Akkadian-English
Dictionary
by Mel Copeland
Copeland —
English-Akkadian Dictionary
(Volume
1-6)
9.01.18
The “Copeland—English-Akkadian Dictionary” was
compiled from the University of Chicago work:
“THE
ASSYRIAN
DICTIONARY OF THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF
CHICAGO,”
1964,
Published by the Oriental Institute Chicago,
Illinois, USA and J.J. Augustom
Verlagsbuchhandlung,
Glückstadt,
Germany. The 21-volume dictionary is made available
as PDF files at:
http://www.aina.org/cad.html (Assyrian
International
News Agency). The following files were used in the
preparation of this dictionary:
|
Volume |
Pagination |
Date |
ISBN |
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xxxvi
+ 392 |
1964 |
0-918986-06-0 |
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xx
+ 531 |
1968
|
0-918986-07-9 |
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xviii
+ 366 |
1965 |
0-918986-08-7 |
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xiv
+ 203 |
1959 |
0-918986-09-5 |
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xiv
+ 435 |
1958 |
0-918986-10-9 |
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xii
+ 158 |
1956 |
0-918986-11-7 |
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xiii
+ 266 |
1956 |
0-918986-12-5 |
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xv
+ 331 |
1960 |
0-918986-13-3 |
|
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xix
+ 617 |
1971 |
0-918986-14-1 |
|
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xx
+ 259 |
1973
|
0-918986-15-X |
|
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xxiv
+ 441 |
1977 |
0-918986-16-8 |
|
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xx
+ 324 |
1977 |
0-918986-16-8 |
|
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xxiii
+ 382 |
1980 |
0-918986-17-6 |
|
|
xxi
+ 357 |
1980 |
0-918986-17-6
|
|
|
xxx
+ 559 |
2005 |
1-885923-35-X |
|
|
xxiv
+ 332 |
1982 |
0-918986-24-9 |
|
|
xxx
+ 441 |
1999 |
1-885923-14-7 |
|
|
xxiv
+ 428 |
1984 |
0-918986-40-0 |
|
|
xv
+ 262 |
1962 |
0-918986-18-4
|
|
|
xxviii
+ 492 |
1989 |
0-918986-55-9 |
|
|
xxviii
+ 453 |
1992 |
0-918986-78-8 |
|
|
xxxiv
+ 420 |
1992 |
0-918986-79-6 |
|
|
xxx
+ 500 |
2006 |
1-885923-42-2 |
|
|
xxxii
+ 167 |
2006 |
1-885923-43-0 |
|
|
xxxi
+ 411 |
2010 |
1-885923-78-3 |
|
|
xv
+ 170 |
1961 |
0-918986-19-2 |
The Chicago Oriental Institute
documents
are alphabetized as Akkadian-English. I needed
an English-Akkadian document,
and —finding nothing readily
available — decided to convert the
Akkadian-English files to an
abbreviated English-Akkadian version. The
oi.chicago.edu volumes are amazingly
detailed, showing the specific usages and
texts where each word in the
dictionary is used. The individual volumes
range in size from about 200 pages
to 600+ pages, and as one will see in
reviewing this complex www.oi.chicago
work, the work is massive (Akk. “ešqu”).
The
Akkadian language is a composite language,
consisting of Sumerian, Kassite,
Hittite, Hurrian, Nuzi, West Semitic,
Egyptian, etc., lexemes. We have indicated
words that are of Hurrian origin in this
dictionary; to ascertain the origin
and use of the words in this dictionary please
consult the www.oi.chicago
dictionary.
“Etruscan
Phrases
Indo-European Table.” This table began as a table
that showed Indo-European
leximes/cognates
that
coincided with the 2,500 words vocabulary I
developed from examination and
translation
of
over 600 Etruscan texts. Later, in preparation of
this table it became apparent that there
was
a greater mission involved with the table, of
reconciling Indo-European languages with other
language
groups,
first Baltic, Uralic and Kartvelian, then finding a
need to expand the listing of
concording
leximes
to Hurrian/Urartian and subsequently Akkadian. I
refer those who are interested to
begin
with
our Indo-European Table, Part 1, available at
academia.edu or at maravot.com Etruscan
Phrases,
which
is at:
http://www.maravot.com/Indo-European_Table.html.
Professional linguists and novices will no
doubt enjoy seeing common words still used today
that may
have
been
passed down through the Indo-European languages to
English. One of many words involved
an
old hobby I had, as I was an impressionist oil
painter in Paris in the 80.s and applied gesso first
to my
canvass
before
applying the oil paints. Recently, I discovered that
the Akkadian word for plaster,
whitewash, gypsum is: “gaṣṣu." Indo-European (many of which are Celtic) correspondences to Akkadian are listed in footnotes as they are determined using the Indo-European Table.”
A note on the special letters used by
oi.chicago.edu. š = “sh,” ṭ = a hard “t,” and ḫ
= ”ch.” Other
more
common
characters
are: ṣ, š, ā, â, ē, ê, ī, î, ū, û. This, of course, is a work in
progress, and, seeing the vocabulary develop and its
implications, I believed others would like to use
this English-Akkadian version. Once again, it was
developed by me as a tool to reconcile--and
inform--to the words in my Indo-European Table. As a
side note, in this strange, unsettled age, involving
the plight of Middle-Eastern nations and immigrants
fleeing the horrors of merciless, (Akk. “gamālu”), unrestrained governments,
and even persecuted by the government that hosts the
Statue of Liberty, that among the first words in our
American English-Akkadian
Dictionary
is “abandoned child.” Coincidentally, Sargon, the
founder of the Assyrian/Akkadian Empire (2334 to
2279 BC), was apparently born an illegitimate son
and was discovered abandoned, adrift in a basket
(like Moses) on the Euphrates River. He is known for
creating the first multi-national empire in history.
Today,
the idea of certain governments is to purge those
that do not conform to their likeness: an old,
criminal idea tried by Hitler (who abhorred
multi-nationals and enjoyed destroying them and
their families.
We thank the Assyrian government for making
these Assyrian files available and encourage those
who
are
curious about Iraq and Syria and their old
foundations to visit www.aina.org.
Mel
Copeland
8.05.18
Dictionary:
A B
C D
E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R
S T U V W X Y Z
A
abandoned
(child), ezbu, ezību
abandon, to abandon, to desert, to leave, leave
behind, to neglect, disregard,
to leave something with or to a person, to entrust,
to reserve, set aside, to
leave behind, to leave to posterity, to leave a
token remnant of land, to lend
money, to bequeath, to divorce, to make out a legal
document, to spare, leave
out, to save, to be saved, to leave one another,
ezēbu
abscess,
inflammation, fire (as a
natural phenomenon), fire (produced for specific
purposes), fire signal, išātu
ability,
imqūtu
ablaze,
adv., isātiš
abnormal
condition of parts of the body,
a process performed on barley seeds, ḫamāšu
abnormal,
irregular, unjust,
polluted, impure, unjustly treated, unfortunate,
impotent, isaru, in išaru
above,
on, beyond, el
above,
on, upon, over, to, towards,
against, more than, beyond, at the debit of, on
account of, eli
above,
over, upstream, apart from,
in addition to, elēn, elēnu
above,
upward, elâniš
absent
oneself, to expel a person,
go away, to remove an object, to be removed, duppuru
abomination,
villany, anzillu
abundance, ḫenunnu
abundance,
abundant yield of fauna
and flora,
productivity, emblem
symbolizing fertility, ḫegallu
abundance,
abundant, rich gift,
kubuttû
abundance,
attractiveness,
luxuriance, charm, vigor, kuzbu
abundant,
heavy, dense, substantial,
dangerous, grievous, severe, serious, honored,
important, venerable,
influential person at the royal court, kabtu
abundant,
duššû
abundant,
luxuriant, ḫabṣu
abundant,
numerous, dešû, deššû
abundant, to
be abundant, ḫabāṣu
abundant, to
be abundant, to perform
in various disguises, kapāšu
abundant,
to become, make or be abundant,
fertile, to provide abundantly,
lavishly, dešû
abundant
yield of fauna and flora,
abundance, productivity, emblem symbolizing
fertility, ḫegallu
abundant
yield, produce, vulva, ḫiṣbu
acacia, a
kind of acacia,
ašāgu
Acacia bush,
shrub, ebītu
acceptance of
a case by a court,
didibbû
access,
approach, vestiges, traces,
tracks, track (as a physical feature), steps (made
by human beings, animals,
demons, etc.,), walk, gait, path, in kibis
šēpi, sole of the foot, pressing of dates,
path (in metaphoric use), way of
acting, rite, behavior, etc., deduction, allowance,
kibsu
accomplished,
appropriate, attained,
sufficient, successful, kašdu
according to,
as soon as, when, in
the manner of, as, that, whether, because, on
account of, if, in case, so that,
conj. Kīma
according to
expectation, duly, in
due form, correctly, truthfully, loyally, steadily,
firmly, kīniš
according to,
instead of, because,
conj., kīmū
according to,
instead of, in lieu
of, in the manner of, like, as, corresponding to,
prep., kīma
accordingly,
additionally, instead,
adv., kīmū
accordingly,
thus, just as, appitti
account,
to make a final accounting?
ahirtu
account?
to wish? to plan, make
plans, keṣēpu
accumulate,
accumulated, to have in
store, spread dates for sorting, to pile up, to heap
up, to add (as a math
term), to be heaped up, to be heaped up (said of
ruin mounds [tumuli] and
corpses), kamāru
accursed man,
adj., ḫalpu
accursedness,
ḫalpūtu
accursed
person, curse, arratu
accuse,
infect disease, to inflict
diseases, join together, to be joined together,
unite, support, tax, impose
taxes, fines, load, land a boat, lean, to lean
against, to reach, to cling to,
to come in contact, to stand nearby, take cover,
refuge, to place a lean upon
or against something, to assign, mix, add up, meet,
emēdu
accuse, to
accuse, denounce, ḫullu
accusation
(unfounded), calumny, karṣu
achieve,
to succeed, kašāru
achievement,
evil machination, deed,
act, witchcraft, work, equipment, rendering and
settling of accounts, speech,
command, ipšu
achievement,
success, kašittu
acknowledgment,
characteristic,
feature, sign, mark, diagram, omen, ominous, sign,
password, signal, inside
information, notice, written proof, ittu
acquire on
credit to assume
financial obligation, borrow, to owe, ḫabālu
acquisition,
assets, booty,
conquest, prisoner of war, seizure (by a disease,
demons), kišittu
acquisition,
assets, boundary,
limit, kišdu
acrobat,
ḫuppû, in ša ḫuppȋ
acrobat,
a type of weaver, ḫuppû
act,
activity, evil magic, work,
epēšu
act,
deed, evil machination,
witchcraft, work, achievement, equipment, rendering
and settling of accounts,
speech, command, ipšu
act of
negligence, crime, harm,
damage, sin, punishment, offense, misdeed,
fault, ḫiṭu
act, ritual
act, kikkiṭṭû
act, to
act, be active, proceed, to
permit (said of gods), is, happens, to treat person
or thing, build, construct,
manufacture, to practice witchcraft, perform a
divination, a ritual, to plant,
to cultivate, epēšu
act, to
act or do epēšu
act, to
perform an act, dibbuact,
ritual, manufacture, evil magic, crew, construction,
agricultural work,
handywork, tillage, epištu
acting, way
of acting, pressing of
dates,
sole of the foot, in kibis šēpi,
access, approach, vestiges,
traces, tracks, track (as a physical feature), steps
(made by human beings,
animals, demons, etc.,), walk, gait, path, path (in
metaphoric use), rite,
behavior, etc., deduction, allowance, kibsu
actor,
member of the
temple-personnel (of Īštar), performing dances and
music, kulu’u
actor,
performer of cultic games,
plays, dances, and music, kurgarrû
add (as a
math term), accumulate,
accumulated, to have in store, spread dates for
sorting, to pile up, to heap up
to be heaped up, to be heaped up (said of ruin
mounds [tumuli] and corpses),
kamāru
addition,
in addition, excess, in
excess, loudly, outwardly, on high, on top, up,
upward, upstream, eliš
additional, in reserve, in excess, oversize,
excessive, foremost, excellent,
exaggerated, untrue, atru
additional
amount, excess,
additional payment, fee, atru
additionally,
exceedingly, in
addition, atriŝ
additionally,
in addition to,
beyond, besides, apart from, prep., elat
additionally,
instead, accordingly,
adv., kīmū
adjacent to,
border, border line,
alongside, territory, region, confines,
circumference, sides (of a boat),
around, alongside, itû
adjust,
to deduct, to correspond, to
consider, to clarify, make clear, incise, to cut, to cut down, cut off, to cut in
deeply, determine, to set, to
become ready, to treat, to cut off, ḫarāṣu
adjusted,
cultivated, built on (said
of a house), wrought, finished, epšu
administration
building, edulû
adoration
gesture, describing a deity
represented as making a gesture of adoration,
designating a person
performing a specific religious act, kāribu
adoration,
to pronounce formulas of adoration,
praise, homage and greeting, to pronounce
formulas of blessing (said of
gods and divine powers and manifestations), to
invoke blessings upon other
persons for a specific purpose, before the images of
the gods, to pray to the
gods, to make the gesture of adoration or greeting,
to dedicate an offering by
pronouncing the relevant formulas, karābu
adopt, to
adopt a son, māru
adorn, to
adorn, to crown, to veil,
to cover (the head or face) with the cloth, kullulu
admitted,
coming, ēribu
adult, to
become mature, eṭēlut
advance,
attack, go, govern, rule,
oppose, send a message, turn against person,
confront, order, âru
advance, to advance against, to be put in order, to
become successful, proceed,
to be fitted out correctly, justice, to provide
justice, dispatch, send, insure
the correct performance of a ritual, to make do the
right thing, thrive, to
prosper, to inject an enema, clear
up, to give birth easily, to charge (an enemy),
straighten up, to
go straight toward, to thrive, to prosper, to
be or become all right, to move the bowels, to
proceed, to move straight ahead,
to cause to move along a straight or correct course
to prepare, to march on, to
put or keep in good order, to set aright, to give
correct decisions, ešēru
advance on or
continue a journey, to
march in review ritual, to go through with a ritual,
avert, transfer, to be
transferred, to transgress, to be transgressed, to
go beyond or exceed, to
by-pass, avoid, move objects past, go overland,
elapse, to cross, pass along
(walking), to pass by, to pass through, to send on
overland, to make pass on or
proceed, to pass objects on, to hand over, to allow
time to elapse, cause
delay, to allow persons or boats to pass, etēqu
adversary,
gērânu, kammālu?
adversary,
foe, gērû
adversary,
gērû, in bēl gērȋ
adversary in
court, dabābu
advice,
instruction, muster, aširtu
affluent,
adj., gitrunu
after,
aḫrūn*arkat, arki
after,
behind, dāt
afterbirth,
blinkers, film, membrane, ipu
afternoon,
late afternoon, late afternoon meal,
kinsigu
afterward,
arkīnišu
afterward,
backward, behind, arkiš
afterward,
behind, to the rear, arka
afterward,
later-on, arkāniš, arkānu
afterward,
soon after, arkītam
afterwards,
dātu
after,
when, conj., innanu
against,
above, on, upon, over, to,
towards, more than, beyond, at the debit of, on
account of, eli
against,
for, to, up to, toward,
upon, from, ana
agent,
ālik našparti
agent,
forwarding agent, carrier, ḫarrānu,
in ša ḫārrānati
agitated,
to fear, arāru
agglomerated,
collected, joint,
itmudu
aggravate, to
aggravate, to become
important, to show respect, to pay respect to gods,
to parents, to
respect an oath, rich, to become painful,
to honor a person, honored, to give honor, to be
honored, to hatch (said of a
bird), bothersome, to become difficult, lethargic,
massive, fat, to become heavy, make
difficult, etc., to extinguish a fire,
to underline the importance of, to make heavy,
kabātu
agreement,
dibbātu
agreement,
a type of formal
agreement, adû
agreement,
final agreement,
totality, gummurtu
agreement,
gossip, lawsuit, legal
case, matter, rumor, report, word, talk, dibbu
agreement,
to come to an agreement,
to make mutual concessions, to perform a kind act,
to act so as to please, to
be obliging, to spare, save, gamālu
agreement,
to make an agreement,
šalmu,
agreement, to
make an agreement, *ḫilu,
in ḫilumma epēšu
aggressively,
war-like manner,
dapniš
aggressiveness,
kadrūtu
agricultural
implement? amandēnu
agricultural
implement, argukku
agricultural
tool, an emblem of
Ištar, išqarrurtu
agricultural
work, handywork,
tillage, construction, manufacture, crew, act,
ritual, evil magic, epištu
agricultural
work, plowing, ikkarūtu
agricultural
worker, amandēnu, used
in ša amandēni
agricultural
worker, ḫalumāsu, in ša
ḫalumāsi
agricultural
worker, ḫabazû, in ša ḫabaz
agricultural
worker, clod-breaker, ḫēpû
agricultural
worker, doing
agricultural and other work under
supervision, person of servile status attached to a
household, menial, person
of equal social status, comrade, colleague, kinattu
agricultural
yield, estimated yield
of a garden or field, delivered to owner of field
(king, temple, etc.,) by
tenant, imittu
ague (as
disease), chill, cold, cold
weather, cold season, frost, winter, kuṣṣu
aid
(military), auxiliaries, auxiliary
force, kitru
aim, to take
aim, wait for, own, attend
to, belong to, look, to look at, look on with
indifference, dagālu
Akkadian,
akkadû, akkaditu (f.)
alabaster,
gišnugallu
alacrity, to
do so with alacrity, to
be prompt, ḫašāšu
alas,
aja, aji, aju
alas!,
interj., inimma
alas,
woe! ahūla, aḫūlamma
alert,
awake, dalpu, dalbu
alertness,
ḫarduttu
alert, to be
alert, wake up, to keep
watch, ḫarādu
alert, to be alert, to alert, watchful, etēku
alert, to be
on the alert, to watch
out, to be watched over, to be under surveillance,
kuddu
alive,
adv., ḫaja
alkali,
potash, idrānu
all,
entirety, whole, kalu
all,
every, entirety, any, gabbu
all,
everything, kalama
all,
everywhere, anywhere, in every
respect, adv., kališ
all,
expenses, universe, totality, gimru
all,
totality, kullatu
all totality,
entire inhabited world
(as a politico-religious term), kiššatu
allot, to
allot fields to settlers,
gurru
allotment,
esiktu
alloy or
metal used for weapons, ḫabalginnu
all right,
to be or become all
right, to set aright, to march on, to charge (an
enemy), to move straight
ahead, to
inject an enema, to move the
bowels, to put or keep in good order, to be put in
order, to advance against,
to become successful, proceed, to be fitted out
correctly, to provide justice,
dispatch, send, insure the correct performance of a
ritual, to make, do the
right thing, thrive, to prosper, clear
up, to give birth easily, straighten up, to
go straight toward, to thrive, to prosper, to
proceed, to cause to move
along a straight or correct course, to prepare, to
give correct decisions,
ešēru
all-seeing,
*atmaru
all together,
at the same time, as
one group, in every respect, in one act, jointly,
instantly, together, ištēniš
almighty,
dandannu
alone,
ēdekku
aloneness,
ēdiššu
aloneness,
isolated, unattached,
lone person, ēdēnu
alongside,
adjacent to, border,
border line, territory, region, confines,
circumference, sides (of a boat),
around, alongside, itû
along with,
now then, annūrig
altar made of
reed, guḫšu
alternate,
to change, to displace,
to shift, to invert, to revoke terms, commands,
retract, substitute,
interchange, replace one another, to be revoked, enû
although,
whereas, conj., iššā
allow time to
elapse, to allow
persons or boats to pass, delay, cause delay, hand
over, proceed, to make pass
on or proceed, advance on or continue a journey, to
march in review, to go
through with a ritual, avert, transfer, to be
transferred, to transgress, to be
transgressed, to go beyond or exceed, to by-pass,
avoid, move objects past, go
overland, elapse, to cross, pass along (walking), to
pass by, to pass through,
to send on overland, to pass objects on, etēqu
allowance,
behavior, rite, way of
acting, pressing of dates, sole of
the foot, in kibis
šēpi, access,
approach, vestiges, traces, tracks, track (as a
physical feature), steps (made
by human beings, animals, demons, etc.,), walk,
gait, path, path (in metaphoric
use), etc., deduction, kibsu
aloud, to
boot, elītam
alum,
gabû, in aban gabȋ
always,
constantly, adv., kajan,
kajāniš
always,
constantly, normally, adv.,
ginâ
always,
regularly, constantly, adv.,
kajāna
always,
customarily, constantly,
adv., kajamānu
always,
usually, kajamāniu
Amorite,
amurru, amurrītu (f.)
amount, offering, gifts, presents (to a god
or king), import duty, income,
irbu
amount, to
amount to,
to reach, to reach and equal in value, arrive
(said of a moment in time), to be sufficient, to
approach ( a person, an
authority), with a claim, a complaint, to find, to
conquer a country, a city,
to defeat an enemy, to be victorious, to capture an
enemy, to arrest a
fugitive, a criminal, to surprise (in the act), to
seize (said of diseases,
evil spirits, misfortunes, etc.), to obtain a wish,
knowledge, good health,
luck, a friend, to attain old age, to win a case, to
obtain possession of objects,
merchandise, etc., to get hold of (in various shades
of meaning), to finish
completely, to chase away, pursue, to drive away,
drive into exile, to
disinherit, to drive away evil spirits, to remove
sins, etc., to make a
journey, to drive (horses), to approach someone, to
defeat an enemy, to
conquer, to raid, to make prisoner, to seize, to
send, to pertain to property,
to a right, etc., kašādu
amulet or
piece of jewelry worn
around the neck, string of beads, throat (of a human
being, a god, or an
animal, ofen including the head and shoulders),
neck, necklace, neck scarf,
bank of a river, canal, ditch, shore of the sea,
edge of a well, rim of a pot,
etc., kišādu
amphora,
an amphora, akūnu
and, aššu
and,
adv., kūmu
anew,
edišimma
anew,
adv., eššiš, ešsišamma,
eššitamma
anger,
feature of the exta, joint of
the human or animal body, payment in kind for
services or taxes, rent payment,
team of workmen or experts, troop, contingent of
soldiers, knot made for magic
purposes, wrath, structure, bond (of a mountain,
wall), mountain astness,
concentration, strength, joint, node, knot of a
plant, section of a text or
region, possessions, treasures, stricture of the
alimentary canal, obstruction
in a canal, lump, meterorite?, clasp, handle, an
astronomical term, kiṣru
anger,
outbreak of divine anger
against a specific enemy, terminating with a cry of
triumph over his
annihilation, triumph, victory, irnittu
angry,
adj., agāmu,
aggu, *ibzu, kitmulu
angry,
furious, terrible,
awe-inspiring, adj., ezzu
angry,
terrifying, adj., galtu
angry, to
be angry, to flare up in
anger, fuming with rage, agāgu, uggugu
angry, to
become angry, wrathful, to
be irascible, to be angry with each other, to make
angry, to become angered,
kamālu
angry,
wrathful, kamlu
angrily,
aggiš
animal, a
wild animal, dumāmu,
kattillu
animal, an animal, darūbu, imru, kissugu,
kuṣu’u
animal, an aquatic animal, amēl nāri, girītu,
ḫammu, kušû
animal, a
small animal, kakkišubi
animal, a
small animal, rodent,
kakkišu
animal body
part, ḫani, in
DIŜ-ḫāni
animal or
human body part, ḫamurītu
animal, plow
animal, farm
bailiff/overseer, farm laborer, farmer, small farmer
(of a larger
organization), plowman, ikkaru
animals,
ašû
ankle bone,
an ornament, probably in
the shape of an astragal, kiṣallu
annihilate,
to bring to an end, to
use up, to spend, to settle, to encompass, to
control, to possess in full, to
finish, to bring to an end, to pay or deliver in
full, to use one’s full
strength, to concentrate, to render a final verdict,
to cause to spend, to give
in full, to hold together, to be annihilated,
ruined, to be brought to an end,
used up, to be settled, gamāru
announce,
appointed, to recognize,
to be recognized, reveal, to mark, in a daze,
intentionally, neglect, to
disregard, to be unable to, to be unused to, (with
negation) to be unfamiliar
with, to take cognizance of, to care for something
or somebody, to be aware of,
versed in something, familiar with, to be
experienced, to know something or
somebody, (with negation) to be unfamiliar with, to
be unused to, knowingly,
unwittingly, unconsciously, to inform, to make
known, identify, to assign,
revealed, proclaim, to make recognizable, to assign,
idû
annihilate,
to defeat, kamāru
annihilation,
catastrophe,
slaughter, karašû
annihilation,
divine overpowering
weapon, crushing defeat, kašūšu
annoy, to
frighten, šūduru
annoyed, to
be annoyed, compress,
constrict, to strangle, ḫanāqu
ant,
kulbābtu, kulbābu
ants, like
ants, kulbābiš
antimony
paste, egû
antimony
(used as eye paint), guḫlu
anxiety,
break, gully, cut-off
piece, panic, ḫīpu
anxiety,
fever, scorching, ḫimṭu
any,
ja’umma
any, all,
every, entirety, gabbu
anybody,
ammannâ
anywhere,
everywhere, in every
respect, all, adv., kališ
apart from,
akla
apart from,
besides, ela
apart from,
prep., ezib
apart from,
in addition to, beyond,
besides, prep., elat
apart from,
above, over, upstream,
in addition to, prep. Elēn, elēnu
apart from
the fact that, conj.,
ezib
aphasia,
speech disorder, kadibbidû
apparel,
an article of apparel, (Hurrian word,
ḫarbiwû), ḫidumū
apparel, an
article of apparel for
images, ḫurābu
apparel,
describing an article of
apparel, adj., ḫesīru
apparel,
mourning apparel, (a ragged or dirty
piece of apparel worn as a
sign of mourning), karru
apparel,
piece of apparel, gadaru, ḫalūpu,
ḫuppu, (Hurrian word, kazurḫu),
kiššatu
apparel, part
of a woman’s apparel, ḫaštaru
appear,
to become visible, apû
appear,
to see the light, šamaš
apple, a
kind of apple, a
cereal, arsuppu
apple tree,
apple, “apple Plant,” a
cut of meat, ḫašḫūru
appoint high
priest, to appoint a
high priest, našūt ēni
appointed,
to recognize, to be
recognized, reveal, to mark, in a daze,
intentionally, neglect, to disregard,
to be unable to, to be unused to, (with negation) to
be unfamiliar with, to
take cognizance of, to care for something or
somebody, to be aware of, versed
in something, familiar with, to be experienced, to
know something or somebody,
(with negation) to be unfamiliar with, to be unused
to, knowingly, unwittingly,
unconsciously, to inform, to make known, identify,
to assign, revealed, to
announce, proclaim, to make recognizable, to mark,
to assign, idû
apportion (lots),
to draw, to make a
drawing, to incise a relief, esēqu
approach,
access, vestiges, traces,
tracks, track (as a physical feature), steps (made
by human beings, animals,
demons, etc.,), walk, gait, path, in kibis
šēpi, sole of the foot, pressing of dates,
path (in metaphoric use), way of
acting, rite, behavior, etc., deduction, allowance,
kibsu
approach, to
approach ( a person, an
authority), with a claim, a complaint, to
approach someone, to amount
to, to
reach, to reach and equal in
value, arrive (said of a moment in time), to be
sufficient, to find, to conquer
a country, a city, to defeat an enemy, to be
victorious, to capture an enemy,
to arrest a fugitive, a criminal, to surprise (in
the act), to seize (said of
diseases, evil spirits, misfortunes, etc.), to
obtain a wish, knowledge, good
health, luck, a friend, to attain old age, to win a
case, to obtain possession
of objects, merchandise, etc., to get hold of (in
various shades of meaning),
to finish completely, to chase away, pursue, to
drive away, drive into exile,
to disinherit, to drive away evil spirits, to remove
sins, etc., to make a
journey, to drive (horses), to defeat an enemy, to
conquer, to raid, to make
prisoner, to seize, to send, to pertain to property,
to a right, etc., kašādu
appropriate,
attained, sufficient,
successful, accomplished, kašdu
appropriate illegally, to be clothed, to
provide with clothing, to be
covered, clothed, clap down, to cover, to clap down
(said of a trap), to cover
with garments, etc., to cover tightly, to cover,
close, veil (the eyes, the
face, the lips, etc., to cover with earth, etc.,
covered, to cover the body, to
cover with dust, sand, (the sky) with smoke, etc to
overwhelm, to constrict, to
conceal, to seize and hold persons, to overwhelm, to
conceal, close a pot, a
door, to cover up, to overwhelm, katāmu
appurtenances?
isḫu
aquatic
animal, an aquatic animal, amēl nāri, girītu,
ḫammu, kušû
aquatic plant,
swamp containing
aquatic plants, ḫammu
archetype,
magic circle, model, plan
of a building, gišḫuru
architectural
term, an architectural
term, kuptu
architrave,
ḫittu
archive,
tablet archive, kanīku, in bīt
kanīkāte
area,
field, land, region, terrain,
eqlu
arrest, to
arrest a fugitive, a criminal,
to be victorious, to defeat an enemy, to conquer a
country, a city, to find, to
be sufficient, to approach ( a person, an
authority), with a claim, a
complaint, to
amount to, to
reach, to reach and equal in value, arrive
(said of a moment in time), to capture an enemy, to
surprise (in the act), to
seize (said of diseases, evil spirits, misfortunes,
etc.), to obtain a wish,
knowledge, good health, luck, a friend, to attain
old age, to win a case, to
obtain possession of objects, merchandise, etc., to
get hold of (in various
shades of meaning), to finish completely, to chase
away, pursue, to drive away,
drive into exile, to disinherit, to drive away evil
spirits, to remove sins,
etc., to make a journey, to drive (horses), to
approach someone, to defeat an
enemy, to conquer, to raid, to make prisoner, to
seize, to send, to pertain to
property, to a right, etc., kašādu
arrive (said
of a moment in time),
to reach, to reach and equal in value, to amount to,
to be sufficient, to
approach ( a person, an authority), with a claim, a
complaint, to find, to
conquer a country, a city, to defeat an enemy, to be
victorious, to capture an
enemy, to arrest a fugitive, a criminal, to surprise
(in the act), to seize
(said of diseases, evil spirits, misfortunes, etc.),
to obtain a wish,
knowledge, good health, luck, a friend, to attain
old age, to win a case, to
obtain possession of objects, merchandise, etc., to
get hold of (in various
shades of meaning), to finish completely, to chase
away, pursue, to drive away,
drive into exile, to disinherit, to drive away evil
spirits, to remove sins,
etc., to make a journey, to drive (horses), to
approach someone, to defeat an
enemy, to conquer, to raid, to make prisoner, to
seize, to send, to pertain to
property, to a right, etc., kašādu
arm,
iziru
arm, arm
or handle of an instrument,
side, edge, border, span or fathom (a measure),
bracelet, wing, strength, idu
arm,
armrest, hand, side part of a
horse bit, frond, lobe of the lung, plumage, quill,
wing, list, the region of
the eyebrow, the eyelid and the eyelashes, kappu
arm,
forleg, dura’u
arm (human),
side, flank of an
animal, wing of an army, bank of a river, shore of a
sea, aḫu
arm of the
scales, kukku
arm or
hip, ilṣu
arm,
side, a mole, kittabru
arm,
strength, isḫu
armed force,
ḫapši
armed forces,
army, executive power,
ability, value, violence, strength, emūqu
armie’s main
force, totality, whole,
gimirtu
armor,
coat of mail, apluḫtu
armor, plates
of armor, a snake, a
hatchet, kurṣindu
armor, a
kind made of leather, daššu
armored man,
ḫalpu
armorer,
craftsman, engineer (as a
category of soldier), furnace, kiln, oven (of the
smith, potter, etc.), smith,
kiškattû
army,
armed forces, executive power,
ability, value, violence, strength, emūqu
army unit
commander, kiṣru,
in rab
kiṣri
army
encampment, expeditionary
force, camp, campaigning army, karašu
army
expeditionary force,
encampment, camp, campaigning army, karašu
army,
expeditionary force, highway,
road, path, trip, journey, travel, business trip,
venture, caravan, business
capital, military campaign, expedition, raid, corvée
work, service unit, times
(math term), ḫarrānu
army,
campaigning army, army
expeditionary force, army encampment, camp, karašu
army,
kinship group, crew, cohorts,
clique, confederates, clan, host, troops (of the
enemy), donkey caravan
of commerce, collegium, pack of dogs, illatu
army, main
body of an army,
important, grave matter, an euphemism for the left
hand, double pot, kabittu
army reserve,
obligation to serve as
reservist in the royal army, kutallūtu
aromatic
ingredient, ḫamīmu
arrange,
to arrange, (with šûḫuzu),
dājanûtu
arrest a
person, to put a person in
fetters, to bind hands and feet, to join, to tie
objects together, to bond
bricks or blocks of stone, to paralyze limbs and
parts of the body, to bind
magically, to demand a payment, to bind, to demand
payment, to be fettered, to
be joined, kasû
arrive,
to bring something to enter
a house, city, penetrate, to invade, to come (of
taxes or months), to enter, to
enter, to enter into the king or god’s presence, to
return, to go home, erēbu arrogant,
da’ișu
around,
circumference, confines,
sides (of a boat), region, territory, alongside,
adjacent to, border, border
line, alongside, itû
arrogant,
to be overbearing,
spirited, to make fierce, kadāru
aromatic, an
aromatic, kaṣiṣiḫatu
arrowhead?
(foreign word) apellu
arrowhead,
arrow-shaped marking on
the exta, kaksû
arrowhead of bronze, ḫutpu
arrowmaker,
ēpiš qanâte
arrows of
some kind, ḫurḫutūtu
art of the kurgarrû, prebend of the kurgarrû,
kurgarrûtu
arouse from
sleep, raise, clear
away, remove, move, to move to another location, to
make rise and depart, to
collect taxes, to summon officials, call up workers,
mobilize, lift up, call
and dispatch soldiers, move troops into battle, to
prompt, dekû
as,
according to, as soon as, when,
in the manner of, that, whether, because, on account
of, if, in case, so that,
conj. Kīma
as,
according to, instead of, in
lieu of, in the manner of, like, corresponding to,
prep., kīma
as far as,
up til, up to, adi, gadu,
qadu, ḫadu, ad
as follows,
in this manner, on
account of this, for such reason, adv., kīnanna
as is, complete, few, little, small, too
small, īṣu
as much as,
whatever, ammar
as one group,
in every respect, in
one act, jointly, instantly, together, at the same
time, all together, ištēniš
as soon as,
akkā’I, anāma, ašša
as soon as,
when, according to, in
the manner of, as, that, whether, because, on
account of, if, in case, so that,
kīma
as well,
besides, in addition,
moreover, furthermore, indeed, appūna
ascend,
to go up, go to higher
ground, travel uphill, elû
ashes,
ditallu
aside,
off, sidewise, awry.
Separately, elsewhere, aḫītam
ask, to
request, to crave, desire,
to be desired, required, erēšu
ass, wild
ass, araddu
assault,
to commit an assault? Rissu
assemble,
to be assembled, assemble
persons, to collect, to bring in (barley, persons,
animals, documents or
objects), to gather in barley, stationed, to gather
animals and objects, to
prepare for burial, to place, to be gathered, to be
finished, kamāsu
assemble,
assemble a body of
soldiers into a military formation,
organize, strengthen, to repair, to give
relief, to compose a text,
collect, construct, to construct buildings, etc.,
join, to tie, bind together,
to form a herd of animals, to make regulations, to
organize a group, a country,
to set up a battle array, to prepare for battle, to
plot evil, to cluster,
gather, concentrate, make compact, to work for
wages, to become joined, put
together, to tie together, to surround with a fence
or net, to fortify, to
prepare for battle, to compact, to make ready for
battle, to concentrate, to
join together, to make ready for battle, to make
ready, to gather, to be tied,
bound together, kaṣāru
assemble,
to gather, collect,
kupputu
asset, asset
serving as security,
guarantor, one who guarantees, kattû
assets,
boundary, limit,
acquisition, kišdu
assets,
booty, conquest, prisoner of
war, seizure (by a disease, demons), acquisition,
kišittu
assign,
accuse, infect disease, to
inflict diseases, join together, to be joined
together, unite, support, tax,
impose taxes, fines, load, land a boat, lean, to
lean against, to reach, to
cling to, to come in contact, to stand nearby, take
cover, refuge, to place a
lean upon or against something, mix, add up, meet,
emēdu
assign,
to announce, to be
appointed, to recognize, to be recognized, reveal,
to mark, in a daze,
intentionally, neglect, to disregard, to be unable
to, to be unused to, (with
negation) to be unfamiliar with, to take cognizance
of, to care for something
or somebody, to be aware of, versed in something,
familiar with, to be
experienced, to know something or somebody, (with
negation) to be unfamiliar
with, to be unused to, knowingly, unwittingly,
unconsciously, to inform, to
make known, identify, revealed, proclaim, to make
recognizable, idû
assign, to
assign a person to a position,
an office, assign good fortune a calamity, etc., to
assign fields, houses,
staples, etc., to levy taxes, to lay out a
watercourse, a boundary, to erect a
wall, a building, a city, to
establish the foundation of a building, to establish
regular deliveries and
offerings, etc., to establish laws, regulations,
rituals, fame, to set up a
stela, a boundary stone, an inscription, an image, to
establish (in math and astronomy), reliable,
be loyal, to be well disciplined, correct,
to place an object correctly or in a specific
place (said of ritual and
votive objects, of tablets, food, and other
objects), to place parts of a
construction in correct position, honest, endure, to
remain in effect, to last,
to be secure (said of a foundation), a rule, a
position, to remain stationary
(said of planets), to be firm in place, to remain
quantitatively constant, to
impose tribute, a fine, to organize, to put in
order, to grant, to maintain and
preserve the rule, the life of a person, the safety
of an object, the
permanence of a city, etc., to testify, to make a
statement as a witness, to
act as a witness, to establish as true by means of
witnesses, to confirm, to
certify, to be confirmed, kânu
assign,
to assign, to be assigned,
esēhu
assign, to
assign, to produce a
person, to
point out, to show a
document, to show somebody the peg driven in a field
(as legal act accompanying
the transfer of a field), to show an item to be
accounted for, to offer to a
god, to reveal (something hidden), to expose to the
sun, to disclose, reveal,
explain, exhibit, to show an (ominous) sign, to
advise, to instigate, to teach,
to instruct, to give an order, to show a particular
mood or attitude, to make
someone experience prosperity, hardship, to be
shown, offered, to become
exposed, to show, to reveal, to disclose, to
produce, to grant, to show, to
disclose, kullumu
assignment,
assigned working
material (for a crafsman), task, duty, share
(assigned to an official), certificate of
assignment, isiḫtu
Assirian,
from the city of Assur,
aššurû
assist,
to give assistance, qātu,
tappûtu, tillūtu
association,
member of an association, itbārtu
association,
member of an association of
persons of the same status or profession,
itbāru
astray,
to go astray, ḫabātu
astronomical
term, clasp, knot made
for magic purposes, knot of a plant, contingent of
soldiers, troop, team of
workmen or experts, rent payment, payment in kind
for services or taxes, joint
of the human or animal body, a feature of the exta,
anger, wrath, structure,
bond (of a mountain, wall), mountain fastness,
concentration, strength, joint,
node, section of a text or region, possessions,
treasures, stricture of the
alimentary canal, obstruction in a canal, lump,
meterorite?, handle, kiṣru
atmospheric
phenomenon, anquilu
at once,
fast, adv., kapdu
attach, to
attach (as a technical term),
ensnare (in transferred meanings and magical
contexts), to capture or defeat an
enemy, to capture, to overcome, kamû
attack,
go, govern, rule, oppose,
send a message, advance, turn against person,
confront, order, âru
attack,
to rush against, arāhu
attack,
weapon (metaphor for
military strength and aggressiveness), a specific,
individually used weapon,
warfare, troops, standard with divine symbol, tool,
shaft, barb, thorn, a
formation of the exta, a sign predicting certain
events, kakku
attain, to
attain old age, to obtain
a wish, knowledge, good health, luck, a friend, to
obtain possession of
objects, merchandise, etc., to seize (said of
diseases, evil spirits,
misfortunes, etc.), to surprise (in the act), to
arrest a fugitive, a criminal,
to be victorious, to defeat an enemy, to conquer a
country, a city, to find, to
be sufficient, to approach ( a person, an
authority), with a claim, a complaint, to amount
to,
to reach, to reach and equal in value, arrive
(said of a moment in
time), to capture an enemy, to win a case, to get
hold of (in various shades of
meaning), to finish completely, to chase away,
pursue, to drive away, drive
into exile, to disinherit, to drive away evil
spirits, to remove sins, etc., to
make a journey, to drive (horses), to approach
someone, to defeat an enemy, to
conquer, to raid, to make prisoner, to seize, to
send, to pertain to property,
to a right, etc., kašādu
attained,
sufficient, successful,
accomplished, appropriate, kašdu
attend to,
aim, to take aim, wait
for, own, belong
to, look, to look at,
look on with indifference, dagālu
attendant,
personal attendant,
groom, herdsman?,
kizû
attendants to
the person of a king, domestics
of a palace, temple or large
estate, often attached as attendants to
the person of a king, girseqû
attention,
to pay attention, uznu
attention, to
pay attention, to give
information, investigate, to study, to remind,
to worry, to be concerned, worried, to
be pious, to think of a deity = to heed a diety, to
think of a person (said of
gods and kings = to care for, to mention, ḫasāsu
at that time,
adv., inūmi, inūšu
at the right
time, on time,
promptly, adv., kallû, in ana kallê
at the same
time, as one group, in
every respect, in one act, jointly, instantly,
together, all together, ištēniš
at the time
of, prep., inūma
attractive,
adj., kuzbānītu
attractiveness,
abundance,
luxuriance, charm, vigor, kuzbu
atrophied
part, ikimtu
augur,
diviner, observer of birds
for divination pirposes, dāgil iššūre
augur, to
divine omens from a bird,
iššūru
aunt,
aḫat abi
aurochs,
a fish, ditānu
authority,
lordship, etellūtu
auxiliary
force, help, rescue,
helper, ḫamatu
auxiliary
force, auxiliaries, aid
(military), kitru
available, to
make available, to get
ready, ḫâru
average, of
average quality, gurnu
avert,
transfer, to be transferred,
to transgress, to be transgressed, to go beyond or
exceed, to by-pass, avoid,
move objects past, go overland, elapse, to cross,
pass along (walking), to
advance on or continue a journey, to march in
review, to pass by, to pass
through, to send on overland, to make pass on or
proceed, to pass objects on,
to hand over, to go through with a ritual, to allow
time to elapse, cause delay,
to allow persons or boats to pass, etēqu
awake,
adj., êru
awake, to
be awake, êru
awake, to
be or stay awake, be
sleepless, work ceaselessly, to keep someone awake,
harass, dalāpu
awake,
alert, dalpu, dalbu
aware, to be
aware of, versed in
something, familiar with, to be experienced, to know
something or somebody, to
care for something or somebody, to take cognizance
of, to be unfamiliar with,
to be unused to, to be unable to, to disregard, to
neglect, , knowingly,
intentionally, unwittingly, unconsciously, in a
daze, to mark, to inform, to
make known, reveal, to recognize, identify, to
assign, to be recognized,
revealed, appointed, to announce, proclaim, to make
recognizable, to mark, to
assign, idû
awe, full of awe, ādiru
awe-inspiring,
angry, furious,
terrible, adj., ezzu
awe-inspiring,
to inspire awe, to
cause trouble, to scare away, to fear, to be or
become frightened, to frighten,
to be or become nervous or restless, to quiver,
twitch, to have a premature
emission, to inspire fear, or respect, galātu
awesome
splendor, appearance of
awesome splendor, igisuṣillû
awn (ie.,
bristle of barley), husk,
chaff, iltu
axe,
ḫaṣṣinnu
axe, a
type of axe, ārimānu
axe, a divine
weapon, probably an ax,
kulpašu
axe, an
axe, agû, agasalakku,
agasalikku, agasilikku, kalappu, kibirru
axe, an
axe or weapon, kisītu
axe, battle-axe, kalmakru
aye, aye
(expressing acceptance of
an order), jājaja[1]
[1]
Akkadian, jājaja, Georgian diakh, Latvian, ja,
Armenian, այո,
ayo, Welsh, ie, French, oui, English, aye, aye
[<I, or ON, ei]. See also
Belarusian, ды,
dy, Croatian, da, Romanian, da, Scots-Gaelic,
tha.
baa, bleat of a
sheep, imbâ
back, erûtu
back, backbone, gutarru
back of a
mountain goat or gazelle,
armu
back of
the head, backside (of
human beings and animals), nape of
the neck, rear part (of objects, parts of the body,
buildings, etc.), as a
prep. or adv., behind, in idiomatic expressions,
replacement, late part (of the
year), later time, kutallu
back, one with a broad back or neck (as a
nickname), kutallānu
back,
rear, guarantor, future,
later, second,
lower in rank, arkû
backbone,
spine, keel of a ship,
battering ram part, eṣenṣēru
backside (of
human beings and
animals), nape of the neck, back of the head, rear
part (of objects, parts of
the body, buildings, etc.), as a prep. or adv.,
behind, in idiomatic
expressions, replacement, late part (of the year),
later time, kutallu
backward,
adv., kutallānu
backward,
afterward, behind, arkiš
bad,
imperative, harsh, obstinate,
tyrannical, thick, serious, savage, reliable,
massive, legitimate, loud,
steady, urgent, pressing, powerful, mighty,
essential, dangerous, difficult,
great, grave, fortified, fierce, binding, heavy,
hard, solid, strong, dannu
badger,
worm?, kalab urṣi
bag, leather
bag, ḫimtu, kunzu
bag, leather
bag for stone weights and
for a merchant’s silver, capital (kept in a
bag, to be used for business
transactions), silver kept in a bag for deposit
banking, treasury, kīsu
bag,
reinforcement around an earthenware
jar, gurābu
bag, sealed
bag, sealed document,
kaniktu, kanīku
bag, to
snare, ebēlu
bailiff, farm
bailiff/overseer, farm
laborer, farmer, small farmer (of a larger
organization), plowman, plow animal,
ikkaru
bake, to
bake, epû
bake, to
bake, to roast, kamû
baked,
epû
baker,
ēpû
baker or
cook producing special
dishes, kakardinnu
balance for
weighing, gišrinnu
balance,
rest, remainder, pledge,
divorce money, ezibtu
balance?
surplus? Anzannu
bald,
adj., gubbuḫu, gurrudu
bald-headed,
ḫummuṣu
balmy, to be balmy (said of weather), ḫabû
band, a band, (foreign word), emutin
band, a band, bandage, enišu
band,
rope, durru
band,
rope, belt, fetter, wisp of
straw to bind a sheaf, kannu
band,
strap, abšu, apšu, idru
band, to to
band together, to form a
confederation, katāru
bandage,
ḫulāpu, id’etu
bandage,
strap, e’al’u
bank of a
canal, a river, rim, edge
of an object, kibru
bank of a
river, canal, ditch,
amulet or piece of jewelry worn around the neck,
string of beads, throat (of a
human being, a god, or an animal, ofen including the
head and shoulders), neck,
necklace, neck scarf, shore of the sea, edge of a
well, rim of a pot, etc.,
kišādu
banquet,
to arrange a banquet,
qarêtu
bar for
locking doors, ēdilu
barb,
attack, weapon (metaphor for
military strength and aggressiveness), a specific,
individually used weapon,
warfare, troops, standard with divine symbol, tool,
shaft, thorn, a formation
of the exta, a sign predicting certain events, kakku
barber,
gallābu
barber,
king’s barber, ŜU.I.LUGAL
barber of the
market place, gallāb
maḫīri
barber,
female barber, SAL. ŜU.I
barber for
sick people, ŜU.I. GIG
bare the
teeth, gnash the teeth, to
rage, to be raging, gaṣāṣu
barley, a
fine quality of barley,
jaraḫḫu
barley, measure of capacity, the amount of barley
in one such unit, kurru
barley, a
type of barley, inninu,
irsuppu
barley black
spot (a disease of
barley), black mole, ḫalû
barley
cleaned, treated in a certain
way, ḫaršu
barley ear,
antu
barley or
beer large container, ḫiburnu
barley,
parched barley, *gububtu
barley, pile
of barley, storage
area, karamu
barley, pile
of barley prepared for
storage, property held in common by several
persons, karû
barley, qualifying barley, galburḫu, ḫunnuṭu
barley,
quality of barley, ḫunṭu
barley
process, performed on barley
seeds, abnormal condition of parts of the body,
ḫamāšu
barley
processed by the ḫāmišu,
deformed parts of the body
(describing), referring to adj., ḫamšu
barley
processor, ḫāmišu
barley storage, aldû
barley
thresher, dā’isu
barn,
storage place for straw,
kurdiššu
barn,
storehouse, ḫašīmu
barren,
fallow land, kikallû
barren woman,
ālittu, in la ālittu,
wālittu
barricade,
part of a lock, log,
gišru
barrier,
gištalgiddû
base,
ešdu
base deed,
to commit a base deed,
gillatu, gullultu
base,
foundation of a building, wall,
gate, etc., base of a tree, foundation
of a reign, government, administrative or political
reorganization (of a
country or city), discipline of an army, social
status or position, support,
assurance of continuation of a family, bottom (of
the interior of a container
or of the exterior of an object), potstand, root of
plants or parts of the body
and the exta, lower extremities, stance, horizon,
damp course, išdu
basket, a
basket, kikurru, kurduppu,
kurzidakku, kurzizakku, kuzzisallu
basket, a kind of basket, ḫallatu
basket, a
kind of basket, beer
container, ḫuburtu
basket, a
large basket, ḫuppu
basket,
bird’s nest, necklace,
obligation (as a legal term), ḫīšu
basket,
covered basket, *kutumtu
basket for
dates, gipû
basket for
fish, gurduppu
basket or
other container, kirītu
basket to
carry earth, bricks, etc.,
a wooden container, kudurru
basket with
wooden handle, gisappu
basketmaker,
ēpiš qappāti
basket-mender,
ēdiḫu
basis,
base, foundation, habitation,
duruššu
bat, a
bat, gilgidānu
bat or
cudgel? a heavy stick used as
a weapon, gišginû
battering ram,
jašibu, jašubû
battering ram
part, keel of a ship,
backbone, spine, eṣenṣēru
battering ram,
(a small battering
ram), girgiṣu
battle,
dirdirru
battle-axe,
kalmakru
battle,
confusion, blurring of
vision, ašītu
battle cry,
to raise the hue and cry
of battle, tānuqāti
battle,
fray, ašgagu
battle,
onslaught, adammû
battle,
strife, (poetic term) anantu
battle,
to give battle, qarābu
battle, to set up a battle array, to prepare
for battle, to make ready for
battle, to make regulations, to form a herd of
animals, to assemble, assemble a
body of soldiers into a military formation,
organize, strengthen, to repair, to give
relief, to compose a text,
collect, construct, to construct buildings, etc.,
join, to tie, bind together,
to organize a group, a country, to plot evil, to
cluster, gather, concentrate,
make compact, to work for wages, to become joined,
put together, to tie
together, to surround with a fence or net, to
fortify, to compact, to
concentrate, to join together, to make ready, to
gather, to be tied, bound
together, kaṣāru
battlements,
circlet, headband,
kilīlu
be, to be,
*kânu
beam,
amrû
bead, a bead, spirru
bead, a stone
bead, ḫipindû
bead,
egg-shaped bead, necklace of
such beads, erimmatu
bead,
necklace? irimmu
bead or
ornament, du’iltu
bead, metal
or stone bead of various
forms, ḫīdu
bead, stone bead of specific shape,
implement wooden part, hypogastric
region (lower stomach), emšu
beads, a
string of beads, gišdilû
beads, a
string of beads, throat (of
a human being, a god, or an animal, ofen including
the head and shoulders),
neck, necklace, piece of jewelry or amulet worn
around the neck, neck scarf,
bank of a river, canal, ditch, shore of the sea,
edge of a well, riim of a pot,
etc., kišādu
beam,
log, gušūru
beam,
column, gišmaḫḫu
bean, small
bean or lentil, kakkû
bear,
asu, dabû
bearer,
carrier, ābilu
bearded,
anadaru, darīru, darru
bearing (said
of a tree),
productive, adj., ḫānibu
beauty,
darling, treasure,
recommendation, prosperity, profit, grace, favor
(divine) grace, gratitude,
fame, fortune, good fortune, good luck, well-being,
fortune, choice thing,
dumqu
beautiful,
adj., japu
beautiful,
handsome, fine, good,
pleasant, of good family, well-to-do, expert,
well-trained, of good quality, in
good condition, gracious, favorable, propitious,
effective, canonical, damqu
beautiful,
well-formed, *kuzābu
because,
according to, instead of,
conj., kīmū
because,
as, according to, as soon
as, when, in the manner of, that, whether, on
account of, if, in case, so that,
conj. kīma
because of
the fact that,
since, appiš
because,
otherwise, conj., kūm
because,
so that, that, on account
of the fact, aššum
because of,
concerning, on behalf
of, on account of, with respect to, related to,
aššum
bed,
eršu, gišnû, ḫuralbu, ḫurallu
bed, a
type of bed, dunnu,
kitbarattu
bed,
feature of a bed, dinnû
bed or chair
with a special decoration,
kamuššakku
bed provided
with a side piece,
izzidarû
bed sideboard,
amaru, eŝkirim
bed,
sleeping quarters, kibānu
bed, to
take one’s bed, eršu
bedroom,
eršu, in bīt erši
bedrock,
firm ground, force, fort,
fortified house and area, severity, strength
(physical), power, violence,
foundation, depth, lump, dunnu
bedsheet,
eršu, in ša muḫḫi erši
beer, a
choice kind of beer or wine,
kurunnu
beer, a
diluted, small, watery beer,
ḫīqu
beer, a kind
of beer, ḫammurtu
beer, a
standardized container for beer,
a large vessel of earthenware, metal or stone, kirru
beer, a type
made from emmerwheat,
emmerwheat, dišiptuḫḫu
beer or
barley large container, ḫiburnu
beer, barley
large container housing,
storehouse, ḫiburnu, in bīt ḫiburni
beer
container, a kind of basket, ḫuburtu
beer dregs,
erû, iri’u
beer, first
quality beer, kašmāḫu
beer maker
(a female), alappānu, in
ša alappāni
beer making
malt preparation provisions
for traveling and for other
purposes, isimmānu
beer mash,
agarinnu
beer,
qualifying beer and flour,
adv., ḫalḫallu
beer vat,
a large vat for beer, ḫubūru
beer, watery
type of beer, iblakku
beet,
alūtu, allu’tu, il’ūtu
beetle, dung beetle, chin,
kanzūzu
before,
with, in the presence of,
from, instead of, ašar
behavior,
correct behavior, correct
measure, truth, justice, loyalty, stability,
permanency, kīnātu
behavior,
gait, alaktu
behavior,
rite, way of acting,
pressing of dates, sole of
the foot,
in kibis šēpi,
access, approach,
vestiges, traces, tracks, track (as a physical
feature), steps (made by human
beings, animals, demons, etc.,), walk, gait, path,
path (in metaphoric use),
etc., deduction, allowance, kibsu
behind,
after, dāt
behind,
afterward, to the rear,
arka, arki
behind,
(as a prep. or adv), rear
part (of objects, parts of the body, buildings,
etc.), back of the head,
backside (of
human beings and
animals), nape of the neck, in idiomatic
expressions, replacement, late part
(of the year), later time, kutallu
behind,
backward, afterward, arkiš
behold!
Ellû, illūme
behold,
to behold, see, look at,
amāru
belch,
gišûtu
belch, to
belch, gešû
belly,
lungs (human and animal),
entrails, ḫašû
belly, on the
belly, adv., kabattuma
beloved
(an epithet of goddesses),
honored, worshipped, kanûtu
beloved
object, desirable, supplies,
useful, need, needed materials, lack, necessities,
ḫišiḫtu
beloved or
the like, adj., ḫašduk
beloved,
smoothed, honored (said
ofdeities), adj., kunnû
belt, a type
of leather belt, ḫuzītu
belt,
band, rope, fetter, wisp of
straw to bind a sheaf, kannu
belt,
sash, ḫuṣannu
belt,
string, izḫu
belt, woolen belt or scarf of
special make, išru
bench of a
boat or wagon, gišḫummu
bend,
gabābu
bend, to bend?
kâpu
bend, to
become bent, to curve, to
wrap around, kapāpu
bend, to bend,
to bend down,
to submit to an overlord, a deity, to
submit to a decision, to force into
submission, to make submissive, to bow down, to
construct an incline, to
subject oneself, to make bow, to subjugate, kanāšu
bend, to bend
down completely, to be
curled, to contort, to become contorted, twisted, to
coil, to twist, to make twisted,
contorted, coiled, kanānu
bend, to bend
over, to curl, to
droop, to be curled, kapāṣu
bend, to
blunt, kepû
benediction,
blessing, blessedness
(state of being the object of divine blessings),
kiribtu
benediction,
blessing, money or
goods pledged by a vow to a deity, prayer, ikribu
benefit,
to benefit through
somebody, nēmelu
benevently,
well, carefully,
piously, damqiš
bent,
bowed, kuppupu
bent,
curled, adj., kapṣu
bent,
curved, kabistu
bequeath,
contend for superiority,
deliver promptly, reinforce, make valid, to become
strong, strengthen, to
increase, to speak severely, become stronger, become
even thickness, danānu
bequeath,
to leave a token remnant
of land, document, to make out a legal document, to
abandon, to desert, to
leave, leave behind, to neglect, disregard, to leave
something with or to a
person, to entrust, to reserve, set aside, to leave
behind, to leave to
posterity, to lend money, to divorce, to spare,
leave out, to save, to be
saved, to leave one another, ezēbu
berry, a red
berry, mark, mole,
erimu
berry bush,
dususu
beside,
with, prep., itu
besides,
apart from, ela
besides,
in addition, adv., elat
besides,
apart from, in addition to,
beyond, prep., elat
besides,
in addition, moreover,
furthermore, indeed, as well, appūna
besides,
separately, aḫum
bestow,
to make a present, gêsu
bewitch,
to cast an evil spell,
kašāpu
bewitched
substance, kušāpu
beyond,
prep., ebar
beyond,
above, on, el
beyond, on
the other shore or bank,
aḫullā
beyond, over
and above, not more
than, alla, *illa
beyond,
besides, apart from, in
addition to, prep., elat
Big Dipper,
the constellation
UrsaMajor, cart, cartload, wagon, eriqqu
bin, storage
bin or jar, produce of
a field, yield, išpikū
bind, to bind,
ḫalālu
bind, to
bind hands and feet, to
bind magically, arrest a person, to put a person in
fetters, to be fettered, to
join, to tie objects together, to bond bricks or
blocks of stone, to paralyze
limbs and parts of the body, to demand payment, to
be joined, kasû
bind, to bind,
to make a furrow, to
plant trees, ḫarāšu, ḫašû
bind together,
to tie, to join,
construct buildings, etc., to collect, to compose a
text, to give relief, to
strengthen, to repair, to organize, assemble a body
of soldiers into a military
formation, to form a herd of animals, to make
regulations, to organize a group,
a country, to set up a battle array, to prepare for
battle, to plot evil, to
cluster, gather, concentrate, make compact, to work
for wages, to become
joined, put together, to tie together, to surround
with a fence or net, to
fortify, to assemble, to prepare for battle, to
compact, to assemble, to make
ready for battle, to concentrate, to join together,
to make ready for battle,
to make ready, to gather, to be tied, bound
together, kaṣāru
binder
(name of a demon), e’ēlu
binding by
magic means, *kāsû
binding,
heavy, hard, solid,
strong, thick,
massive, fortified,
steady, loud, legitimate, reliable, powerful,
mighty, great, fierce, savage,
difficult, dangerous, serious, grave, obstinate,
bad, tyrannical, harsh,
urgent, essential, imperative, pressing, dannu
binding,
magic binding? kisâtu
bird, a
bird, amusiggu, anpatu,
ārabānu, argabu, asqīqu, asumatānu, aškikītu, gadû
bird, a
bird, abrammu, adaburtu,
ajû, appānu, awīlānu, dalû, diqdiqqu, dubdubbu, dūdu
bird, a
bird, durummu, enšubu,
erullu, eškinninītu, eššebu, gamgammu, girgilu,
ḫarbaqānu
bird, a
bird, ḫarbu, ḫazû, ḫulālu, ḫuluppu,
ḫumtu, ḫūqu, ḫurinnu, ḫurūgu, ḫusû, ḫutmu, ibbiltu
bird, a
bird, illabrâ, irkabu,
itguru, kakilu, karkarru, kibšu, kuluppû, kupītu,
kurūbu
bird, a bird,
iṣṣūr samēdi
bird, a
bird (foreign word)
bird, a bird,
kapartu, in šāt
kaparti
bird, a bird,
kapru, in šāt kapru
bird, a bird
(lit. a camel-thorn bird),
iṣṣūr ašāgi
bird, a
bird (lit. a jackel bird),
ḫarruḫaja
bird, a bird
(Lit. a marsh bird), iṣṣūr
appari
bird, a bird
(lit. attractive),
kuzbānu
bird, a bird
(lit. bird of the
reed-thicket), iṣṣūr šūri
bird, a bird
(lit. bird of the threshing
floor), iṣṣūr maškani
bird, a bird
(Lit. bird with a crest
like the hair style of the kezretu-woman),
iṣṣūr kezrēti
bird, a bird
(lit. cane bird), iṣṣūr
kīsi
bird, a bird
(lit. crest bird), iṣṣūr
kubši
bird, a bird
(Lit evil bird), iṣṣūr
lemutti
bird, a bird
(lit. garland bird), iṣṣūr
kilīli
bird, a bird
(lit.
It-lies-down-and-pretends-to-be-dead),
ittil-imūt
bird, a bird
(lit. the crested one),
kubšānu
bird, a, bird
(lit. makes kappa),
kappa-ippuš
bird, a bird
(lit. mountain bird), iṣṣūr
šadȋ
bird, a bird
(lit. my cap is
multicolored), a part of the plow, cap (name
of a part of the exta,
especially the apical lobe of the lung), cap of a
seal, headdress, cap, a part
of the human body, kubšu
bird, a bird
(lit. night bird), iṣṣūr
mūši
bird, a bird
(lit. orchard bird), iṣṣūr
kirȋ
bird, a bird
(lit. red bird), iṣṣūru
sāmu
bird, a bird
(lit. rustic bird), iṣṣūr
kīdi
bird, a bird
(lit. the little veiled
one), katīmatu
bird, a bird
(lit. water bird), iṣṣūr
mê
bird, a bird
(lit. wide-winged),
kappu-rapaš
bird, a
bird-shaped rhyton, bird (as
a technical term in extispicy referring to a
bird-shaped grouping), poultry, iṣṣūru[1]
bird, a bird,
butterfly, a
medicinal plant, kurṣiptu
bird, a bird, a snake, eel-like fish, kuppū
bird, a crested bird, ḫasibaru, iṣṣūr ḫāṣibaru
bird, a
crested bird, possibly the wren,
kudurrānu
bird, a green winged insect, ḫanzizītu
bird, a
part of a lung, a
mechanical device, homer, donkey,
male donkey, imēru
bird, aquatic bird (“donkey mare of the
river”), atān nāri
bird, cry of
a bird (an onomatopoeie
rendering of the cry of a bird), kappi
bird, decoy
bird, iṣṣūr tubāqi
bird, female
bird, wooden object, iṣṣūrtu
bird,
francolin, a wild gamebird
like a partridge, ittidû
bird, in the
manner of the ḫaḫḫuru-bird,
adv., ḫaḫḫuratta
bird, like a
bird, adv., iṣṣūriš
bird like the
anzû-bird, anzâniš
bird of the
raven/crow family, ḫaḫḫuru
bird’s nest,
basket, necklace,
obligation (as a legal term), ḫīšu
bird, to divine omens from a bird, iššūru
bird trap,
ḫuḫāru, kilūbu
bird used for
decoy, arru
bird,
worm, a disease, išqippu
bird’s nest
or perch, kinburru
birth, animal
that has given birth,
imikānu
birth, to
give birth, alādu, walādu
birth, to
give birth easily,
charge, to charge (an enemy), straighten up,
to go
straight toward, to thrive, to
prosper, to be or become all right, to move the
bowels, to proceed, to move
straight ahead, to cause to move along a straight or
correct course, to inject
an enema, to make do the right thing, to prepare, to
proceed, march on, to
thrive, prosper, to send, dispatch, to put or keep
in good order, clear up, to
set aright, to provide justice, to give correct
decisions, insure the correct
performance of a ritual, to advance against, to
become successful, to be put in
order, to be fitted out correctly, ešēru
bison,
alimbû, ḫusariqq
bison (as a
mythological creature),
a constellation, kusarikku
bit,
bridle (for a donkey), katappû
bit for a
horse, iškamdi
bitch, female
dog, a leather part of
the plow, kalbatu
bite,
small repast, a bread cake,
kusāpu
biting
insect, a biting insect,
kuzāzu
bitter,
stinking, ḫappu
bitumen,
kupru
black spot
(a disease of barley), black mole,
ḫalû
bladder,
elibbuḫu
blanket, a
blanket? kimmāgatu
blanket or
cover, iškušḫu
blanket or
wrap of linen or wool, ḫullānu,
ḫulīlū
blazing,
āriru
bleating,
gugittu
blessedness
(state of being the object
of divine blessings), blessing, benediction,
kiribtu
blessing,
kirbu, kurbu
blessing,
benediction, money or
goods pledged by a vow to a deity, prayer, ikribu
blessing,
blessedness (state of
being the object of divine blessings), benediction,
kiribtu
blessing,
prayer, karābu
blessing,
to pronounce formulas of
blessing (said of gods and divine powers and
manifestations), to invoke
blessings upon other persons for a specific purpose,
before the images of the
gods, to pronounce formulas of praise, adoration,
homage and greeting, to pray
to the gods, to make the gesture of adoration or
greeting, to dedicate an
offering by pronouncing the relevant formulas,
karābu
blind, or
having an eye defect, ḫuppudu
blind,
perhaps to blind, cause an eye
injury, ḫuppudu
blinkers, film,
membrane,
afterbirth, , ipu
bliss,
state of bliss after death,
artāwa
blister,
excrescence, ḫibšu
block,
exact copy, exact (standard)
measure, track (of the wheel), ḫirṣu
block, in a
block, lump-shaped,
compressed?, compacted? kupputu
block, paving block of a yard, wall or other
construction, facing,
embankment, dam, kisirtu
block, to
dam a river, to lay
across, to make a pavement, kesēru
block, to
block progress, a road,
retain food, urine, etc., cut off, to deny a wish, a
request, deny water for
irrigation, delay, delay a boat, to detain, hold
back a person, to keep in
custody, in confinement, to distrain, to prevent, to
hinder, to withhold,
refuse goods, merchandise, deliveries, to keep,
withhold a document, a tablet,
to withhold a document, tablet, to deny a wish,
request, to withhold tribute,
gifts, to stop, detain, to check an animal, to
reserve, to place at someone’s
disposal, to keep available, to finish, to bring to
an end, to stop, interrupt
doing something, to come to an end, to be finished,
to cease to be delayed with
negation, to do something without ceasing, without
delay, immediately, to stop
repeatedly, to hold up, to hold back, to cause to
detain, to keep someone from
doing something, to hinder, to stop, to cause to
stop, to hold back, to be held
back, to be delayed (referring to persons), to be
confined, to be retained, to
be withheld (referring to objects), to be finished,
to be closed, to remain, to
stay, to be kept away, to cease, to stop, to linger
behind, kalû
blocking of
the water supply in a canal,
dam, kiriktu
blood, bloodshed, slaying, blood money, kin,
damu
blood,
dark red, adamātu
blood,
adamu
blood money,
blood, bloodshed,
slaying, kin, damu
bloodshed,
to shed blood, dame
bloom, to
bloom, ḫanāma
blooming,
adj., *ḫannāmu
blow into
somebody, said of evil
spirits, to inflate, to blow away spirit from dead
body, edēpu
blue or a
shade of green, ḫinziribu
blue shade of
wool, ḫusmānu
blunt, to
chip, trim, ḫesēru
blunt, to
bend, kepû
blunted,
trimmed down, ḫussuru
blur eyes,
stir up, roil water,
disturb, embarrass, denounce, interfere, confuse,
become troubled, dalāḫu
blurred,
confused, cloudy,
disturbed, muddy, dalḫu
blurred,
confused, tangled, ešû
blurring of
the vision, confusion,
ešītu
blurring of
vision, battle,
confusion, ašītu
board,
dibbu
board,
wooden board (as part of a
brick mold, part of a window, etc.), income or dues
registered in a special
ledger orlist on a wooden tablet, kiskirru
board,
wooden board, plate, metal
plate, dappu
boat cabin,
ḫinnu
boat made of
inflated skins, kibarru
boat, part of
the construction of a boat,
iskarû
boat,
ship, elippu
boat, sides
(of a boat), around,
circumference, confines, region, territory,
alongside, adjacent to, border,
border line, alongside, itû
body, inside
of the body, liver?,
emotions, thoughts, mind, spirit, kabattu
body part,
kakammatu, kamkissu
body part,
a decoration, a log,
kiplu
body part of
animal, ḫabšūtu
body part of animal, ḫani, in DIŜ-ḫāni
body part,
of human or animal,
gabbu, gannu,
ḫamurītu
body part of
a human, gubgubu, kurru
body part,
part of the human body, a
bird (lit. my cap is multicolored), a part of the
plow, cap (name of a part of
the exta, especially the apical lobe of the lung),
cap of a seal, headdress,
cap, kubšu
bodily trait,
a characteristic bodily trait, adj.,
*gullulu, gurruru, gurruṣu, ḫašḫašu,
ḫubbuṣu, ḫuggulu, bodily trait,
a
characteristic bodily trait, adj., ḫurrušu,
ḫuṣṣubu, *ḫuzzuḫu, ḫuzzulu
bodily trait,
a characteristic bodily
trait, adj., defective (said of objects),
ḫubbušu, ḫunnunu, ḫuššulu
boil, red
boil, fruit of the
strawberry tree, girgiššu
boil, or
skin growth, kuzillatu
boils, a
person afflicted with red
boils, girgiššu, in ša girgišši
bolt,
gāmiru
bond a wall,
to attach gold
ornaments, ḫatû
bond,
fetter, an intestinal disease,
kīsu
bond (of a
mountain, wall), anger,
feature of the exta, joint of the human or animal
body, payment in kind for
services or taxes, rent payment, team of workmen or
experts, troop, contingent
of soldiers, knot made for magic purposes, wrath,
structure, mountain fastness,
concentration, strength, joint, node, knot of a
plant, section of a text or
region, possessions, treasures, stricture of the
alimentary canal, obstruction
in a canal, lump, meterorite?, clasp, handle, an
astronomical term, kiṣru
bond, to bond
bricks or blocks of stone,
to bind, to bind hands and feet, to bind magically,
arrest a person, to put a
person in fetters, to be fettered, to join, to tie
objects together, to
paralyze limbs and parts of the body, to demand
payment, to be joined, kasû
bonds,
captivity, kamītu
bone, ankle bone, an ornament, probably in
the shape of an astragal, kiṣallu
bone,
frame of the body, a measure,
eṣemtu
bookkeeper,
ḫamarakara
boor, coarse,
boorish man, aḫurrû
boorish,
to act boorishly, nuwā’ūtu
booty,
captive, loot, prisoner of
war, robbery, ḫubtu
booty,
conquest, prisoner of war,
seizure (by a disease, demons), acquisition, assets,
kišittu
booty,
spoils, gain, profits, ḫimṣātu
booty or
income from a secular or a temple office,
property, lot, portion,
share (a portion of land, or booty, assigned by lot,
lot, fortune, power,
special qualification, emblem, isqu
border,
arm, arm or handle of an
instrument, side, edge, span or fathom (a measure),
bracelet, wing, strength,
idu
border,
border line, adjacent to,
alongside, territory, region, confines,
circumference, sides (of a boat),
around, alongside, itû
border
boundary stone, to establish
a border by means of a boundary stone, to set up a
boundary stone, kadāru
border,
edge, a part of the
constellation Cygnus, kumāru
border,
northern border, ištānānu
border path,
path forming a border
between fields, giridû
border wall,
ḫalwu
borderline,
design, plan, iṣratu
born in the
month kinūnu, adj., kinūnû
borrow, to
borrow, ḫabātu
borrow,
to owe, to acquire on
credit, assume financial obligation, ḫabālu
both,
two, pair, pron. kilallān
bother,
to crush, to step into
something unclean accidentally, to step upon
something on purpose, defeat an
enemy, to make people do work, to press people, to
stamp out a fire, to
suppress noise, to make compact, to full cloth, to
let time pass, to stride, to
walk upon, to pace off, to make regulations, to come
in, to exert oneself, to
put pressure upon a person, to drop a claim, a case,
to forgive, pardon a sin,
to put reciprocal pressure on each other, to allow
to walk about, to trample,
to make a road or ramp by compressing and stamping
the soil, to make
concessions, to submit oneself, kabāsu
bothersome,
to become difficult,
lethargic, massive, fat, to
become
heavy, rich, to become painful, to become important,
honored, to hatch (said of
a bird), to honor a person, to show respect, to give
honor, to pay respect to
gods, to parents, to respect an oath, to aggravate,
make difficult, etc., to
extinguish a fire, to be honored, to underline the
importance of, to make
heavy, kabātu
bottle,
or a cup, ḫubšašu
bottom (of
the interior of a container
or of the exterior of an object), family,
assurance of continuation of a
family, social status or position, discipline of an
army, foundation of a
building, wall, gate, etc., foundation of a reign or
government, base,
administrative or political reorganization
(of a country or city), support, potstand, base of a
tree, root of plants or parts
of the body and the exta, lower extremities, stance,
horizon, damp course, išdu
bough, leafy
bough, ḫassu
bound,
fettered, adj., kasû
bound
together, to compact, make
compact, to make ready, make ready for battle, to
fortify, to surround with a
fence or net, put together, work for wages, to
cluster, gather, organize, to organize a
group, strengthen, to repair, to
give relief, to compose a text, collect, construct,
to construct buildings,
etc., join, to tie, bind together, assemble a body
of soldiers into a military
formation, to form a herd of animals, to make
regulations, a country, to set up
a battle array, to prepare for battle, to plot evil,
concentrate, to become
joined, to tie together, to assemble, to prepare for
battle, to assemble, to
make ready for battle, to concentrate, to join
together, to be tied, kaṣāru
boundary,
limit, acquisition,
assets, kišdu
boundary stone, to establish a
border by means of a boundary stone, to set up
a boundary stone, kadāru
boundary,
territory, plan, outline
of a building, kisurrû
bovine, an
exotic bovine, apasû
bow, to bow
down, to make bow, to
bend, to bend down, to
submit to an
overlord, a deity, to
submit to a
decision, to force into submission, to make
submissive, to construct an
incline, to subject oneself, to subjugate, kanāšu
bow case, quiver, išpatu
bowed,
bent, kuppupu
bowl, a bowl, ḫirsu
bowl, a
bowl made of metal or stone,
ašhalu
bowl, a large bowl, agannu
bowl, a metal
bowl, kīšu
bowl, a small bowl, diqārutu
bowl, a small
bowl-shaped vessel,
possibly with a lid, kalkallû
bowl, a
type of bowl, apisāmūš
bowl of stone
or metal, trough (for
water or beer, often made of bitumen-coated reeds),
kuninnu
bowl or
container, kurkurru
bowl, or
goblet, dapi’u
bowl or
platter, kāru
bowl, part of
a bowl, crucible?, kittu
bowl, shallow
bowl (as the dish of a
scale, blade of an oar, bowl of the seeder of a
plow, etc.), spoon (for eating,
dipping up ointments), a salve, itquru
bowl, small ḫubunnu bowl, ḫubunnītu
bowl, usable
as a lamp-bowl, ḫubunnu
bowl,
(usually of metal), kappu
bowl with round bottom for serving and
heating, diqāru
bowls, to
inject an enema, to move
the bowels, to put or keep in good order, to be put
in order, to advance
against, to become successful, proceed, to be fitted
out correctly, justice, to
provide justice, dispatch, send, insure the correct
performance of a ritual, to
make do the right thing, thrive, to prosper, clear up, to give birth easily, to
charge (an enemy), straighten
up, to go
straight toward, to thrive, to
prosper, to be or become all right, to proceed, to
move straight ahead, to
cause to move along a straight or correct course, to
prepare, to march on, to
set aright, to give correct decisions, ešēru
box,
container, specific kind of chair, vessel,
storehouse, storeroom, raft
(kelek), silo, truncated pyramid, excavation (as a
geometrical term), kalakku
box, made
of metal, wood, or reed,
ashalu
box, or
chest, altapipu -(from
Hurrian)
box, wooden box or case, ḫabaraḫḫu
boxthorn,
eddetu
bracelet,
edge, border, arm, arm or
handle of an instrument, side, span or fathom (a
measure), wing, strength, idu
braid?,
of wool, kunšu
braided,
girt, joined, linked, kiṣṣuru
braided wire
or torque of gold, used
as jewelry and for suspending jewelry, wire cable of
bronze, a special type of
garment, perhaps a scarf, also a kind of colored
thread or braid, guḫaṣṣu
bramble,
amaridu
bramble,
disease of the eyes,
amurdinnu
branch, a branch, ḫarinû
branch,
shelf, staff, stick,
scepter, twig, ḫaṭṭu
branch, small branch of a canal, atappu
branches,
brush, appaḫu
brand,
star-shaped brand,
star-shaped ornament, star symbol, kakkabtu
brave, to act bravely, mutūtu
brave one,
allallû
brave one,
warrior, ālilu, ēlilu,
fem., āliltu, ēliltu
brazier,
garakku
brazier, a
small brazier of clay or
metal, ḫuluppaqqu
brazier,
crucible, for metal and
glass, kiln, kūru
brazier,
stove, kiln, a ritual
performed with the kinūnu
festival
during which the ritual is performed, month of the
festival, name of a demon,
kinūnu
bread, a kind of bread, diru’u, ḫuḫurtu
bread cake,
bite, small repast,
kusāpu
bread, type
of bread or cake of
characteristic shape, kukku
bread, flat,
thin bread (used to
transfer food to the mouth), kusīpu
bread flour,
a kind of bread flour, dinû
bread for
ritual purposes (in the
form of an ear), ḫasistu
bread, loaf of bread, akalu, aklu, *gariṣtu
bread made of
isqūqu-flour, flour, a
kind of flour, isqūqu
bread, or
a kind of cake, kubbušu
bread, round
loaf of bread, kakkartu
bread, round
loaf of bread, metal
disk weighing one talent, kakkaru
break,
gully, cut-off piece, panic,
anxiety, ḫīpu
break (a
tablet), destroy an object,
divide, demolish, cut wood trees, crush, to smash, invalidate
(a document), hurt, injure, ruin,
repudiate (an agreement), split in half, wreck, to
break off, to break into, ḫepû
break a
tablet, murder, smite,
fight, defeat, to be killed, execute, kill, to kill
a person or animal, dâku
break into,
break (a tablet), to
break off, to destroy an object, divide, demolish,
cut wood trees, crush, to
smash, invalidate
(a document), hurt,
injure, ruin, repudiate (an agreement), split in
half, wreck, ḫepû
break into
pieces, chop, to chop up,
ḫabāšu
break off a
piece, to chip, to trim
(wood), kasāpu
break off (a
piece of wood, cane, a
bone, etc.,), to break up a herd, to pinch
off, to pinch off clay, to stampede,
to slander, karāṣu
break off,
to strike, to cut off,
karātu
breaking?
kāṣibu
breast,
breastbone, breast strap (of
a harness), chest, pectoral, scute (of a snake), a
type of song, irtu
briar, a kind
of brier, a kind of
stone, ḫandabillu
briar, a plant of the briar group, ḫandašpiru
bribe,
gift, present, offering,
kadrû
brick,
baked brick, epertu
brick,
half-brick, arhu
brick,
kiln-fired brick, agurru,
erimtu
brick mold,
wooden board (as part of a
brick mold, part of a window, etc.), income or
dues registered in a special
ledger orlist on a wooden tablet, kiskirru
brick pile,
amaru, emēru
brick pile,
to pile up bricks, amāru
bride,
ḫadaššatu
bride,
sister-in-law,
wife of a son living in his father’s
household, daughter-in-law, kallatu
bridegroom,
ḫadaššu , ḫandašānu, ḫašāšu
bridegroom,
brother-in-law,
son-in-law, relative by marriage, ḫatānu
bridegroom,
person asking for
favors, ērišu
bridegroom,
marriage, person taking
a woman in marriage, āḫizānu
bridegroom,
status of a bridegroom, ḫadaššūtu
bride,
ḫibabītu
bridge,
floating bridge toll
(payable for the passage of a boat through a
floating bridge), gisru
bridge
official, official in charge of a bridge,
gišru, in rab gišri
bridle,
bit, (for a donkey), katappû
brier, a
kind of brier, gabgabu
briers,
ḫištu
bright,
shining, adj., *ḫelû
brilliant, to
make brilliant,
copulate, to make love, to be merry, to shine, ḫelû
brilliantly,
in a pure fashion,
elliš
bring, to
bring in (barley, persons,
animals, documents or objects), to gather in
barley, to collect, assemble
persons, to be assembled, stationed, to gather
animals and objects, to prepare
for burial, to collect, to place, to be
gathered, to be finished, kamāsu
bring
people/animals, guide, to
lead, to rule, to steer a boat, to have brought,
send, guide safely, arû
bring
something to enter a house,
city, penetrate, to invade, to come (of taxes or
months), to enter, to enter
into the king or god’s presence, to return, to
arrive, to go home, erēbu
bring, to
have a person brought,
šūbuku
bring
information, news, orders,
tēmu (used with abalu
bring
greetings, culmu
broken,
bent, etqu
broken,
crumbled?, hewn, ḫuppû
broken (said
of reeds), ḫaṣṣaṣu
broken,
smashed, dīšu
broken,
split, halved, adj., ḫepu
bronze,
gû
bronze attachement on chariot reins,
kamūsaš
bronze
arrowhead, ḫutpu
bronze
container, ḫuḫpu
bronze object,
ḫattu, iššimanna
bronze
vessel, a bronze vessel,
kuldu
brother-in-law,
son-in-law,
bridegroom, relative by marriage, ḫatānu
brotherly
relationship, aḫḫūtu
brush pile,
abru
brush,
woodland, ḫilbu
bubble, spring, eye, pebble, eye-shaped pebble (of
precious stone), wheel hub, net
interstice, hole (of a kiln), īnu
buck, (said
of gazelles and goats),
daššu
bucket,
dālu
bucket,
small bucket, dulû
buffalo?
Alap kīši
build,
construct, cultivate,
manufacture, to practice witchcraft, treat person or
thing, perform a
divination, a ritual, to plant, permit (said of
gods), to proceed, act, to act,
be active, is, happens, epēšu
builder,
house builder, itinnu
building,
a building?, kadammu, kunaḫi
building,
an outbuilding made of
less durable material, asuppu
building,
an outbuilding, asuptu
building for
storing dates, kumurrû,
in bīt kumurrê
building
outline, plan, territory, boundary,
kisurrû
building part,
apilḫa
building,
rear building (for storage
and other purposes), kutallu, in bīt kutalli
building wing,
edakku
built on
(said of a house),
adjusted, cultivated, wrought, finished, epšu
bundle,
īlu
bundle of
straw, kulupinnu
burgomaster,
headman, mayor, chief
magistrate of a town, quarter of a large city,
village or large estate, ḫazannu
burn, to burn,
scorch, to char wood,
to set fire to, kabābu
business trip,
caravan, journey,
march, military campaign,
path, road, expeditionary force, travel provisions,
girru
bull, a
choice bull, gumāḫu
bull, as a
mythological being, alû
bull colossus with human head, aladlammû
bull in care
of herdsman, gudnagadû
bull of
extraordinary size, gugallu
bull of heaven, elû
bull
sacrifice, to sacrifice a bull,
alpu-a
bundle,
package, ḫuršiānu
burn, to
be inflamed, to make glow,
set aglow, to heat, cause fever, make feverish,
restless, ḫamātu
burning, glowing, adj., kabbu
burn scarred,
person scarred with burns,
a type of heater, išātu, in sa išāti
burning,
kibbu
bushy, to be
bushy (said of hair),
to be puffy, swell (as a symptom), ḫesû
business,
to do business, nadānu u
mahāru, ṣabûtu, ṣubûtu
business,
to take care of business
assets, bābtu
but,
rather, alla
butt, to
gore, genû
butcher, a
butcher? kāpiru[2]
butcher,
to butcher, garāšu
butcher,
to butcher a kid, urīṣu
butterfly?,
kurmittu
butterfly,
a bird, a medicinal
plant, kurṣiptu
buy, to
buy, maḫiru, šīmāti
buyer,
kapsû
[1]
Akkadian, iṣṣūru,
bird (as a
technical term in extispicy referring to a
bird-shaped grouping), poultry,
French, oiseau,
bird, Hittite, suwais
(?), bird, Italian, uccello,
bird, Etruscan oiso (OISO).
[2]
Note: Akkadian, kāpiru,
to
butcher, Latin comprendo-prendere-prendi-prensum,
to
grasp, to take together, unite, hence to
mebrace, include, to take firmly,
seize, Italian, capire, to understand, French,
comprendre, to understand,
Etruscan, cape, caper, capere, caperi, kapire,
kapirus (KAPIRVS). There may be
a connection here.
cake, a bread cake,
bite, small repast,
kusāpu
cake, a kind of cake or bread, kubbušu
cake, a sweetened cake, kamānu
cake, a type
of cake or bread of
characteristic shape, kukku[1]
cage, esēru, in bīt esēri
calamity,
darkness, misfortune,
obscurement, adirtu, idurtu, hidirtu, edirtu
calamity,
dibiru
calamity,
catastrophe, kurullu
calamity,
evil deed, damage, wrong,
ruins of a city, misfortune, ḫibiltu
calamity of
some kind, ḫābu
calamity,
loop, loop-like formation
on the exta, snare, kippu
calf of the
leg, knee, shin,
leggings, a measure of length, support, part of a
lock, kimṣu
calumny, one
who spreads calumny,
karriṣu
calumny,
unfounded accusation, karṣu
camel, gammalu
camel,
Arabian camel, dromedary,
ibilu
camel hump, gungulīpu
camels, she-camels, anaqāte
camp,
encampment of an army,
expeditionary force, campaigning army, karašu
canal dam,
blocking of the water supply in a canal,
kiriktu
canal bank, bank of a river, ditch, rim
of a pot, edge of a well, sea shore, amulet or piece
of jewelry worn around the
neck, string of beads, throat (of a human being, a
god, or an animal, ofen
including the head and shoulders), neck, necklace,
neck scarf, etc., kišādu
canal,
ditch, moat, ḫirītu
canal
inspector, tax payable to the
canal inspector, gugallu
canal or
ditch, ḫālilu
canal,
regulated water in a canal,
kirku
canal, river, ikišiītu
canebreak,
kaba’u, kupû
cap, cap
(name of a part of the
exta, especially the apical lobe of the lung), cap
of a seal, headdress, a part
of the plow, name of a bird, lit., my cap is
multicolored, a part of the human
body, kubšu
capital, business
capital, caravan,
journey, trip, business trip, road, path, highway,
travel, venture, military
campaign, expedition, raid, expeditionary force,
army, corvée work, service
unit, times (math term), ḫarrānu
capital (kept
in a bag, to be used for
business transactions), leather bag for stone
weights and for a merchant’s
silver, silver kept in a bag for deposit banking,
treasury, kīsu
captive,
booty, loot, prisoner of
war, robbery, ḫubtu
captive,
blocked, adj., esru
captive,
captured, kamû
captive, like
a captive, adv., kamiš
captive,
prisoner, kalû
captive
foreigner, prisoner of war,
asīru
captive,
prisoner compound, asīru in
bit asīrī
captive,
state of being captive,
*kamûtu
captive,
to take captive, enclose,
to become enclosed, confine, to shut in, to channel
water, to stifle a cry, to
become constricted, esēru
captive,
woman of low status, asirtu
captivity,
asīrūtu, kasûtu, kimītu
captivity,
bonds, kamītu
captivity,
imprisonment, finale of a
song, kīlu
capture, to
capture, to capture or
defeat an enemy, to overcome, to ensnare, in
transferred meanings and magical
contexts, to attach (as a technical term), kamû
captured,
captive, kamû
caravan, a
caravan, organized as a
military detachment, concentrated, kaṣru
caravan,
arriving caravan, entrance
tax, ēribtu
caravan,
business trip, journey,
march, military campaign,
path, road, expeditionary force, travel provisions,
girru
caravan,
donkey caravan, kanšu
caravan,
journey, trip, business
trip, road, path, highway, travel, venture, business
capital, military
campaign, expedition, raid, expeditionary force,
army, corvée work, service
unit, times (math term), ḫarrānu
caravan
leader, ḫarrānu, in bēl ḫarrāni
caravan,
pack, ellatu
carbuncle,
embers, gurāru
carbuncle,
ember, pustule, kurāru
carbuncles,
person affected with
carbuncles, kurāru, in sa gurāri
Carchemish,
from Carchemish, karkamisû
care, to care
for something or somebody,
to be aware of, versed in something, familiar with,
to be experienced, to know
something or somebody, to take cognizance of, to be
unfamiliar with, to be
unused to, to be unable to, to disregard, to
neglect, , knowingly, intentionally,
unwittingly, unconsciously, in a daze, to mark, to
inform, to make known,
reveal, to recognize, identify, to assign, to be
recognized, revealed,
appointed, to announce, proclaim, to make
recognizable, to mark, to assign, idû
care, to take
care of,
explore, investigate, penetrate into,
trace, search, to survey, examine, watch over, to
weigh out, pay, ḫâṭu
cared for,
taken care of, ašru
care for,
to think of a person (said
of gods and kings = to care for, to be pious, diety,
to think of a deity = to
heed a diety, to think of a person (said of gods and
kings = to care for, to be
mindful of, remember, to be mindul of something, to
listen to somebody, to
refer to something/somebody, to refer to
something/somebody, to mention, to be
intelligent, understanding, to plan, to remind, to
study, investigate, to
worry, to remind, to give information, to pay
attention, to be concerned,
worried, ḫasāsu
carefully,
benevently, well,
piously, damqiš
careless,
to be neglectful of duty,
egû
carelessness,
negligence, egûtu
caress,
to caress, ḫabābu
caretaker (of
animals kept for
fattening), fattener, kuruštû, in ša kuruštē
caretaker,
to act as a caretaker or
a provider, zāninūtu
carob,
ḫârūbu
carob,
false specie of a carob,
dadānu
carpet, a specification of a carpet or
cover, possibly a color (Hurrian
word, kulinaš)
carrier,
forwarding agent, ḫarrānu,
in ša ḫārrānati
cart,
cartload, wagon, the
constellation UrsaMajor or Big Dipper, eriqqu
cart,
part of a cart, akuttu
carver of
reliefs, ēṣiru, ka’urraku
case,
dababābu
case,
lawsuit, claim, court,
judgement, decision, law, law article, verdict,
punishment, legal
practice, dīnu
cast, to
throw, etc., to lay a
foundation, to put an object in place, to
set, to set up, karāru
catastrophe,
calamity, kurullu
catastrophe,
slaughter, annihilation,
karašû
catchwater at
a well, well, kuppu
cattle shed,
alpu, in bīt alpi
cattle shed
official, alpu in ša bīt
alpi
caught in a
trap or net?, kumiru
cauldron,
metal cauldron, kiūru
caulker, a
caulker, tool, kāpiru
causeway,
nose, tip, crown, end,
rim, edge, spur of land, appu
cavity,
hole, ḫuptu
caw, to
croak, ḫuqqu
cease, to
come to an end? kâdu
cease, to
cease, to do something
without ceasing, to cease to be delayed with
negation, without delay,
immediately, to stop, to cause
to
stop, to stop repeatedly, to detain, delay a boat,
withhold a document, a
tablet, withhold, refuse, goods, merchandise,
deliveries, to withhold tribute,
hinder, to prevent, to distrain, keep in custody, in
confinement, hold
back a person, delay, to detain, to
keep, to deny a wish, a request, to deny a wish,
request, gifts, to cut off,
deny water for irrigation, to retain food, urine,
etc., to block progress, a
road, to check an animal, to reserve, to place at
someone’s disposal, to keep
available, to finish, to bring to an end, to stop,
interrupt doing something,
to come to an end, to be finished, to hold up, to
hold back, to cause to
detain, to keep someone from doing something, to
hinder, to hold back, to be
held back, to be delayed (referring to persons), to
be confined, to be
retained, to be withheld (referring to objects), to
be finished, to be closed,
to remain, to stay, to be kept away, to linger
behind, kalû
cedar, a kind
of cedar, ḫašurru
cedar tree
(tree, wood, and resin;
tree sacred to the gods), erenu
ceiling,
heaven, cover, wrap,
sheath, sky, ermu
celebrate,
to celebrate, nigūtu
cella,
chapel (as a specific part of
a sanctuary, also a term for a temple), kiṣṣu
cella,
private room, kummu
cereal, a
cereal, abuhuru, arsu,
ersuppu, gulbūtu, kurangu
cereal, a
cereal, a kind of apple,
arsuppu
cereal, a
cereal, an insect,
kulilītu
cereal, a
cereal and a dish made
from it, gajātu
cereal, a
kind of cereal, enninnu,
kinītu
cereal, a
kind of wild cereal,
dišarru
cereal, a
wild-growing cereal, ḫublillu
cereal, a
wild-growing cereal or
grass, imikkarūru
cereal and a prepared cereal, ka’ātu
cereal dish,
a preparation of
cereals, galteniwa
cereal preparation, (Hurrian word, kušupḫa)
certainly, evidently, adv., kīša
certificate of assignment, assignment,
assigned working
material (for a crafsman), task, duty, share
(assigned to an official), isiḫtu
certify,
to certify, to confirm, to be
confirmed, to testify, to make a
statement as a witness, to act as a witness, to
establish as true by means of
witnesses, to organize, to put in order, to place
parts of a construction in
correct position, to be firm in place, to assign a
person to a position, an
office, assign good fortune a calamity, etc., to
assign fields, houses,
staples, etc., to levy taxes, to lay out a
watercourse, a boundary, to erect a
wall, a building, a city, to
establish the foundation of a building, to establish
regular deliveries and
offerings, etc., to establish laws, regulations,
rituals, fame, to set up a
stela, a boundary stone, an inscription, an image, to
establish (in math and astronomy),
reliable, be loyal, to be well disciplined, correct, to place an object correctly or in a
specific place (said of
ritual and votive objects, of tablets, food, and
other objects), honest,
endure, to remain in effect, to last, to be secure
(said of a foundation), a
rule, a position, to remain stationary (said of
planets), to remain
quantitatively constant, to impose tribute, a fine,
to organize, to put in
order, to grant, to maintain and preserve the rule,
the life of a person, the
safety of an object, the permanence of a city, etc.,
kânu
chaff, chopped straw, ḫabšu
chaff,
husk, awn, iltu
chain,
ḫarḫaru
chair,
kuza’u
chair,
(Hurrian word, kišḫi)
chair, a
chair? kaḫšu
chair, an
ornate chair, durgarû
chair-bearer,
official, guzalû
chair-bearer,
official, female,
guzalûtu
chair décor
of copper and leather,
(a mounting using leather and copper), girratu
chair or bed
with a special decoration,
kamuššakku
chair,
sedan chair, throne, rule,
dominion, royal property and service, a feature of
the exta, name of a month,
saddle, part of a chariot or a plow, kussû
chair,
specific kind of chair,
container, box,
vessel, storehouse,
storeroom, raft (kelek), silo, truncated pyramid,
excavation (as a geometrical
term), kalakku
chameleon,
ḫurbabillu
chameleon,
a marine animal, ajar
ili, jar ili, ajarillu, jarillu
chameleon,
a tree and its fruit, ḫulamēsu
change,
to displace, to shift, to
invert, to revoke terms, commands, retract,
substitute, alternate, interchange,
replace one another, to be revoked, enû
change,
to turn into, ewû
changed,
inû
channel water, to take captive, enclose, to
become enclosed, confine, to
shut in, to stifle a cry, to become constricted,
esēru
chapel,
jāku
chapel, a
chapel, kūbu
chapel (as a
specific part of a
sanctuary, also a term for a temple), cella,
kiṣṣu
chapel or
cult socle, kikurrû
char, to char
wood, to
burn, scorch, to set fire to, kabābu
characteristic,
feature, sign, mark,
diagram, omen, ominous, sign, password, signal,
inside information, notice,
acknowledgment, written proof, ittu
character
trait, describing a
character trait, adj., jaḫudû
charcoal burner, kuttimmu
charcoal
burner?, kuttimmatu
charge,
to charge (an enemy),
straighten up, to
go straight toward, to
thrive, to prosper, to be or become all right, to
move the bowels, to proceed,
to move straight ahead, to cause to move along a
straight or correct course, to
inject an enema, to make do the right thing, to
prepare, to proceed, march on,
to thrive, prosper, to give birth easily, to send,
dispatch, to put or keep in
good order, clear up, to set aright, to provide
justice, to give correct
decisions, insure the correct performance of a
ritual, to advance against,
tobecome successful, to be put in order, to be
fitted out correctly, ešēru
chariot, a
type of chariot, ḫulukannu
chariot and
plow share part, kissu
chariot driver, appati, in mukīl appāti
chariot
driver, ašâtu, in mukīl
ašâti
chariot
footboard, girigubbu
chariot part,
a part of a chariot, gungubu, ḫabad,
ḫetennu, ḫutnû, kalammu,
kammakku, kimek
chariot part,
a part of a chariot,
kušuḫannu
chariot part,
a part of a chariot
made of a special wood and the wood itself, ḫalmadru
chariot part,
part of a chariot or a
plow, probably the two lateral pieces of the chariot
frame underneath the
running board, kabillu
chariot part,
or part of a plow,
month name, saddle, rule, royal property and
service, throne, a feature of the
exta, dominion, chair, sedan chair, kussû
chariot pole
part, part of a house
contruction, ḫurdatu
chariot
protective structure,
gabagallu
chariot reins
attachement made of bronze,
kamūsaš
chariot team
member, Hanigalbat
native, ḫanigalbatu
charioteer?
Assāru
charm,
attractiveness, abundance,
luxuriance, vigor, kuzbu
charm,
designation of a stone charm,
medicinal plant,
kakkusakku
charm, full
of charm, luxuriant,
kuzzubu
charm, stone
used as a charm, ḫusīgu
chase, to
chase away, to finish
completely, to get hold of (in various shades of
meaning), to attain old age,
to obtain a wish, knowledge, good health, luck, a
friend, to obtain possession
of objects, merchandise, etc., to seize (said of
diseases, evil spirits,
misfortunes, etc.), to surprise (in the act), to
arrest a fugitive, a criminal,
to be victorious, to defeat an enemy, to conquer a
country, a city, to find, to
be sufficient, to approach ( a person, an
authority), with a claim, a
complaint, to
amount to, to
reach, to reach and equal in value, arrive
(said of a moment in time), to capture an enemy, to
win a case, pursue, to
drive away, drive into exile, to disinherit, to
drive away evil spirits, to
remove sins, etc., to make a journey, to drive
(horses), to approach someone,
to defeat an enemy, to conquer, to raid, to make
prisoner, to seize, to send,
to pertain to property, to a right, etc., kašādu
chasuble
(garment), irtu, in muḫḫi irti
chatter, rumble, to roar, ḫadādu
check,
control, organize, marshall
forces, muster, to provide food rations, instruct,
be mustered, ašāru
check an
animal, to block progress,
a road, retain food, urine, etc., cut off, to deny a
wish, a request, deny water
for irrigation, delay, delay a boat, to detain, hold
back a person, to keep in
custody, in confinement, to distrain, to prevent, to
hinder, to withhold,
refuse goods, merchandise, deliveries, to keep,
withhold a document, a tablet,
to withhold a document, tablet, to deny a wish,
request, to withhold tribute,
gifts, to stop, detain, to reserve, to place at
someone’s disposal, to keep
available, to finish, to bring to an end, to stop,
interrupt doing something,
to come to an end, to be finished, to cease to be
delayed with negation, to do
something without ceasing, without delay,
immediately, to stop repeatedly, to
hold up, to hold back, to cause to detain, to keep
someone from doing
something, to hinder, to stop, to cause to stop, to
hold back, to be held back,
to be delayed (referring to persons), to be
confined, to be retained, to be
withheld (referring to objects), to be finished, to
be closed, to remain, to
stay, to be kept away, to cease, to stop, to linger
behind, kalû
check list,
choice, inspection,
inventory, amirtu
checked,
accounted for, amru
cheekbone,
jaw (upper and lower),
isu
cheer,
feel good, to be elated,
exhuberant, flourishing, to acclaim, ḫabāṣu
cheese,
eqīdu
cheese made
from sheep’s milk,
gubnatu
chest,
breast, breastbone, pectoral,
breast strap (of a harness), scute (of a snake), a
type of song, irtu
chest,
coffer, cashbox, coffin,
arānu
chest or
box, altapipu -(from
Hurrian)
chew up,
to gnaw, kasāsu
chick pea,
a single chick pea, ḫallurtu
chick peas,
chick pea plant, a
weight, one-tenth of a shekel, ḫallūru
chief,
igiṣigallatu
chief justice,
dikuggallu
chief kāṣiru
specializing in making kubšu
headgear, kāṣiru, in rab kāṣir
kubšē
chief of a
detachment of light troops,
kallābu, in rab kallābī
chief of the
kurgarru (actors), an
official, kurgarrû,
in rabi kurgarri
chief of the
lamentation priests,
chief singer of dirges in the temple, kalamāḫu
chief of the
prison, kīlu, in rab
bīt kīli
chief of the
storage area, karamu,
in rab karammi
chief warden,
enungallu
child,
dirku
child,
descendance, posterity, darku
child,
(foreign word), ḫajanu
child, infant child, ginû
child,
offspring, fruit, fruit tree,
inbu
child,
posthumous child, ḫurdu
child,
premature or stillborn,
monstrous shape, a demon, kūbu
child, small
child, small, adj.
daqqu, edaqqu
child,
suckling child, *eniqu
child,
term for child, apadu
chill,
cold, cold weather, cold
season, frost, winter, ague (as disease), kuṣṣu
chills,
shivers of fear, hoarfrost, ḫurbāšu
chin,
dung beetle, kanzūzu
chip of wood,
a part or product of
the palm tree, a cut-off piece of wood, ḫuṣābu
chip, to
blunt, trim, ḫesēru
chip, to chip, break off a piece, to trim
(wood), kasāpu
chipped,
ḫasru
chirp, to
hum, murmur, (said of
water), low, ḫabābu
choice thing,
beauty, darling,
treasure, recommendation, prosperity, profit, grace,
favor (divine) grace,
gratitude, fame, fortune, good fortune, good luck,
well-being, fortune, dumqu
chop or cut
herbs, cut down trees,
to cut wood, to cut weeds, kasāmu
chop, to
break into pieces, to chop
up, ḫabāšu
chop, to
chop, gadādu
chop, to chop
vegetables, ḫašû
chopped,
cut up, pulled,
weeded, kasmu
Cimmerian,
gimirraja
circle around,
to entwine, to wind
around each other, to form coils, roll up, to wrap,
to be entwined, to gather
against somebody, kapālu
circle,
circumference of a circle,
circumference, totality, hoop, tendril, loop,
kippatu
circlet,
headband, battlements,
kilīlu
circuit,
to make a circuit around a
track, sibsāte
circumference,
itûtu
circumference,
confines, sides (of a
boat), region, territory, alongside, adjacent to,
border, border line, around,
alongside, itû
circumference
of a circle,
circumference, circle, totality, hoop, tendril,
loop, kippatu
circumvallation,
fortified area
within a city, citadel, enclosure wall of a
sanctuary, kirḫu
citadel,
fortified area within a
city, circumvallation, enclosure wall of a
sanctuary, kirḫu
citizen ship
of, or social status as a
native of Hanigalbat, ḫanigalbatūtu
city dweller,
ālu, in ša
libbi āli
city dweller,
citizen, village
dweller, ālû, āliu, ālaju, fem. ālajītu
city,
fortified area within a city,
enclosure wall of a sanctuary, circumvallation,
citadel, kirḫu
city gate,
amumunna
city moat?,
ḫurḫuru
city quarter
destined for traders and
sailors, harbor, harbor district, mooring
place, quay-wall, embankment,
trading station, community of merchants, price of a
unit of merchandise, karû
claim, court, judgement, decision, law, law
article, case, lawsuit,
verdict, punishment, legal practice,
dīnu
city, region
outside a city,
outside, open country, kīdu
city wall,
supporting wall along a
building, a terrace, kisû
claim or
claimant, enimgallu
claim, to
have a claim (against
somebody), to have, to own, išû
claimant,
ēlû
claimed,
adj., eršu
clamor,
rumor, loud cry, din,
uproar, ikkillu
clamor,
uproar, ḫabarratu
clan,
tribe, ḫibru
clan,
kinship group, confederates,
clique, cohorts, crew, army, host, troops (of the
enemy), donkey caravan
of commerce, collegium, pack of dogs, illatu
clap down,
to cover, to clap down (said of a
trap), to cover with garments,
etc., to cover tightly, to cover, close, veil (the
eyes, the face, the lips,
etc., to cover with earth, etc., to be covered,
clothed, to be clothed, to
provide with clothing, covered, to cover the body,
to cover with dust, sand,
(the sky) with smoke, etc to overwhelm, to
constrict, to conceal, to
appropriate illegally, to seize and hold persons, to
overwhelm, to conceal,
close a pot, a door, to cover up, to overwhelm,
katāmu
clappers
(metal) as musical instrument,
kiskilātu
clarify,
make clear, incise, to cut, to cut
down, cut off, to cut in
deeply, determine, to set, to become ready, to
treat, consider, to adjust, to
cut off, to deduct, to correspond, ḫarāṣu
clasp,
knot made for magic purposes,
knot of a plant, contingent of soldiers, troop, team
of workmen or experts,
rent payment, payment in kind for services or taxes,
joint of the human or
animal body, a feature of the exta, anger, wrath,
structure, bond (of a
mountain, wall), mountain fastness, concentration,
strength, joint, node,
section of a text or region, possessions, treasures,
stricture of the
alimentary canal, obstruction in a canal, lump,
meterorite?, handle, an
astronomical term, kiṣru
class, a
class of men, kuzīru
class, a
class or profession,
eduinu, (Hurrian words: elamiḫuru, el’ue),
girisu-akarrānu
class, a
social class, eḫelena
class, member of a class or privileged farmers,
territorial ruler (of
cities, countries, etc.), iššakku
class or
profession, (description)
adj., ḫattārû
clay,
adj., description of clay,
gurrudu
clay cover,
clay case, imšukku
clay,
cover, envelope of a tablet,
imgurru
clay or metal
small brazier, ḫuluppaqqu
clay, formed
clay, small pot,
potsherd, shell, rind, ḫaṣbu
clay pit,
pit, issû
clay,
potter’s clay, *ḫaṣṣabu,
kullatu
clay, reddish colored clay or mineral,
kalgukku
clean, to become clean, to clean, to keep
clean, to clear a person or
property of legal or financial claims, to clear
oneself of an accusation by
oath, to be or become cleansed, to make clean, ebēbu
clean, holy,
lustrous, shining,
trustworthy, proper, pure (religiously), polished,
ebbu
clean, holy,
pure, sacred, noble,
free, ellu
clean by
combing, squeeze out, to
press, ḫalāṣu
clean, to
clean objects, to smear on
(a paint or liquid), to be smeared, to wipe off, to
rub, to purify magically,
to be rubbed, kapāru
cleanliness,
state of ritual
cleanliness, adv. ebbiš
clean person
(in relation to a
cult), ellu
cleanse
oneself, become free of debt
by royal decree, pure, to become pure, to purify,
make pure, keep pure, to
consecrate to a diety, to make free, to be purified,
elēlu
clear away,
remove, move, to move to
another location,
to make rise and
depart, to arouse from sleep, collect taxes, to
summon officials, call up
workers, mobilize, raise, lift up, call and dispatch
soldiers, move troops into
battle, to prompt, dekû
clear oneself of an accusation by oath, to
clear a person or property of
legal or financial claims, clean, to become clean,
to clean, to keep clean to
be or become cleansed, to make clean, ebēbu
clear up, to give birth easily, charge, to
charge (an enemy), straighten
up, to go
straight toward, to thrive, to
prosper, to be or become all right, to move the
bowels, to proceed, to move
straight ahead, to cause to move along a straight or
correct course, to inject
an enema, to make do the right thing, to prepare, to
proceed, march on, to
thrive, prosper, to send, dispatch, to put or keep
in good order, to set
aright, to provide justice, to give correct
decisions, insure the correct
performance of a ritual, to advance against,
tobecome successful, to be put in
order, to be fitted out correctly, ešēru
cling to,
meet, refuge, reach, mix,
assign, accuse, infect disease, to inflict diseases,
join together, to be
joined together, unite, support, tax, impose taxes,
fines, load, land a boat,
lean, to lean against, to come in contact, to stand
nearby, take cover, to
place a lean upon or against something, add up,
emēdu
cliff,
embankment, kāpu
clip, to strip, to trim
down, to
be terminated, kapāru
clipped,
trimmed, adj., kapru
clique,
confederates, clan, kinship
group, cohorts, crew, army, host, troops (of the
enemy), donkey caravan
of commerce, collegium, pack of dogs, illatu
cloak, a
cloak, kuzippu
cloak maker,
ēpiš
naḫlapti
clod-breaker,
agricultural worker, ḫēpû
clods of a
field, akkullātu
clod of earth,
lump of salt, stone,
metal or slag, a medicinal plant, kirbānu
close a pot,
a door, clap down, to
cover, to cover with garments, etc., to cover
tightly, to cover, close, veil
(the eyes, the face, the lips, etc., to cover with
earth, etc., to be covered,
clothed, to be clothed, to provide with clothing,
covered, to cover the body,
to cover with dust, sand, (the sky) with smoke,
etc., to clap down (said of a
trap), to overwhelm, to constrict, to appropriate
illegally, to seize and hold
persons, to overwhelm, to conceal, to cover up, to
overwhelm, katāmu
closed, to be
closed, to cease, to
do something without ceasing, to cease to be delayed
with negation, without
delay, immediately, to stop, to
cause to stop, to stop repeatedly, to detain, delay
a boat, withhold a
document, a tablet, withhold, refuse, goods,
merchandise, deliveries, to
withhold tribute, hinder, to prevent, to distrain,
keep in custody, in
confinement, hold
back a person, delay,
to detain, to keep, to deny a wish, a request, to
deny a wish, request, gifts,
to cut off, deny water for irrigation, to retain
food, urine, etc., to block
progress, a road, to check an animal, to reserve, to
place at someone’s
disposal, to keep available, to finish, to bring to
an end, to stop, interrupt
doing something, to come to an end, to be finished,
to hold up, to hold back,
to cause to detain, to keep someone from doing
something, to hinder, to hold
back, to be held back, to be delayed (referring to
persons), to be confined, to
be retained, to be withheld (referring to objects),
to be finished, to remain,
to stay, to be kept away, to linger behind, kalû
closure,
edlu
cloth, a cloth, gammidu
cloth, a kind
of cloth, ḫawû
cloth
craftsman, concerned with the
manufacture of cloth, kāpilu
cloth,
describing cloth, adj., ḫīru
cloth of
inferior quality, ebišu
cloth or
garment, gunakku
cloth, woven
and prepared in a special
way, kimdu
clothed, to
be clothed, to provide
with clothing, to be covered, clothed, clap down, to
cover, to clap down (said
of a trap), to cover with garments, etc., to cover
tightly, to cover, close,
veil (the eyes, the face, the lips, etc., to cover
with earth, etc., covered,
to cover the body, to cover with dust, sand, (the
sky) with smoke, etc to
overwhelm, to constrict, to conceal, to appropriate
illegally, to seize and
hold persons, to overwhelm, to conceal, close a pot,
a door, to cover up, to
overwhelm, katāmu
clothe,
to cover, to enter
surreptitiously, to slip in or through, to be
intertwined (said of trees), to
coat with bronze, ḫalāpu
cloth, to weave and prepare cloth in a specific
way, kamādu
clothes,
everyday clothes, ginê
clothes, old
clothes, ḫabbartu
clothing,
a specific garment, (Hurrian word, ituššu)
clothing, a
type of clothing, ilḫu
clothing, to
take off clothing by
force, strip, to rob, to despoil, ḫamāṣu
clothing, worn-out
clothing, rags, ḫulāqu
cloud,
erpetu, erpu
cloudy,
ḫaduru
cloudy,
confused, disturbed,
blurred, muddy, dalḫu
cloudy,
dark, adj., ḫašû
clouds,
water carrier (poetic word
for clouds), elallu
cluster, to
cluster, gather,
organize, to organize a group, strengthen, to
repair, to give relief, to
compose a text, collect, construct, to construct
buildings, etc., join, to tie,
bind together, assemble a body of soldiers into a
military formation, to form a
herd of animals, to make regulations, a country, to
set up a battle array, to
prepare for battle, to plot evil, concentrate, make
compact, to work for wages,
to become joined, put together, to tie together, to
surround with a fence or
net, to fortify, to assemble, to prepare for battle,
to compact, to assemble,
to make ready for battle, to concentrate, to join
together, to make ready for
battle, to make ready, to gather, to be tied, bound
together, kaṣāru
coat, a
coat, epartu, gulēnu
coat, a
multicolored coat, eriptu
coat of mail
ornament or attachment,
kalku
coat, to coat with bronze, cover,
to clothe, to enter surreptitiously, to slip in or
through, to be intertwined
(said of trees), ḫalāpu
coefficient,
(math term), igigubbû
cognizance,
to take cognizance of,
to care for something or somebody, to be aware of,
versed in something,
familiar with, to be experienced, to know something
or somebody, (with
negation) to be unfamiliar with, to be unused to, to
be unable to, to
disregard, to neglect, knowingly, intentionally,
unwittingly, unconsciously, in
a daze, to mark, to inform, to make known, reveal,
to recognize, identify, to
assign, to be recognized, revealed, appointed, to
announce, proclaim, to make
recognizable, to mark, to assign, idû
cohorts,
clique, confederates, clan,
kinship group, crew, army, host, troops (of the
enemy), donkey caravan
of commerce, collegium, pack of dogs, illatu
coil, to form
coils, roll up, to
wind around each other, to entwine, to circle
around, to wrap, to be entwined,
to gather against somebody, kapālu
coil, to twist, to make twisted,
contorted, to contort,
to be curled, coiled, to bend down
completely, to become contorted, twisted, kanānu
cold,
eššû
cold,
cool, kaṣû
cold,
cold weather, cold season,
frost, winter, chill, ague (as disease), kuṣṣu
cold, to
become cold, to cool off,
to let cool off, to allow to cool, kaṣû
colic,
suffering from colic, emru
collect,
assemble, to gather,
kupputu
collect,
collect tribute, to be
collected, press for payment due, to put a person
under pressure, esēru
collect,
construct, to construct
buildings, etc., join, to tie, bind together, to
compose a text, to give
relief, to strengthen, to repair, to organize,
assemble a body of soldiers into
a military formation, to form a herd of animals, to
make regulations, to
organize a group, a country, to set up a battle
array, to prepare for battle,
to plot evil, to cluster, gather, concentrate, make
compact, to work for wages,
to become joined, put together, to tie together, to
surround with a fence or net,
to fortify, to assemble, to prepare for battle, to
compact, to assemble, to
make ready for battle, to concentrate, to join
together, to make ready for
battle, to make ready, to gather, to be tied, bound
together, kaṣāru
collect,
to bring in (barley, persons,
animals, documents or objects), to gather in barley,
assemble persons, to be
assembled, stationed, to gather animals and objects,
to prepare for burial, to
place, to
be gathered, to be finished,
kamāsu
collect,
to gather, to gather up, to
scrape together, to decant, to shovel, to be
decanted, esēpu
collect,
to gather to oneself, pluck
and gather, pick up, ḫamāmu
collected,
joint, agglomerated,
itmudu
collection of
laws, etc., hoard?,
refuse, sweepings, ḫimmatu
collection of
payment, isirtu
collector of
dues, esēru
colleague,
comrade, person of equal
social status, doing agricultural and other work
under supervision, person of
servile status attached to a household, menial,
kinattu
collegium,
donkey caravan (of
commerce), army, kinship group, crew, cohorts,
clique, confederates, clan,
host, troops (of the enemy), pack of dogs, illatu
color, a
color, adj., ḫašmānuḫḫe
color, a color describing horses, adj.,
irginu
color, a
color of horses, (Kassite
word), alzibadar
color, a
color or dye, a fruit tree,
ḫenzūru
column base,
gullatu
column,
beam, gišmaḫḫu
comb, clean by combing, squeeze out, to
press, ḫalāṣu
combed
(said of flax), pressed out
(said of sesame seeds) obtained by ḫalaṣu
(said of oil) etc., adj., ḫalṣu
comb, wool comber (female), *ḫaliṣtu
come!, now
then!, interj., gana
come out of a
temple, etc., depart,
go out, escape, to leave, to rise (of stars), to
grow, disappear, așû
come (of
taxes or months), to enter,
to enter, to enter into the king or god’s presence,
to invade, to penetrate, to
return, to arrive, to go home, to bring something to
enter a house, city,
penetrate, erēbu
come, to come/go (to someone), garāšu
coming,
admitted, ēribu
coming from
the city Ḫapurat(t)a, adj.,
ḫapurataju
coming from
the town, ḫaḫḫû
coming from
Hana (as a social class
or type of soldier), coming from Hana (as a
designation of a breed of sheep and
goats, a quality of wool and garments, ḫanû
command,
equipment, achievement,
evil machination, deed, act, witchcraft, work,
rendering and settling of
accounts, speech, ipšu
command,
royal command, decree, dātu
command,
to execute a command, siqru
commander of
a contingent of fifty soldiers,
ḫansā, in rab- ḫansû
commander of
outposts, kādu, in rab
kādānu
commander of
an army unit, kiṣru, in
rab kiṣri
commander of
the messengers, kallû,
in rab kallê
commander,
rank of commander, kiṣru,
in rab kiṣirūti
commandment
of a ḫalṣu,
ḫalzuḫlu
commandment
of a fortress, ḫalṣu, in
rab ḫalṣu
commerce,
to engage in commerce,
tamkārūtu
commercial
losses, lost merchandise,
ḫuluqqû
commodity,
ḫutḫutu, kiširtu,
kuriallu?
commons,
property held in common by
several persons, pile of barley prepared for
storage, karû
community of
merchants,
city quarter destined for traders and
sailors, harbor, harbor district, mooring place,
quay-wall, embankment, trading
station, price of a unit of merchandise, karû
compact, to
make compact, to bother,
to crush, to step into something unclean
accidentally, to step upon something
on purpose, defeat an enemy, to make people do work,
to press people, to stamp
out a fire, to suppress noise, to full cloth, to let
time pass, to stride, to
walk upon, to pace off, to make regulations, to come
in, to exert oneself, to
put pressure upon a person, to drop a claim, a case,
to forgive, pardon a sin,
to put reciprocal pressure on each other, to allow
to walk about, to trample,
to make a road or ramp by compressing and stamping
the soil, to make
concessions, to submit oneself, kabāsu
compact, to
compact, make compact,
to make ready, make ready for battle, to fortify, to
surround with a fence or
net, put together, work for wages, to cluster, gather, organize, to organize a
group, strengthen, to repair, to
give relief, to compose a text, collect, construct,
to construct buildings,
etc., join, to tie, bind together, assemble a body
of soldiers into a military
formation, to form a herd of animals, to make
regulations, a country, to set up
a battle array, to prepare for battle, to plot evil,
concentrate, to become
joined, to tie together, to assemble, to prepare for
battle, to assemble, to
make ready for battle, to concentrate, to join
together, to be tied, bound
together, kaṣāru
compact?
twined, adj., karku
compact?, to
become compact, to
compress?, to form a pellet, pill, suppository, to
make hail?, kupputu
compacted?
in a block, lump-shaped,
compressed?, kupputu
compensate,
to replace, kaṣāru
compensation?
kallimu
compensation,
payment, (Hurrian
word, ḫiššumaki), kušurrā’u
complain,
plead, negotiate,
litigate, recite, relate, talk, tell, speak, come to
agreement, dabābu
complaint,
cry of distress, inannû
complaisance,
favor, kind act,
mercy, to return an act of kindness, to wreak
vengeance, gimillu
complete,
as is, few, little, small,
too small, īṣu
complete,
full, finished, settled,
terminated, whole, gamru
complete,
making decisions, etc.,
final, effective, gāmiru
completeness,
finality, end, gamāru
complex,
intertwined, entangled,
crossed, difficult, crooked, distorted, untrue,
adj., itguru
compose, to
compose a text, collect,
construct, to construct buildings, etc., join, to
tie, bind together, to give
relief, to strengthen, to repair, to organize,
assemble a body of soldiers into
a military formation, to form a herd of animals, to
make regulations, to
organize a group, a country, to set up a battle
array, to prepare for battle,
to plot evil, to cluster, gather, concentrate, make
compact, to work for wages,
to become joined, put together, to tie together, to
surround with a fence or
net, to fortify, to assemble, to prepare for battle,
to compact, to assemble,
to make ready for battle, to concentrate, to join
together, to make ready for
battle, to make ready, to gather, to be tied, bound
together, kaṣāru
compress,
constrict, to strangle, to
be annoyed, ḫanāqu
compress, to
compress?, compact?, to
become compact, to form a pellet, pill, suppository,
to make hail?, kupputu
compressed?,
compacted?, in a block,
lump-shaped,
kupputu
compresser (a
part of the seeder-plow
serving to regulate the flow of the seeds),
ḫanniqu
compute,
nikkassū-a’
comrade,
person of equal social
status, doing agricultural and other work under
supervision, person of servile
status attached to a household, menial, colleague,
kinattu
conceal,
to conceal, puzru
concede,
to make mutual concessions,
to perform a kind act, to act so as to please, to be
obliging, to come
to an agreement, to spare, save,
gamālu
corresponding
to, as, according to,
instead of, in lieu of, in the manner of, like,
prep., kīma
clap down,
to cover, to cover with
garments, etc., to cover tightly, to cover, close,
veil (the eyes, the face,
the lips, etc., to cover with earth, etc., to be
covered, clothed, to be
clothed, to provide with clothing, covered, to cover
the body, to cover with
dust, sand, (the sky) with smoke, etc., to clap down
(said of a trap), to
overwhelm, to constrict, to conceal, to appropriate
illegally, to seize and
hold persons, to overwhelm, to conceal, close a pot,
a door, to cover up, to
overwhelm, katāmu
cold,
ice, snow, kuppū
collapse, to
suffer physical collapse,
to submit oneself?, to be low or short, to descend
to the horizon (in
astrology), katātu
color,
possibly a color, a
specification of a cover, or carpet, (Hurrian
word, kulinaš)
color, a dye
and color made from it,
kinaḫḫu
conceal,
to appropriate illegally,
to be clothed, to provide with clothing, to be
covered, clothed, clap down, to
cover, to clap down (said of a trap), to cover with
garments, etc., to cover
tightly, to cover, close, veil (the eyes, the face,
the lips, etc., to cover
with earth, etc., covered, to cover the body, to
cover with dust, sand, (the
sky) with smoke, etc to overwhelm, to constrict, to
seize and hold persons, to
overwhelm, to conceal, close a pot, a door, to cover
up, to overwhelm, katāmu
conceive,
to impregnate, pregnant,
to be pregnant, erû
concentrate,
to encompass, to
possess in full, finish, to finish, to bring to an
end, to control, to
annihilate, to use up, to spend, to settle, to pay
or deliver in full, to use
one’s full strength, to render a final verdict, to
cause to spend, to give in
full, to hold together, to be annihilated, ruined,
to be brought to an end,
used up, to be settled, gamāru
concentrated,
a caravan, organized
as a military detachment, kaṣru
concern,
hurry, duluḫtu
concern, be
concerned, to pay
attention, to give information, investigate, to
study, to remind, to worry, worried,
to be pious, to think of a deity = to heed a
diety, to think of a person
(said of gods and kings = to care for, to mention,
ḫasāsu
concerning,
prep., aššut
concerning,
on behalf of, on account
of, because of, with respect to, related to, aššum
concessions,
to make concessions, to
make regulations, to drop a claim, a case, pardon a
sin, to make people do
work, to submit oneself, to put
pressure upon a person, to put reciprocal pressure
on each other, to press
people, to pace off, to walk
upon,
to stride, to forgive, to defeat an enemy, to make
compact, to bother, to
crush, to step into something unclean accidentally,
to step upon something on
purpose, to stamp out a fire, to suppress noise, to
full cloth, to let time
pass, to come in, to exert oneself, to allow to walk
about, to trample, to make
a road or ramp by compressing and stamping the soil,
kabāsu
concubine,
esirtu
concubine,
status of a concubine,
ištariūtu
concubine, to
make someone a concubine
or wife of lower rank, *ḫelaḫelu, in ḫelaḫelumma
epēšu
condiment,
a condiment, arāsu
cone,
truncanted cone (as
gemometrical term), reed bundle, kiššu
confectioner,
ēpišānu
confederates,
clan, kinship group,
clique, cohorts, crew, army, host, troops (of the
enemy), donkey caravan
of commerce, collegium, pack of dogs, illatu
confederation,
a’lu or i’lu
confederation,
to form a confederation,
to band together, katāru
confirm, to
confirm, to certify, to
be confirmed, to testify, to make a statement as a
witness, to act as a witness,
to establish as true by means of witnesses, to
organize, to put in order, to
place parts of a construction in correct position,
to be firm in place, to
assign a person to a position, an office, assign
good fortune a calamity, etc.,
to assign fields, houses, staples, etc., to levy
taxes, to lay out a
watercourse, a boundary, to erect a wall, a
building, a city, to
establish the foundation of a
building, to establish regular deliveries and
offerings, etc., to establish
laws, regulations, rituals, fame, to set up a stela,
a boundary stone, an
inscription, an image,
to establish (in
math and astronomy), reliable, be loyal, to be well
disciplined, correct, to place
an object correctly or in a
specific place (said of ritual and votive objects,
of tablets, food, and other
objects), honest, endure, to remain in effect, to
last, to be secure (said of a
foundation), a rule, a position, to remain
stationary (said of planets), to
remain quantitatively constant, to impose tribute, a
fine, to organize, to put
in order, to grant, to maintain and preserve the
rule, the life of a person,
the safety of an object, the permanence of a city,
etc., kânu
confident, to
become confident, to
rely, to give confidence, ḫamû
confine,
to confine a person, ganānu
confine,
to shut in, to enclose, to
channel water, to stifle a cry, to take captive, to
become enclosed, to become
constricted, esēru
confined, to
be confined, to do, to
do something without ceasing, without delay,
immediately, interrupt
doing something, to keep someone from
doing something, to reserve, to check an animal, to
block progress, a road,
retain food, urine, etc., cut off, to deny a wish, a
request, deny water for
irrigation, delay, delay a boat, to detain, hold
back a person, to keep in
custody, in confinement, to distrain, to prevent, to
hinder, to withhold,
refuse goods, merchandise, deliveries, to keep,
withhold a document, a tablet,
to withhold a document, tablet, to deny a wish,
request, to withhold tribute,
gifts, to stop, detain, to place at someone’s
disposal, to keep available, to
finish, to bring to an end, to stop, to come to an
end, to be finished, to
cease to be delayed with negation, to stop
repeatedly, to hold up, to hold
back, to cause to detain, to hinder, to stop, to
cause to stop, to hold back, to
be held back, to be delayed (referring to persons),
to be retained, to be
withheld (referring to objects), to be finished, to
be closed, to remain, to
stay, to be kept away, to cease, to stop, to linger
behind, kalû
confinement,
enclosure, isirtu
confines,
sides (of a boat), region,
territory, alongside, adjacent to, border, border
line, circumference, around,
alongside, itû
confiscate,
to confiscate? (Hurrian
word, Kawadu, in kawadumma epēšu)
confront,
to oppose, attack, go,
advance, turn against a person, send a message,
order, rule, govern,
âru
confuse,
denounce, disturb,
embarrass, blur eyes, stir up, roil water,
interfere, become troubled, dalāḫu
confuse,
to trouble, ešû
confused,
cloudy, disturbed,
blurred, muddy, dalḫu
confused,
tangled, blurred, ešû
confusion,
dulḫānu, ešû, išûtu
confusion,
blurring of the vision,
ešītu
confusion,
disorder, eclipse, ešâtu
confusion,
battle, blurring of
vision, ašītu
confusion,
distress, daliḫtu
confusion,
trouble, dilḫu, duluḫḫû
congestion,
stricture as a disease,
contingent of soldiers, ridge wall, tablet, list,
kiṣirtu
conjure,
to perform a conjuration,
āšipūtu
conjurer, a
conjurer, gukallu
conjurer’s
door, (an instrument of
the conjurer), gišburru
conjurer’s
whipping rod, ḫultuppû
consider,
to clarify, make clear,
incise, to cut, to cut
down, cut
off, to cut in deeply, determine, to set, to become
ready, to treat, to adjust,
to cut off, to deduct, to correspond, ḫarāṣu
conquer,
to conquer a city, ālu-a
conquer, to
conquer a country, a city,
to find, to be sufficient, to approach ( a person,
an authority), with a claim,
a complaint, to
amount to, to
reach, to reach and equal in value, arrive
(said of a moment in time), to defeat an enemy, to
be victorious, to capture an
enemy, to arrest a fugitive, a criminal, to surprise
(in the act), to seize
(said of diseases, evil spirits, misfortunes, etc.),
to obtain a wish,
knowledge, good health, luck, a friend, to attain
old age, to win a case, to
obtain possession of objects, merchandise, etc., to
get hold of (in various
shades of meaning), to finish completely, to chase
away, pursue, to drive away,
drive into exile, to disinherit, to drive away evil
spirits, to remove sins,
etc., to make a journey, to drive (horses), to
approach someone, to defeat an
enemy, to conquer, to raid, to make prisoner, to
seize, to send, to pertain to
property, to a right, etc., kašādu
conquering,
kāšidu
conquest,
booty, prisoner of war,
seizure (by a disease, demons), acquisition, assets,
kišittu
consecrate a
priest by shaving the hair
of his head and body, to shave, to cut and
shave hair of head or body, to
despoil, rob, a house, gullubu
consecrate,
to exorcise, purify, by
fumigation, ḫâbu
consecrate to
a diety, cleanse
oneself, become free of debt by royal decree, pure,
to become pure, to purify,
make pure, keep pure, to make free, to be purified,
elēlu
consecration?
eqūtu
consent,
to consent, annu
consent,
joy, ḫadû
concentrate,
bound together, to
compact, make compact, to make ready, make ready for
battle, to fortify, to
surround with a fence or net, put together, work for
wages, to cluster, gather,
organize, to organize a
group, strengthen, to repair, to give relief, to
compose a text, collect,
construct, to construct buildings, etc., join, to
tie, bind together, assemble
a body of soldiers into a military formation, to
form a herd of animals, to
make regulations, a country, to set up a battle
array, to prepare for battle,
to plot evil, to become joined, to tie together, to
assemble, to prepare for
battle, to assemble, to make ready for battle, to
join together, to be tied, kaṣāru
considerate
treatment, favor, gimiltu
consort of a
queen, rank, ḫā’irutu
conspiracy,
confused, cross,
maneuver for a position, feint, stumble, hobble,
perverse, to twist, become
twisted, egēru
constant, normal, regular, permanent, plain,
kajānu
constantly,
adv., kakdâ, kakdāša
constantly,
always, adv., kajan,
kajāniš
constantly,
always, customarily,
adv., kajamānu
constantly,
always, regularly, adv.,
kajāna
constantly,
normally, always, adv.,
ginâ
constantly,
regularly, adv.,
kajāntam
constantly,
steadily, adv., kajaman
constellation,
a constellation,
bison (as a mythological creature), kusarikku
constellation
Hercules, a fish, dog,
kalbu
constellation
Hyades (lit. jaw of
the Bull, Taurus), is lê
constellation
Lyra, she-goat,
goat (generic term),
enzu
constellation
or fixed star, gibbous
moon, star, small of the
back,
kidney of an animal, region of the kidneys, kalītu
constipated,
esiltu
constipated,
locked up, eslu
constipated,
to be stopped up, esēlu
constipation,
sphincter, contracting
muscle, constriction, control?, isiltu
constrict,
to close a pot, a door,
clap down, to cover, to clap down (said of a trap),
to cover with garments,
etc., to cover tightly, to cover, close, veil (the
eyes, the face, the lips,
etc., to cover with earth, etc., to be covered,
clothed, to be clothed, to
provide with clothing, covered, to cover the body,
to cover with dust, sand,
(the sky) with smoke, etc., to overwhelm, to
appropriate illegally, to seize
and hold persons, to overwhelm, to conceal, to cover
up, to overwhelm, katāmu
constrict,
to strangle, compress, to
be annoyed, ḫanāqu
constricted,
to become constricted,
channel water, to take captive, enclose, to become
enclosed, confine, to shut
in, to stifle a cry, esēru
constriction,
a disease of sheep, ḫunūqu
constriction,
constipation,
sphincter, contracting muscle, control?, isiltu
construct,
cultivate, manufacture,
to practice witchcraft, treat person or thing,
build, perform a divination, a
ritual, to plant, permit (said of gods), to proceed,
act, to act, be active,
is, happens, epēšu
construct, to
construct buildings, etc.,
join, to tie, bind together, to collect, to compose
a text, to give relief, to
strengthen, to repair, to organize, assemble a body
of soldiers into a military
formation, to form a herd of animals, to make
regulations, to organize a group,
a country, to set up a battle array, to prepare for
battle, to plot evil, to
cluster, gather, concentrate, make compact, to work
for wages, to become
joined, put together, to tie together, to surround
with a fence or net, to
fortify, to assemble, to prepare for battle, to
compact, to assemble, to make
ready for battle, to concentrate, to join together,
to make ready for battle,
to make ready, to gather, to be tied, bound
together, kaṣāru
consume,
to devour, arāḫu
consume, to
consume? to hurt, to
sting, kasāsu
consuming
(qualifying fire), adj., *kāsisu
construction,
agricultural work,
handywork, tillage, manufacture, crew, act, ritual,
evil magic, epištu
container
(Hurrian word, ašhauššuḫu)
container,
a container, aḫrušḫu, ammašabbû,
darīku, attamukaru?, gullu, ḫabannatu,
ḫalmaḫḫu
container, a
container, *ḫapālu, ḫattu,
ḫittu, ḫupa’u, ḫuprušḫu, imzadrû, išpu, kirgunnu,
kurkurratu
container, a
container,
kurzizakkatu, kutma’išu
container,
a container (Egyptian word) daši
container, a
container for liquids,
kūbu
container, a
container for oil, ḫatarru
container, a
container of earthenware or
silver, mainly for wine, kandu
container,
a container, part of a door, ḫapḫappu
container, a
kind of kirru-container,
kiriammu
container, a
large container, a
religious ceremony, ḫarû
container, a
large container for beer or
barley, ḫiburnu
container,
a leather container, kabkūru
container, a
metal container, ḫiglu,
ḫiwāru, (Hurrian word, kazulatḫu)
container, a
metal container for oil,
ḫurbu
container, a
metal container
(usually), katappu
container, a
small container of metal,
glass, or clay serving as alabastron, libation
jar and drinking flask,
kukkubu
container, a
standardized container for
beer, a large vessel of earthenware, metal or
stone, kirru
container, a
tall earthenwarse container
with a small opening, gugguru
container, a
wooden container,
basket to carry earth, bricks, etc., kudurru
container, an
earthen container, ḫābibu
container, an
earthen container for
liquids, ḫallu
container,
an earthenware container, arbašītu
container, an
earthen container,
pot, a measure, one fourth of the naruqqu,
karpatu
container, box, vessel, storehouse, storeroom,
raft (kelek), silo, truncated
pyramid, specific kind of chair, excavation (as a
geometrical term), kalakku
container,
describing a container,
adj., ḫussû
container,
describing an earthen
container, adj., ḫabnu
container for
beer, a kind of
basket, ḫuburtu
container in
the shape of a helmet,
helmet, ḫuliam
container,
leather bag, īlu
container, leather container for oil, kirādu
container of
bronze, ḫuḫpu
container of
clay or
metal, rarely wood, kūtu
container of
precious metal or stone,
ḫaragabaš
container of
specific shape, gabgabu
container or
basket, kirītu
container
or bowl, kurkurru
container
or object, iknusi
container
or tube, ḫupḫuppu
container
rack, wooden rack (or
similar installation for storing
earthen containers, as part of the equipment of a
trade), as structure over a
well, a small container, usually of stone or
precious metal, metal potstand or
structure to support containers with pointed
bottoms, kannu
container,
small container for perfumed
oil, ḫuburnu
container
shaped like a human skull,
a skull, gulgullu
contend for
superiority, deliver
promptly, reinforce, make valid, to become strong,
strengthen, to increase, to
speak severely, to to bequeath, become stronger,
become even thickness, danānu
contestation,
a contestation, ḫarāra
contingent of
soldiers, stricture as
a disease, congestion, ridge wall, tablet, list,
kiṣirtu
contingent of
soldiers, troop, knot
made for magic purposes, team of workmen or experts,
rent payment, payment in
kind for services or taxes, joint of the human or
animal body, a feature of the
exta, anger, wrath, structure, bond (of a mountain,
wall), mountain fastness,
concentration, strength, joint, node, knot of a
plant, section of a text or
region, possessions, treasures, stricture of the
alimentary canal, obstruction
in a canal, lump, meterorite?, clasp, handle, an
astronomical term, kiṣru
continuity,
lastingness, dārītu
continuity,
permanent status of
property, dūru
continuously,
ever, dār
contort,
to become contorted,
twisted, to coil, to
twist, to make
twisted, contorted, to be curled, coiled, to bend
down completely, kanānu
contract,
išḫiuli
contract,
to pucker, ḫemēru
contracted,
shrunk, ḫamru
contracting
muscle, constriction,
constipation, sphincter, control?, isiltu
contraction,
gabāṣu
control?,
contracting muscle,
constriction, constipation, sphincter,
isiltu
control,
to annihilate, to bring to
an end, to use up, to spend, to settle, to
encompass, to possess in full, to
finish, to bring to an end, to pay or deliver in
full, to use one’s full
strength, to concentrate, to render a final verdict,
to cause to spend, to give
in full, to hold together, to be annihilated,
ruined, to be brought to an end,
used up, to be settled, gamāru
control,
organize, marshall forces,
muster, to provide food rations, check, instruct, be
mustered, ašāru
conversely,
if not, jānumma
convulsive,
to suffer from
convulsions, damû
cook,
mirsu, ēpištu, in ēpišat mirsi
cook,
pappasu cook, ēpiš pappasi
cook or
baker producing special
dishes, kakardinnu
cook,
temple cook, endibbu, engisu,
engû
cool,
cold, kaṣû
cool of the
day, kīṣu
cool of the
evening, kaṣû
cool off, to
let cool off, to allow to
cool, to become cold, kaṣû
cool water
vendor, man selling cool
water, kaṣu, in ša kaṣi
coolness,
morning, kaṣâtu
cooperative,
sociable, adj.,
itbārānu
copper,
anānu, erû
copper, a
word for copper, asisû
copper object,
eripu
copper object,
akkullānu
copper part
of a door, armatu
copper,
poetic expression of copper,
ahuš’u
copper
(qualifying copper), adj., ḫammuṣu
copper, to mine or
smelt copper,
erû-a’
copulate,
to copulate, garāšu
copulate,
to make love, to be merry, to shine,
to make brilliant, ḫelû
copy,
duplicate, opponent, gabarû
copy, exact
copy, exact (standard)
measure, block, track (of the wheel), ḫirṣu
coriander,
kisibirrītu, kisibirru
cornice (as
an architectural term), headband,
part of a headdress ( a kind of turban, worn mainly
by deities or kings and
queens), kulūlu
correct,
fair, just, in good
condition, favorable, normal, regular, ordinary,
prosperous, straight, loose
(said of the bowels),
išaru
correct,
decent, just, loyal,
normal, honest, legitimate, sound, regular,
reliable, true, firm (in place),
kīnu
correct
measure, correct behavior,
truth, justice, loyalty, stability, permanency,
kīnātu
correct
procedures, correctness,
duly, justice, justly, fidelity, loyalty, loyally,
normal state, truth, in
truth, truly, treaty, kittu
correct, to
place an object correctly
or in a specific place (said of ritual and votive
objects, of tablets, food,
and other objects), to place parts of a construction
in correct position, honest,
endure, to remain in effect, to last, to be secure
(said of a foundation), a
rule, a position, to remain stationary (said of
planets), to be firm in place,
to be loyal, reliable, to be well disciplined, to
remain quantitatively
constant, to set up a stela, a boundary stone, an
inscription, an image, to
establish the foundation of a building, to erect a
wall, a building, a city, to
lay out a watercourse, a boundary, to impose
tribute, a fine, to levy taxes, to
establish regular deliveries and offerings, etc., to
establish laws,
regulations, rituals, fame, to organize, to put in
order, to assign a person to
a position, an office, to grant, assign good fortune
a calamity, etc., to
assign fields, houses, staples, etc., to maintain
and preserve the rule, the life
of a person, the safety of an object, the permanence
of a city, etc., to
testify, to make a statement as a witness, to act as
a witness, to establish as
true by means of witnesses, to confirm, to certify,
to establish (in math and
astronomy), to be confirmed, kânu
correctly,
according to expectation,
duly, in due form, truthfully, loyally, steadily,
firmly, kīniš
correctness,
offering, regular
offering, normality, dues, ginû
correspond,
to fit, šūluku
correspond,
to consider, to clarify,
make clear, incise, to cut, to cut
down, cut off, to cut in deeply, determine, to set,
to become ready, to treat,
to adjust, to cut off, to deduct, ḫarāṣu
correspondingly,
instead, as a
replacement, kūm
corvée
(unpaid worker) master,
dullu, in bēl dulli
corvée work,
expedition,
expeditionary force, capital, business
capital,
caravan, journey, trip, business trip, road, path,
highway, travel,
venture, military campaign, raid, army, service
unit, times (math term), ḫarrānu
cosmetic,
eye cosmetic, amāmû
couchant,
crippled, shrunken,
shriveled, adj., ḫummuru
cough (as a
disease), slime,
spittle, ḫaḫḫu
cough, to
cough, guḫḫubu
cough, to
cough up, ḫaḫû
coughing fit,
retching, gag, gaḫḫu,
ganāḫu, guḫḫu
counterweight?
of precious material
for necklaces, kabbuttu
country,
coming from the country,
adj., ḫabḫaja
country,
open country, region outside a city,
outside, kīdu
course,
channel of a canal, region
along a bank, alku
court,
enclosure, ḫiṣāru
court of
judgement, dinu, in bīt
dīni, dīttu
court
official, ēpiš šizbi
court
official, iṣu, in rabi eṣī
court
president, (see judge),
dajānu, in ša pān dajāni
court
president, dīnu, in ša pān
dīnāte
courthouse,
dajānu in bīt dajāni
courtyard
building, kisallu, in bīt
kisalli
courtyard of
a private house, a
palace or a temple complex, kisallu
courtyard,
main courtyard of a temple,
kisalmāḫu
courtyard,
outer courtyard,
kisalbarakku
courtyard
sweeper (as a temple
official), kisalluḫḫu
cover, a specification of a cover, or
carpet, possibly a color (Hurrian word,
kulinaš)
cover,
amnion, fetus covering
membrane, edamukku
cover,
canopy, protection, andullu,
andillu
cover, clay, envelope of a tablet, imgurru
cover or
garment, dapsû, ḫarūru
cover,
lid, (for a kettle or oven),
katammu
cover, linen cover, kadilû
cover or
blanket, iškušḫu
cover or
wrap, ḫuluptu
cover or garment,
ḫurdatu, in ša ḫurdāte
cover,
intestinal, (in kulum libbi
the part of the animal body
which covers the intestines), kutmu
cover, to
clothe, to enter
surreptitiously, to slip in or through, to be
intertwined (said of trees), to coat
with bronze, ḫalāpu
cover, to cover, erēmu, kašû
cover, to
cover (the head or face) with
the cloth, to adorn, to crown, to veil,
kullulu
cover, to
cover up, hide, ḫesû
cover, to cover with patches or with a network,
edēḫu
cover, to
cover, to cover with
garments, etc., to cover tightly, to cover, close,
veil (the eyes, the face,
the lips, etc., to cover with earth, etc., to be
covered, clothed, to be
clothed, to provide with clothing, covered, to cover
the body, to cover with
dust, sand, (the sky) with smoke, etc., to clap down
(said of a trap), to
overwhelm, to constrict, to conceal, to appropriate
illegally, to seize and
hold persons, to overwhelm, to clap down, to
conceal, close a pot, a door, to
cover up, to overwhelm, katāmu
cover,
veil, mat, kutummu
cover,
wrap, sheath, heaven, sky,
ceiling, ermu
covered,
adj., *ḫalpu, ḫatû
covered
basket, *kutumtu
covered,
veiled, kuttumu
covered,
secret, katmu
covering, a
head covering, a skin
disease, ḫazīqatu
cow, arḫu
cow (poetic
term for cow), abkigu
crab, the
constellation Cancer,
alluttu
crack, to
split, ḫuppupu
craft of the
exorcist, kakugallūtu
craft of the
house builder, itinnūtu
craft of the
jeweler, kabšarrūtu
craft of the
kalû, lamentaion-priests’
college, corpus of texts used by the kalû,
kalûtu
craft of the
kāṣiru-worker, kāṣirūtu
craft of a
purification priest,
išippūtu
craftsman,
a craftsman?
Azû
craftsman, a
craftsman, ḫisannu
craftsman,
designation of a craftman,
or an
official, kuduḫtaš, kuššuku,
kuttim
craftsman,
engineer (as a category
of soldier), furnace, kiln, oven (of the smith,
potter, etc.), smith, armorer,
kiškattû
craftsman
making headware, kubšuḫuli
craftsman or
official, gelduḫlu, ituḫlu
craftsman
or official’s designation,
ezû, in rab ezû
craftsman
producing textiles by a
special technique, kāṣiru
craftsman,
woven cloth craftsman
(making a special type of woven cloth), kāmidu
craftsman
working in wood and metal,
an insect, gurgurru
cramps,
to have cramps, to cause
cramps, tied, girt, to be girt, ebeṭu
cramped,
ebṭu
crane,
kalû
crave, to
ask, to request, desire,
to be desired, required, erēšu
creature, a
fabulous creature, part man and
part fish, kulullu
creditor,
ḫabullu, in bēl ḫabulli
creditor,
ḫubullu, in bēl ḫubulli
creditor,
to become a creditor,
qajapānūtu
cream,
garû
creditor,
ḫubullu, in bel ḫubulli
creep, to
steal, slink, ḫalālu
crescent,
iskuru
Crete, coming
from Crete, kaptarû
crew,
construction, agricultural
work, handywork, tillage, manufacture, act, ritual,
evil magic, epištu
crew,
cohorts, clique, confederates,
clan, kinship group, army, host, troops (of the
enemy), donkey caravan
of commerce, collegium, pack of dogs, illatu
crime, harm,
damage, sin, punishment, offense,
misdeed, fault, act of negligence, ḫiṭu
crime,
misdeed, sin, gillatu,
gullultu
crime, to
commit a crime or sin,
arnu
crime, to
commit a crime, sartu
crimes,
to commit crimes, lemnu
criminal,
ḫīṭu, in ša ḫīṭi
criminal,
evildoer, ḫābilu
criminal,
thief, ardadu
cripple,
gudādu
crippled,
akûtu, kuṣṣudu
crippled,
lame, paralyzed, kubbulu
crippled,
shrunken, shriveled,
couchant, adj., ḫummuru
croak, to
caw, ḫuqqu
croak, to rumble, ḫarāru
crooked,
complex, intertwined,
entangled, crossed, difficult, distorted, untrue,
adj., itguru
crooked,
crossed, perverse, twisted,
egru
crop,
farm, to raise a crop for
sustenance, kurummatu
crop, an
early crop, ḫurpu
cross, confused, maneuver for position, feint,
stumble, hobble, perverse,
twist, become twisted,
egēru
crossbar,
ḫūqu
crossing
point, kunsangû
cross river,
to cross a river, ferry,
nēbiru
cross, to
cross, pass along
(walking), to go overland, to advance on or continue
a journey, to march in
review, to pass by, to elapse, to pass through, to
transgress, to go beyond or
exceed, to by-pass, avoid, to send on overland, to
make pass on or proceed, to
pass objects on, to move objects past, to hand over, transfer,
to go through with a ritual, to
allow time to elapse, cause delay, to allow persons
or boats to pass, to avert,
to be transgressed, to be transferred, etēqu
cross water,
to ford, extend beyond
something, make somebody cross over water, to pass
back and forth, ebēru
crossed,
itlupu
crossed,
grown together, entangled,
flourish, send forth shoots, stretch forth (arm,
etc.), sprout, lengthen, elēpu
crossed,
intertwined, entangled,
complex, difficult, crooked, distorted, untrue,
adj., itguru
crossed,
perverse, twisted, crooked,
egru
crotch,
region between the thighs,
hind legs of animals, ḫallu
crowd, to
crowd about, to romp,
dakāku
crow, bird of the raven/crow family,
ḫaḫḫuru
crown, edge, rim, end, causeway, nose, tip,
spur of land, appu
crown,
disk of the moon, agû, aga’u
crown, to
crown, to adorn, to veil,
to cover (the head or face) with the cloth, kullulu
crucible, a
large crucible, kirmaḫḫu
crucible for
metal and glass, kiln,
brazier, kūru
crucible?,
part of a bowl, kittu
crude bitumen,
ittû
crumbled?,
hewn, broken, ḫuppû
crush, to crush, dakāku, duqququ
crush,
to crush, to step into something
unclean accidentally, to step upon
something on purpose, defeat an enemy, to bother, to
make people do work, to
press people, to stamp out a fire, to suppress
noise, to make compact, to full
cloth, to let time pass, to stride, to walk upon, to
pace off, to make
regulations, to come in, to exert oneself, to put
pressure upon a person, to
drop a claim, a case, to forgive, pardon a sin, to
put reciprocal pressure on
each other, to allow to walk about, to trample, to
make a road or ramp by
compressing and stamping the soil, to make
concessions, to submit oneself,
kabāsu
crush, to
crush or mince plants in
preparing remedies, ḫussû
crush, to
shatter, ḫašālu
crush, to
smash, invalidate
(a document), hurt, injure, ruin,
repudiate (an agreement), split in half, wreck, to
destroy an object, to break
(a tablet), demolish, to cut wood trees, divide, to
break off, to break into, ḫepû
crushed,
adj., ḫašlu
crushing
defeat, annihilation,
divine overpowering weapon, kašūšu
crustacean,
(name means
river-locust), erib nāri
cry,
kappu cry, to utter a cry
sounding like kappu,
kappu
cry, loud cry,
din, clamor, rumor,
uproar, ikkillu
cry of
distress, complaint, inannû
cubit,
forearm, ammatu
culprit,
arnu in bēl arni
cult answerer,
āpilu
cult socle,
or chapel, kikurrû
cultic base,
platform, pedestal base
(for a statue, a cult object, an architectural
feature made of stone, metal,
brick, precious
stones, etc., often
inscribed), raised platform for cultic purposes, a
poetic term for nether
world), kigallu
cultic object,
of a
temple, temple inner room, Bēlat-ēqi,
name of goddess, ēqu, in bīt ēqi
cultic place
dedicated to Ŝamas,
prayer to Ŝamas, kiutakku
cultivate, manufacture, to practice
witchcraft, treat person or thing,
build, construct, perform a divination, a ritual, to
plant, permit (said of
gods), to proceed, act, to act, be active, is,
happens, epēšu
cultivate,
to put under cultivation,
seed with a seeder plow, plant a field, etc., to be
seeded, planted, erēšu
cultivated,
built on (said of a
house), wrought, finished, adjusted, epšu
cultivator,
ērišānu
cultivator,
tenant farmer, errēšu
cumin,
ḫašimuru? kamūnu?
cuniform sign
kaskal, (name of),
kaškašu
cuniform sign
kum, kummu
cunning, one
who acts with cunning,
adj., kāpidu[2]
cup, a cup, anakku, anakmaḫḫu, guziu,
inimmû
cup, cup
as a capacity measure,
goblet, kāsu
cup or a
bottle, ḫubšašu
curl,
fringe, a plant, kaziru
curl,
lock of hair, kizirtu
curl, to
be curled, to
bend over, to droop, kapāṣu
curl, to curl
the hair, kezēru
curled area,
kipṣu
curled,
bent, adj., kapṣu
curled,
to be curled, to contort, to
become contorted, twisted, to coil, to
twist, to make twisted, contorted, coiled, to bend
down completely, kanānu
current,
flow of water, agû, egû,
aga’u, agiu
curse,
ḫaliptu, izru, izzirtu
curse,
accursed person, arratu
curser,
one who curses, errēru
curse, to
curse, arāru, ezēru
cursed,
arru
curtain
(for a canopy), daltu, in ša
dalti
curve, to
bend, to become bent, to
wrap around, kapāpu
curved,
bent, kabistu
cushion,
ašbatu
custom
station official, kāru, in
rabi kāri
customarily,
constantly, always,
adv., kajamānu
customary,
permanent, normal,
ordinary, standard, ginû
cut down, to
cut down orchards, fruit
trees, to cut off, to interrupt, kašāṭu
cut down
trees, to cut wood, to cut
weeds, to cut or chop herbs, kasāmu
cut off,
to cut down orchards, fruit
trees, to interrupt, kašāṭu
cut off,
to break off, to strike,
karātu
cut off,
to deny a wish, a request,
deny water for irrigation, delay, delay a boat, to
detain, hold back a person,
to keep in custody, in confinement, to distrain, to
prevent, to hinder, to
withhold, refuse goods, merchandise, deliveries, to
keep, withhold a document,
a tablet, to withhold a document, tablet, to deny a
wish, request, to withhold
tribute, gifts, to stop, detain, to retain food,
urine, etc., to block
progress, a road, to check an animal, to reserve, to
place at someone’s
disposal, to keep available, to finish, to bring to
an end, to stop, interrupt
doing something, to come to an end, to be finished,
to cease to be delayed with
negation, to do something without ceasing, without
delay, immediately, to stop
repeatedly, to hold up, to hold back, to cause to
detain, to keep someone from
doing something, to hinder, to stop, to cause to
stop, to hold back, to be held
back, to be delayed (referring to persons), to be
confined, to be retained, to
be withheld (referring to objects), to be finished,
to be closed, to remain, to
stay, to be kept away, to cease, to stop, to linger
behind, kalû
cutting off,
kaziztu
cutings,
cutings of resinous and
aromatic substances, plants yielding aromatic
substances, fragrance, ḫibištu
cut, deeply
cut, indented, adj., ḫuddudu
cut-off piece, anxiety, break, gully, panic, ḫīpu
cut off, to
cut off, kaṣābu
cut up,
adj., kartu
cut up,
chopped, pulled,
weeded, kasmu
cut, to cut,
ḫarāpu
cut, to cut
down, cut off, to set,
determine, incise, to cut in deeply, make clear,
clarify, to become ready, to
treat, consider, to adjust, to cut off, to deduct,
to correspond, ḫarāṣu
cut wood
trees, crush, to
smash, invalidate
(a document), hurt,
injure, ruin, repudiate (an agreement), split in
half, wreck, to destroy an
object, to break (a tablet), demolish, divide, to
break off, to break into, ḫepû
cut, to cut branches, arû
cut, to cut off hair or beard as
punishment, gadāmu
cut, to cut trees, erû
cut, to cut, trim, mutilate, gaṣāṣu
cutting,
weeding, of green plants,
kismu
Cypriote,
one coming from Cyprus, alašû
[1]
Akkadian, kukku, cake, bread, French, gâteau,
cake, Latvian, kūka,
cake, Finnish,
kakku, cake, Greek, κέικ, kéik,
cake, Irish, cáca
milis,
cake, Scots-Gaelic, cèic,
cake, Welsh, cacen,
cake, English,
cake [<ON kaka].
[2]
Note: Latin catus-a-um, sharp, cunning, adv.,
cate, Romanian, ascuțit, sharp,
Etruscan, cate, cates, cato (CATV),
catos (CATVS), kate, kati, kato (KATV)French,
astucieux,
dairy product, diktu, eldu, itirtu
dais, a
dais, ašukku
dam,
kāsiru
dam a river,
to lay across, to make a pavement, to
block, kesēru
dam,
embankment, facing, paving
block of a yard, wall or other construction, kisirtu
dam,
irrigation dike, kilâtu
dam of reeds,
pigsty, irritu
dam, to dam
(a canal or waterway),
obstruct, to immerse, soak, intertwine, to do
promptly?, to have done
promptly?, to have soaked, immersed, to become
intertwined?, to be done
promptly?, karāku
damage caused
by illegal action,
violence, lawlessness, *ḫabaltu
damage,
destruction, ḫabiltu
damage,
harm, sin, crime,
punishment, offense, misdeed, fault, act of
negligence, ḫiṭu
damage,
loss, ḫiṭītu
damage, to injure, to fail, to sin, to
trespass, to commit an offense, to neglect, to
make a mistake, miss, ḫaṭû
damage,
wrong, evil deed, ruins of a
city, misfortune, calamity, ḫibiltu
damaged?
*kussupu
damages
(i.e., restitution of losses
sustained), financial loss, ibissû
damages,
replacement, fine,
(Hurrian word, kazzaurnu)
damming of a
river, ḫišūtu
damp course,
base, foundation of a
building, wall, gate, etc., foundation of a reign,
government, administrative
or political reorganization (of a country or city),
discipline of an army,
social status or position, support, assurance of
continuation of a family,
bottom (of the interior of a container or of the
exterior of an object),
potstand, base of a tree, root of plants or parts of
the body and the exta,
lower extremities, stance, horizon, išdu
dance?,
to whirl, gâšu
dancing,
performing dances and music,
member of the temple-personnel (of Īštar),
actor, kulu’u
dangerous,
abundant, heavy, dense,
substantial, grievous, severe, serious, honored,
important, venerable,
influential person at the royal court, kabtu
dangerous,
terrible, overbearing, akṣu,
ekṣu, wakṣu
dangerous,
difficult, great, grave,
fortified, fierce, binding, heavy, hard, solid,
strong, thick,
massive, steady, loud, legitimate,
reliable, powerful, mighty, savage, serious,
obstinate, bad, tyrannical, harsh,
urgent, essential, imperative, pressing, dannu
dark,
da’ummu, du’ummu, eklu
dark,
adj. erpu
dark,
adj., extinguished, eṭû
dark,
cloudy, adj., ḫašû
dark, to
be dark, ekēlu
dark, to
be dark, dim, to darken, to
be darkened, to become gloomy, eṭû
dark, to
become dark, da’āmu
dark, to
become dark or dusky, erēpu
darken, to
darken, ḫašû,
darkening,
ādiru
darkness, ikiltu, ikletu, iklu
darkness, as
a name of the nether world,
kukkû
darkness, gloom, da’ummatu
darkness, misfortune, calamity, obscurement,
adirtu, idurtu, hidirtu, edirtu
dark, sad, adru, adirtu, idirtu
darkly, adv. *du’umiš
darling,
treasure, recommendation,
prosperity, profit, grace, favor (divine) grace,
gratitude, fame, fortune, good
fortune, good luck, well-being, fortune, beauty,
choice thing, dumqu
date, a
quality of dates, kimru
date
enclosure, an enclosed area for
delivery of dates, sheep enclosure, ḫaṣāru
date from
Telmun, issanu
date palm,
gišimmaru
date palm
branch, ḫarūtu
date palm,
a type of date palm,
elamittu
date palm, a
wild mountain variety,
gurummadu
date palm,
certain stage of growth, arḫānû
date palm
(describing the date palm),
adj., ḫardatānu
date palm,
describing a type of date
palm, adj., ḫulamētu
date palm
fiber, amšû, imbû
date palm
frond, leaf, aru
date palm
young shoot, ḫarû
dates, building for storing dates, kumurrû,
in bīt kumurrê
dates, bunch
of dates, gidmu
dates, dish
made of dates, ḫašilātu
dates, pressing of dates, sole of the foot,
in kibis šēpi, access, approach,
vestiges, traces, tracks, track (as a
physical feature), steps (made by human beings,
animals, demons, etc.,), walk,
gait, path, path (in metaphoric use), way of acting,
rite, behavior, etc.,
deduction, allowance, kibsu
dates, sorted
dates ready for transport,
kamru
daub, to
daub, eqû
daughter-in-law,
status of a daughter-in-law,
status of a woman living in a household other than
her father’s, conjugal love,
kallūtu
daughter-in-law,
wife of a son
living in his father’s household, bride,
sister-in-law, kallatu
day after
tomorrow, illidiš
day,
daytime, immu
day after
tomorrow, iššalšēni,
iššaššūme
day of wrath,
(Lit. day of wrath),
nineteenth day of the month, ibbû
day, spend a day, to arrange a festival,
ūmu
daze, in a
daze, intentionally,
neglect, to disregard, to be unable to, to be unused
to, (with negation) to be
unfamiliar with, to take cognizance of, to care for
something or somebody, to
be aware of, versed in something, familiar with, to
be experienced, to know
something or somebody, (with negation) to be
unfamiliar with, to be unused to,
knowingly, unwittingly, unconsciously, to mark, to
inform, to make known,
reveal, to recognize, identify, to assign, to be
recognized, revealed,
appointed, to announce, proclaim, to make
recognizable, to mark, to assign, idû
deaf,
ḫašikku
deaf-mute,
like a deaf-mute, adv., ḫašikkiš
defeat,
crushing defeat,
annihilation, divine overpowering weapon, kašūšu
defeat, to
capture or defeat an enemy,
to capture, to overcome, to ensnare, in transferred
meanings and magical
contexts, to attach (as a technical term), kamû
deaf person,
obstruction of the ear,
amīru
death symptom, of approaching death of a patient,
ḫūqu
decorate,
to sprinkle, elēḫu
debility,
feebleness, ekûtu
debit, at
the debit of, against,
above, on, upon, over, to, towards, more than,
beyond, on account of, eli
debt,
obligation, ḫabullu, ḫubultu
debt,
obligation (with interest),
interest, ḫubullu
debtor,
ḫubbulu
debtor,
ḫubullu, in amēl ḫubulli
debtor’s
prison, ḫubullu, in bīt ḫubulli
debt
remission, andurāru
debts,
regulations concerning the
release of private debts, regulations
governing specific legal
procedures, kubussû
debris,
dust, earth, loose
earth, scales,
ore, mortar, territory,
soil, area volume, eperu
decant,
to be decanted, shovel, to
scrape together, collect, to gather, to gather up,
esēpu
deceitful
woman, witch, elēnītu
deceitful
words, elēnēti
decent,
just, loyal, normal, honest,
legitimate, sound, regular, reliable, true, correct,
firm (in place), kīnu
deception, garment, upper or outer garment,
insincerity, high land, high
terrain, outside, outer or upper part, penthouse,
top part, top pack,
millstone, upper millstone, elītu
decide,
to make a decision, report,
establish diplomatic relations, tēmu
decision,
verdict, judgement,
punishment, legal practice, law, law article, case,
lawsuit, claim, court, dīnu
decree,
royal command, dātu
decorate,
to decorate, zinnātu
decoration, a
decoration, arkabu
decoration, a
decoration, a log, a
part of the body, kiplu
decoy,
bird used for decoy, arru
decoy,
use as a decoy, arrūtu
dedicate an
offering, to dedicate an offering
by pronouncing the relevant formulas, to
pronounce formulas of greeting,
homage, adoration, praise, and to
pronounce formulas of blessing (said of gods and
divine powers and
manifestations), to invoke blessings upon other
persons for a specific purpose,
before the images of the gods, to pray to the gods,
to make the gesture of
adoration or greeting, karābu
deduct,
to correspond, to consider,
to clarify, make clear, incise, to cut, to
cut down, cut off, to cut in deeply, determine, to
set, to become ready, to
treat, to adjust, to cut off, ḫarāṣu
deduction,
allowance, behavior,
rite, way of acting, pressing of dates,
sole of the foot, in kibis šēpi,
access, approach, vestiges, traces, tracks, track
(as a physical feature),
steps (made by human beings, animals, demons,
etc.,), walk, gait, path, path
(in metaphoric use), etc., kibsu
deductions,
ḫirṣētu
deed,
act, evil machination,
witchcraft, work, achievement, equipment, rendering
and settling of accounts,
speech, command, ipšu
deed, to
do a deed, ipšu-a’
deed, to
do a good deed, perform a
favor, damiqtu
deed,
base deed, to commit a base
deed, gillatu, gullultu
deeds, to
perform deeds, alkakātu
deer,
jālu
deer,
hind, ajalatu
deer,
stag, ajalu,
jalu, julu
defeat an
enemy, to make compact, to
bother, to crush, to step into something unclean
accidentally, to step upon
something on purpose, to make people do work, to
press people, to stamp out a
fire, to suppress noise, to full cloth, to let time
pass, to stride, to walk
upon, to pace off, to make regulations, to come in,
to exert oneself, to put
pressure upon a person, to drop a claim, a case, to
forgive, pardon a sin, to
put reciprocal pressure on each other, to allow to
walk about, to trample, to
make a road or ramp by compressing and stamping the
soil, to make concessions,
to submit oneself, kabāsu,
defeat, to defeat an enemy, to conquer a
country, a city, to find, to be
sufficient, to approach ( a person, an authority),
with a claim, a
complaint, to
amount to, to
reach, to reach and equal in value, arrive
(said of a moment in time), to be victorious, to
capture an enemy, to arrest a
fugitive, a criminal, to surprise (in the act), to
seize (said of diseases,
evil spirits, misfortunes, etc.), to obtain a wish,
knowledge, good health,
luck, a friend, to attain old age, to win a case, to
obtain possession of
objects, merchandise, etc., to get hold of (in
various shades of meaning), to
finish completely, to chase away, pursue, to drive
away, drive into exile, to
disinherit, to drive away evil spirits, to remove
sins, etc., to make a
journey, to drive (horses), to approach someone, to
defeat an enemy, to
conquer, to raid, to make prisoner, to seize, to
send, to pertain to property,
to a right, etc., kašādu
defeat,
to annihilate, kamāru
defeat,
decisive defeat, massacre,
carnage, abiktu, apiktu, abkūtu
defeat,
fight, to smite, be killed,
execute, kill, to kill a person or animal, murder,
break a tablet, dâku
defect, bodily defect, kuṣṣuṣu
defective
(said of objects), a
characteristic bodily trait, adj., ḫubbušu
deficit,
loss, imbû
deformation
of the exta, karšu
deformation,
a deformation of part of
the exta-orum, entrails, such as heart, liver,
lungs, expanse, might, mass,
gipšu
deformed
parts of the body
(describing), referring to barley processed by the ḫāmišu, adj., ḫamšu
deformity of
the ear, ḫazīmu
deity, a
protective deity, ankurû
deity, female deity, goddess, iltu
deity,
god, the god, protective
deity (daimon), demon, evil spirit, good fortune,
luck, spirit of a deceased
child, image of a deity, a pair of gods, ilu
deity status,
divine power, divine
nature, divine rank, ilūtu
diety, to
think of a deity = to heed
a diety, to be
pious, to think of a
person (said of gods and kings = to care for, to be
mindful of, remember, to be
mindul of something, to listen to somebody, to refer
to something/somebody, to
refer to something/somebody, to mention, to be
intelligent, understanding, to
plan, to remind, to study, investigate, to worry, to
remind, to give
information, to pay attention, to be concerned,
worried, ḫasāsu
deity,
describing a deity represented as
making a gesture of adoration, designating a
person performing a specific
religious act, kāribu
deity,
tutelary deity, group of
stars, angubbû
deity, a woman devotee of a deity, kulmašītu
dejection,
worry, depression, ašuštu
delay,
cause delay, hand over,
proceed, to make pass on or proceed, advance on or
continue a journey, to march
in review, to go through with a ritual, avert,
transfer, to be transferred, to
transgress, to be transgressed, to go beyond or
exceed, to by-pass, avoid, move
objects past, go overland, elapse, to cross, pass
along (walking), to pass by,
to pass through, to send on overland, to pass
objects on, to allow time to
elapse, to allow persons or boats to pass, etēqu
delay,
delay a boat, to detain, hold
back a person, to keep in custody, in confinement,
to distrain, to prevent, to
hinder, to withhold, refuse goods, merchandise,
deliveries, to keep, withhold a
document, a tablet, to deny a wish, a request, to
withhold a document, tablet,
to deny a wish, request, to withhold tribute, gifts,
to stop, detain, to cut
off, deny water for irrigation, to retain food,
urine, etc., to block progress,
a road, to check an animal, to reserve, to place at
someone’s disposal, to keep
available, to finish, to bring to an end, to stop,
interrupt doing something,
to come to an end, to be finished, to cease to be
delayed with negation, to do
something without ceasing, without delay,
immediately, to stop repeatedly, to
hold up, to hold back, to cause to detain, to keep
someone from doing
something, to hinder, to stop, to cause to stop, to
hold back, to be held back,
to be delayed (referring to persons), to be
confined, to be retained, to be
withheld (referring to objects), to be finished, to
be closed, to remain, to
stay, to be kept away, to cease, to stop, to linger
behind, kalû
delay, to
delay, to be delayed, kuṣṣudu
deliver,
to make regular deliveries,
iškaru
delivery due
on an ilku-duty, ilku, in ša ilki
deliver, to
be or deliver in good time,
to hasten, to be quick, to be too soon, to send
quickly, to send promptly, to
do quickly, ḫamāṭu
deluge,
flood, abūbānis
demanding,
errēšu
demolish,
cut wood trees, crush, to
smash, invalidate
(a document), hurt,
injure, ruin, repudiate (an agreement), split in
half, wreck, to destroy an
object, to break (a tablet), divide, to break off,
to break into, ḫepû
demon, a
demon, gulūlu
demon, a
demon, monstrous shape,
stillborn or premature child, kūbu
demon, a
female demon, ardat lilī,
kiskilīlu
demon, a
female demon, an insect, a
plant, ḫallulaja
demon, an
evil demon, gallû
demon and
disease it causes, asakku
demon,
deity, god, the god,
protective deity (daimon), evil spirit, good
fortune, luck, spirit of a
deceased child, image of a deity, a pair of gods,
ilu
demon like a
gallû demon, adv., gallâniš
demon
locality, ekur
demon,
month name, ḫultuppu
dense,
opaque, to be
thick, ḫaṣābu
denounce,
to accuse, ḫullu
denounce,
disturb, embarrass, blur
eyes, stir up, roil water, interfere, confuse,
become troubled, dalāhu
denouncer,
ḫālû
deny, to deny
a wish, a request, deny water for
irrigation, delay, delay
a boat, to detain, hold back a person, to keep in
custody, in confinement, to
distrain, to prevent, to hinder, to withhold, refuse
goods, merchandise,
deliveries, to keep, withhold a document, a tablet,
to withhold a document,
tablet, to deny a wish, request, to withhold
tribute, gifts, to stop, detain,
to cut off, to retain food, urine, etc., to block
progress, a road, to check an
animal, to reserve, to place at someone’s disposal,
to keep available, to
finish, to bring to an end, to stop, interrupt doing
something, to come to an
end, to be finished, to cease to be delayed with
negation, to do something
without ceasing, without delay, immediately, to stop
repeatedly, to hold up, to
hold back, to cause to detain, to keep someone from
doing something, to hinder,
to stop, to cause to stop, to hold back, to be held
back, to be delayed
(referring to persons), to be confined, to be
retained, to be withheld
(referring to objects), to be finished, to be
closed, to remain, to stay, to be
kept away, to cease, to linger behind, kalû
depart,
go out, escape, to leave,
come out of a temple, etc., to rise (of stars), to
grow, disappear, așû
dependent,
poor, powerless, isānû,
in la išānû
deposed,
darsu
depression,
dejection, worry, ašuštu
depression,
hole, ḫuppu
depression,
to be in depression, in
a stupor, kâru
deprive,
to take away, to need,
require, to desire, to like, to be brought to want,
to be wanting, ḫašāḫu
depth,
bedrock, firm ground, force,
fort, fortified house and area, severity, strength
(physical), power, violence,
foundation, lump, dunnu
depths,
subteranean waters, deep
culvurt?, asurrakku
descendance,
child, posterity, darku
descend,
to descend, erēdu
descend, to
descend to the horizon
(in astrology), to
suffer physical
collapse, to submit oneself?, to be low or short,
katātu
desert,
abandon, to abandon, to
leave, leave behind, to neglect, disregard, to leave
something with or to a
person, to entrust, to reserve, set aside, to leave
behind, to leave to
posterity, to leave a token remnant of land, to lend
money, to bequeath, to
divorce, to make out a legal document, to spare,
leave out, to save, to be
saved, to leave one another, ezēbu
desert,
uninhabited place, ḫuribtu
deserted
place, ruin, ḫarību
deserted
place, wasteland, ḫurbū
deserted
places, ḫurbānu
deserter,
eṭṭēru
design,
plan, borderline, iṣratu
desirable,
ḫamūdu
desirable,
supplies, useful, need,
needed materials, lack, necessities, beloved object,
ḫišiḫtu
desire,
to be desired, crave, to
ask, to request, required, erēšu
desire,
to need, deprive, to take
away, require, to like, to be brought to want, to be
wanting, ḫašāḫu
desire,
wish,
erēšu, izimtu[1]
desired
object, wish, request,
ominous mark in divination, erištu
desolation,
waste, armūtu
despair,
to be worried, disturbed,
to cause distress, suffer from spasms, to mistreat,
ašāšu
despoil, to rob, a house, to shave, to cut and
shave hair of head or body,
to consecrate a priest by shaving the hair of his
head and body, gullubu
despoil,
to rob, to
take off clothing by force, strip, ḫamāṣu
destiny, plan
of destiny, iṣiru
destitute,
arû
destitute,
empty, empty handed,
naked, erû
destitute,
poor, katû
destitution,
erīsūtu
destitution,
poverty, katûtu
destroy an
object, divide, demolish,
cut wood trees, crush, to smash,
invalidate (a document), hurt, injure, ruin,
repudiate (an agreement),
split in half, wreck, to break (a tablet), to break
off, to break into, ḫepû
destroy
buildings, objects, lay waste,
ruin a region, abātu
destroy,
to flee, to escape, to help
escape, to cause a loss, to cause losses, perish, to
become missing or lost,
vanish, to disappear,
to make
disappear, ḫalāqu
destroy,
to ravage, to undo, to
wrong, to
do wrong to a person, to
take away, oppress, ḫabālu
destroy, to trample
upon, thresh barley by stomping on it,
dāšu
destroyed?,
adj., ḫazīlu
destruction? damtu
destruction,
place of destruction?
kigullu
destruction, damage, ḫabiltu
destructive
insect, kazazakku
detain, to detain, delay, hold back a person,
to keep in custody, in
confinement, to distrain, to prevent, to hinder, to
withhold, refuse goods,
merchandise, deliveries, to keep, withhold a
document, a tablet, to deny a
wish, a request, to withhold a document, tablet, to
deny a wish, request, to
withhold tribute, gifts, to stop, detain, delay a
boat, to cut off, deny water
for irrigation, to retain food, urine, etc., to
block progress, a road, to
check an animal, to reserve, to place at someone’s
disposal, to keep available,
to finish, to bring to an end, to stop, interrupt
doing something, to come to
an end, to be finished, to cease to be delayed with
negation, to do something
without ceasing, without delay, immediately, to stop
repeatedly, to hold up, to
hold back, to cause to detain, to keep someone from
doing something, to hinder,
to stop, to cause to stop, to hold back, to be held
back, to be delayed
(referring to persons), to be confined, to be
retained, to be withheld
(referring to objects), to be finished, to be
closed, to remain, to stay, to be
kept away, to cease, to stop, to linger behind, kalû
detain, to keep waiting, ḫalālu
detainment,
place of detainment,
prison, kīlu,
in bīt kīli
determine,
to cut, to cut down, cut off, to set,
incise, to cut in deeply, make
clear, clarify, to become ready, to treat, consider,
to adjust, to cut off, to
deduct, to correspond, ḫarāṣu
devastated,
wasted, adj., ḫarbu
devastation,
ḫarbūtu
devastation, flight, rout, ruin, arbūtu
device, a
mechanical device, homer,
donkey, male donkey, a part of a lung, a bird, imēru
device or lot
to determine a selection,
kipputtātu
devise,
to plot, to make a plot, to make someone
plot, to plan, to take care of,
kapādu
devotee, a
woman devotee of a deity,
kulmašītu
diagram,
characteristic, feature,
sign, mark, omen, ominous, sign, password, signal,
inside information, notice,
acknowledgment, written proof, ittu
diameter,
mass, thickness, kubru
diaphragm, wound caused by piercing, severed,
part, pain, piercing pain,
dikšu
difficult,
distorted, crooked,
complex, intertwined, entangled, crossed, untrue,
adj., itguru
difficult,
great, grave, fortified,
fierce, binding, heavy, hard, solid, strong,
thick, massive, steady, loud, legitimate,
reliable, powerful, mighty,
savage, dangerous, serious, obstinate, bad,
tyrannical, harsh, urgent, essential,
imperative, pressing, dannu
difficult,
fierce, strong, hard, ašṭu
difficult, to
become difficult,
lethargic, massive, fat, to
become
heavy, rich, bothersome, to become painful, to
become important, honored, to
hatch (said of a bird), to honor a person, to show
respect, to give honor, to
pay respect to gods, to parents, to respect an oath,
to aggravate, make
difficult, etc., to extinguish a fire, to be
honored, to underline the
importance of, to make heavy, kabātu
difficultly,
with difficultly,
hardly, danna
difficulty,
obscurity, itgurūtu
digger,
ḫērû
digger, a professional digger, ḫērijānu
digging work,
ḫerūtu
dike,
irrigation dike, dam, kilâtu
dike,
plot of land surrounded by a
dike, iku
dike
(surrounding fields to keep the
irrigation water inside the field), a type of marshy
ground affected by
salinity, kālû
dilapidated,
to become dilapidated,
nidûtu
dilapidated,
to become dilapidated,
become weak, impoverished, shaky, to be out of
funds, enēšu
dilapidation,
exhaustion, weariness,
disrepair, anḫūtu
diluted,
ḫīqu
dim,
cloudy (said only of the eyes),
apû
dim,
dark, to be dark, to darken, to
be darkened, to become gloomy, eṭû
dimly,
faintly visible, adriš
din (as
in the din of loud voices), ḫubūru
din,
clamor, rumor, loud cry,
uproar, ikkillu
diplomacy,
establish diplomatic
relations, decide, to make a decision, report, tēmu
dipper,
elû, in ša mē šūli
direction,
order, iqbû
dirges, chief
singer of dirges in the
temple, chief of the lamentation priests,
kalamāḫu
dirty state,
aruštu
dirty,
unclean, aršu
disappear,
tubqu
disappear,
come out of a temple,
etc., depart, go out, escape, to leave, to rise (of
stars), to grow, așû
disappear to
disappear, *guzzû
disappear,
to vanish, to become
missing or lost, perish, to escape, to flee, to make
disappear, cause a loss,
to help escape, to cause losses, to destroy, ḫalāqu
disarranged,
to become disarranged
or the like, ḫašû
discipline of
an army, foundation of
a building, wall, gate, etc., foundation of a reign
or government, base,
administrative or political reorganization
(of a country or city), social status or position,
support, assurance of
continuation of a family, bottom (of the interior of
a container or of the
exterior of an object), potstand, base of a tree,
root of plants or parts of
the body and the exta, lower extremities, stance,
horizon, damp course, išdu
disciplined,
to be well disciplined,
correct, to
place an object
correctly or in a specific place (said of ritual and
votive objects, of
tablets, food, and other objects), to place parts of
a construction in correct
position, honest, endure, to remain in effect, to
last, to be secure (said of a
foundation), a rule, a position, to remain
stationary (said of planets), to be
firm in place, to be loyal, reliable, to remain
quantitatively constant, to set
up a stela, a boundary stone, an inscription, an
image, to establish the
foundation of a building, to erect a wall, a
building, a city, to lay out a
watercourse, a boundary, to impose tribute, a fine,
to levy taxes, to establish
regular deliveries and offerings, etc., to establish
laws, regulations,
rituals, fame, to organize, to put in order, to
assign a person to a position,
an office, to grant, assign good fortune a calamity,
etc., to assign fields,
houses, staples, etc., to maintain and preserve the
rule, the life of a person,
the safety of an object, the permanence of a city,
etc., to testify, to make a
statement as a witness, to act as a witness, to
establish as true by means of
witnesses, to confirm, to certify, to establish (in
math and astronomy), to be
confirmed, kânu
disease,
a disease, arḫānû, arurtu, dimītu,
dugānu, ešû, ḫammu, ḫašû, ḫidar
issūri, keltu, kullaru
disease, a
disease, bird, worm,
išqippu, kissatu
disease, a
skin disease, kiṣṣatu
disease, a
skin disease, a head
covering, ḫazīqatu
disease, a
symptom of disease, ḫurpu
disease,
cause called, ruqbūtu
disease,
caused by a demon, asakku
disease, an
intestinal disease,
fetter, bond, kīsu
disease
making a priest unfit, ḫisgalû
disease,
need, scarcity, famine,
lack, requirement, ḫušaḫḫu
disease of
sheep, a constriction, ḫunūqu
disease of
the head, ašru
disease,
person with a disease, ḫaḫītu,
in ša ḫaḫītim
disease
(probably paralysis), ḫimītu
disease,
stricture as a disease,
congestion, contingent of soldiers, ridge wall,
tablet, list, kiṣirtu
disguised
performance, to perform in
various disguises, to be abundant, kapāšu
disguises, a
performer using various disguises,
kāpišu
diseases,
to inflict diseases, join
together, to be joined together, unite, support,
tax, impose taxes, fines,
load, land a boat, lean, to lean against, to reach,
to cling to, to come in
contact, to stand nearby, take cover, refuge, to
place a lean upon or against
something, to assign, accuse, mix, add up, meet,
emēdu
dish made of
metal, ḫuruppu
dishonesty,
treachery, dāṣtu
disinherit,
to disinherit, to drive
away, drive into exile, to drive away evil spirits,
to drive (horses), to chase
away, to finish completely,
to get hold of (in various shades of meaning), to
attain old age, to obtain a
wish, knowledge, good health, luck, a friend, to
obtain possession of objects,
merchandise, etc., to seize (said of diseases, evil
spirits, misfortunes,
etc.), to surprise (in the act), to arrest a
fugitive, a criminal, to be
victorious, to defeat an enemy, to conquer a
country, a city, to find, to be
sufficient, to approach ( a person, an authority),
with a claim, a
complaint, to
amount to, to
reach, to reach and equal in value, arrive
(said of a moment in time), to capture an enemy, to
win a case, pursue, to
remove sins, etc., to make a journey, to approach
someone, to defeat an enemy,
to conquer, to raid, to make prisoner, to seize, to
send, to pertain to
property, to a right, etc., kašādu
disk, metal
disk weighing one talent,
round loaf of bread, kakkaru
dislocated,
adj., itaḫlaṣānu
disloyal,
untruthful, person, kīnātu
dissolve,
to become liquid, to exude
(a liquid), ḫâlu
disorder,
confusion, eclipse, ešâtu
dispatch,
lift up, call and dispatch
soldiers, move troops into battle, arouse from
sleep, raise, clear away,
remove, move, to move to another location, to make
rise and depart, to collect
taxes, to summon officials, call up workers,
mobilize, to prompt, dekû
dispatch,
send, insure the correct
performance of a ritual, to make do the right thing,
thrive, to prosper, to
inject an enema, clear
up, to give
birth easily, to charge (an enemy), straighten up,
to go
straight toward, to thrive, to prosper, to
be or become all right, to move the bowels, to
proceed, to move straight ahead,
to cause to move along a straight or correct course
to prepare, to proceed,
march on, to put or keep in good order, to set
aright, to provide justice, to
give correct decisions, to advance against, to
become successful, to be put in
order, to be fitted out correctly, ešēru
displace,
to shift, to change, to
invert, to revoke terms, commands, retract,
substitute, alternate, interchange,
replace one another, to be revoked, enû
displeasure,
divine displeasure, divine wrath,
kimiltu
dispute,
to hold a disputation, ṣalûtu
disregard,
to be unable to, to be
unused to, (with negation) to be unfamiliar with, to
take cognizance of, to
care for something or somebody, to be aware of,
versed in something, familiar
with, to be experienced, to know something or
somebody, (with negation) to be
unfamiliar with, to be unused to, to neglect,
knowingly, intentionally,
unwittingly, unconsciously, in a daze, to mark, to
inform, to make known,
reveal, to recognize, identify, to assign, to be
recognized, revealed,
appointed, to announce, proclaim, to make
recognizable, to mark, to assign, idû
disregard it!,
never mind!,
interj., ezib
disregard, to
disregard, ḫašû
distorted,
crooked, complex,
intertwined, entangled, crossed, difficult, untrue,
adj., itguru
distrain,
keep in custody, in
confinement, hold
back a person, delay,
to detain, to prevent, to hinder, to withhold,
refuse goods, merchandise,
deliveries, to keep, withhold a document, a tablet,
to deny a wish, a request,
to withhold a document, tablet, to deny a wish,
request, to withhold tribute,
gifts, to stop, detain, delay a boat, to cut off,
deny water for irrigation, to
retain food, urine, etc., to block progress, a road,
to check an animal, to
reserve, to place at someone’s disposal, to keep
available, to finish, to bring
to an end, to stop, interrupt doing something, to
come to an end, to be
finished, to cease to be delayed with negation, to
do something without
ceasing, without delay, immediately, to stop
repeatedly, to hold up, to hold
back, to cause to detain, to keep someone from doing
something, to hinder, to
stop, to cause to stop, to hold back, to be held
back, to be delayed (referring
to persons), to be confined, to be retained, to be
withheld (referring to
objects), to be finished, to be closed, to remain,
to stay, to be kept away, to
cease, to stop, to linger behind, kalû
distrainee,
status of a person given as
a distrainee for a debt, indemnity (for alost
object), replacement (for a
distrained person), kiššatu
distrainment,
house of distrainment, kissātu, in bīt
kissāti
distress,
cause distress, disturbed,
despair, distraught, worried, suffer from spasms, to
mistreat, ašāšu
distress,
confusion, dalihtu
distress,
famine, hard times,
fortress, fortified place, ground, terrain,
foundation pit bottom, cold
weather, part of window, valid tablet, dannatu
distressed,
to be distressed? kâdu
district, fortress, fortification,
ḫalṣu
disturb,
denounce, embarrass, blur
eyes, stir up, roil water, interfere, confuse,
become troubled, dalāhu
disturbed,
blurred, muddy, cloudy,
confused, dalhu
disturbed,
despair, distraught,
worried, to cause or be in distress, suffer from
spasms, to mistreat, ašāšu
divine order, to establish order by divine action,
parșū-a’
ditch,
ḫarītu
ditch, canal, river bank, rim of a pot,
edge of a well, sea shore, amulet
or piece of jewelry worn around the neck, string of
beads, throat (of a human
being, a god, or an animal, ofen including the head
and shoulders), neck,
necklace, neck scarf, etc., kišādu
ditch,
canal, moat, ḫirītu
ditch,
excavation, ḫarāṣu
ditch,
like a ditch, adv., ikiš
ditch,
moat, ḫarīṣu, ḫirīṣu, ḫīru
ditch, or
canal, ḫālilu
ditch, to
make a ditch, to excavate,
to dredge a river, to make an incision, ḫaṭāṭu
ditches, land
drained by ditches,
kaslu
divide,
demolish, cut wood trees,
crush, to smash,
invalidate (a
document), hurt, injure, ruin, repudiate (an
agreement), split in half, wreck,
to destroy an object, to break (a tablet), to break
off, to break into, ḫepû
divination,
to perform a divination,
ritual, plant, to cultivate, happens, is, build,
construct, manufacture, to
practice witchcraft, treat person or thing, to
permit (said of gods), to
proceed, act, to act, be active, epēšu
divination,
to perform a divination
by means of oil, šamnu
divine anger,
outbreak of divine anger
against a specific enemy, terminating with a cry of
triumph over his
annihilation, triumph, victory, irnittu
divine
displeasure, divine wrath,
kimiltu
divine
overpowering weapon,
annihilation, crushing defeat, kašūšu
divine power,
divine nature, divine
rank, status of a deity, ilūtu
divine
protection (mainly for the
citizens of a city), divinely enforced security
(symbolized by a sacred
insigne), kidinnu
divine
symbol, neck guard, necklace,
kurinnu
divine, the
divine (an epithet of
Īštar, lit. the Divine), ištarītu
divine,
to perform a divination,
bārûtu
divine,
to divine omens from a bird,
iššūru
divine weapon,
denoting a specific divine weapon,
overpowering (as a divine
epithet), adj., kaškaššu
divine
weapon, probably an ax,
kulpašu
divine wrath,
divine displeasure,
kimiltu
diviner,
a diviner, ensû
diviner,
augur, observer of birds
for divination pirposes, dāgil iššūre
diviner
procedures, fastening,
stability, kūnu
divorce money,
balance, rest,
remainder, pledge, ezibtu
divorced,
status of a divorced woman,
azzubūtu
do, to do
something without ceasing,
without delay, immediately,
interrupt doing something, to keep someone
from doing something, to
reserve, to check an animal, to block progress, a
road, retain food, urine,
etc., cut off, to deny a wish, a request, deny water
for irrigation, delay,
delay a boat, to detain, hold back a person, to keep
in custody, in
confinement, to distrain, to prevent, to hinder, to
withhold, refuse goods,
merchandise, deliveries, to keep, withhold a
document, a tablet, to withhold a
document, tablet, to deny a wish, request, to
withhold tribute, gifts, to stop,
detain, to place at someone’s disposal, to keep
available, to finish, to bring
to an end, to stop, to come to an end, to be
finished, to cease to be delayed
with negation, to stop repeatedly, to hold up, to
hold back, to cause to
detain, to hinder, to stop, to cause to stop, to
hold back, to be held back, to
be delayed (referring to persons), to be confined,
to be retained, to be
withheld (referring to objects), to be finished, to
be closed, to remain, to
stay, to be kept away, to cease, to stop, to linger
behind, kalû
do, to do
or act, epēšu
document,
sealed clay tablet (legal or
administrative document, also a letter),
vertebra, cylinder seal, seal
impression produced by a cylinder seal, kunukku
document,
sealed document, imriqqu
document,
sealed document, seal, kanku
document,
sealed document, sealed
bag,
kaniktu, kanīku
document,
to draw up a document, šaṭāru,
u’iltu
document,
to draw up a document,
read a tablet aloud, tuppu
document,
to make out a legal
document, to abandon, to desert, to leave, leave
behind, to neglect, disregard,
to leave something with or to a person, to entrust,
to reserve, set aside, to
leave behind, to leave to posterity, to leave a
token remnant of land, to lend
money, to bequeath, to divorce, to spare, leave out,
to save, to be saved, to
leave one another, ezēbu
dog,
constellation Hercules, a fish,
kalbu
dog, female
dog, bitch, a
leather part of the plow, kalbatu
dog, like a
dog, kalbāniš
dogs, hunting
dogs keeper, kalbu, in
ša kalbē
domestic,
to do domestic service, abarakkūtu
domestics of
a palace, temple or
large estate, often attached as attendants to the
person of a king, girseqû
dominant?
kāšišu
dominate,
to exercise world
dominion, kiššūtu
dominion,
chair, sedan chair,
throne, rule, royal property and service, a feature
of the exta, name of a
month, saddle, part of a chariot or a plow, kussû
don a garment
or weapon, edēqu
donkey,
emāru, ḫimāru
donkey, a
type of donkey, kibšu
donkey, a
wild donkey, ḫarādu
donkey
caravan, kanšu
donkey
caravan (of commerce), army,
kinship group, crew, cohorts, clique, confederates,
clan, host, troops (of the
enemy), collegium, pack of dogs, illatu
donkey driver,
kāṣiru
donkey driver,
imēru, in ša imērišu
donkey driver
(employed in the
transportation of goods overland), kaṣṣāru
donkey
driver, relationship of the
donkey driver to his employer, kaṣṣāruttu
donkey foal,
ḫāru
donkey
harness, part of a donkey harness,
gutappû
donkey, male
donkey, homer, a
mechanical device, a part of a lung, a bird, imēru
donkey saddle,
dakšiu
do-nothing,
ēpišu, in la ēpišu
doom, to
bring about doom, mītūtu
door, a door, didbû, ērimtu, eššû, gišdabtû,
gudūgu, ikku, ikzu
door, (a
foreign word) andurû, ḫarali
door, a kind of door, arkabinnu
door, a type
of door, kardû
door, a word
for door, a type of net
for the fowler and fisherman,
kātimtu
door, (an
instrument of the conjurer),
gišburru
door,
poetic term for “locking one,”
ēdiltu
door, part of a door, giššakanakku, iklallû
door, part of
a door, a container, ḫapḫappu
door, part of a door (same as part of wooden
loom), asû
door, part of a door decoration that is metal,
ašītu
door, part of a door, wooden part of the
door frame, probably the
threshold, kanakku
door, part of
a door, wooden object,
ḫuntu
door,
sluice-gate of a canal, daltu
door, to
close a door, a pot, to
veil, to cover, close, (the eyes, the face, the
lips, etc.), to overwhelm, to
seize and hold persons, conceal, to appropriate
illegally, to be clothed, to
provide with clothing, to be covered, clothed, clap
down, to cover, to clap
down (said of a trap), to cover with garments, etc.,
to cover tightly, to cover
with earth, etc., covered, to cover the body, to
cover with dust, sand, (the
sky) with smoke, etc., to constrict to conceal,
close a pot, a door, to cover
up, katāmu
door strap,
leather, ajīti
doorkeeper,
atû
doorkeeper
chief, atû
doorkeeper
stipend, prebend,
revenue, atûtu
doorstop,
wedge, aškuttu
double,
adj., eṣpu
double,
to multiply, to twine, eṣēpu
dough, a
piece of dough, girṣu
dove, a
wild dove, araššānu, in rab atê
dowel or a metal rivet, kammu
dowel or
peg, kaksallû
downtrodden,
kubbusu
dragonfly,
kallat Ŝamaš, kulīlu
drained, land
drained by ditches,
kaslu
draw near,
to approach (said of
events), *ekēpu
draw, to
draw, make a drawing, eṣēru
draw, to
draw, to make a drawing, to
incise a relief, to apportion lots, esēqu
drawing,
eṣirtu, iṣurtu
drawn,
eṣru
drawing,
eṣurtu
draw water
from a well, dalû
draw water or wine, to exhaust the water of a well,
ḫabû
drawing of
water, dālûtu, dilûtu
dream,
ḫiltu
dream, interpreter, ḫarṭibi
dredge a river, to excavate, to make a ditch,
to make an incision, ḫaṭāṭu
dress, a
linen dress? kandarasanu
drilled, adj., (plowed and sown, said of
fields), eršu
drinking
flask, a small container of metal, glass, or clay
serving as drinking
flask, alabastron, and libation jar, kukkubu
drive, to
drive away, ubbuku
drive, to
drive away, drive into
exile, to drive away evil spirits, to drive
(horses), to chase away, to finish completely,
to get hold of (in various
shades of meaning), to attain old age, to obtain a
wish, knowledge, good
health, luck, a friend, to obtain possession of
objects, merchandise, etc., to
seize (said of diseases, evil spirits, misfortunes,
etc.), to surprise (in the
act), to arrest a fugitive, a criminal, to be
victorious, to defeat an enemy,
to conquer a country, a city, to find, to be
sufficient, to approach ( a
person, an authority), with a claim, a complaint, to amount
to,
to reach, to reach and equal in value, arrive
(said of a moment in
time), to capture an enemy, to win a case, pursue,
to disinherit, to remove
sins, etc., to make a journey, to approach someone,
to defeat an enemy, to
conquer, to raid, to make prisoner, to seize, to
send, to pertain to property,
to a right, etc., kašādu
driven out,
pursued, kuššudu
driver,
donkey driver, kāṣiru
driver, ox
driver, leading ox, ox
used for plowing, kullizu
driver, work
of an ox driver,
kullizūtu
dromedary,
Arabian camel, ibilu
droop, to
curl, to be curled, to bend
over, kapāṣu
drop, to drop
a claim, a case,
pardon a sin, to make people do work, to submit
oneself, to put pressure upon a person, to
put reciprocal pressure on each
other, to press people, to pace off, to
walk upon, to stride, to forgive, to defeat an
enemy, to make compact, to
bother, to crush, to step into something unclean
accidentally, to step upon
something on purpose, to stamp out a fire, to
suppress noise, to full cloth, to
let time pass, to make regulations, to come in, to
exert oneself, to allow to walk
about, to trample, to make a road or ramp by
compressing and stamping the soil,
to make concessions, kabāsu
dropsy,
agannutillû, etillû
drought,
famine, arurtu
drug, a
drug, gabru, in imdi gabri
drum, a drum, *kušgugalû
drum, a
wooden drum, alû
drum player,
player of the wooden
drum, alû, in ṣa alê
drummer,
musician playing on a drum,
ēpiš balaggi
drum skin,
of the lilissu-drum,
ḫuppu
dry, to
dry up, īūbulu
dry,
dried, ablu, abiltu, adj.
drug,
medicinal drug, aršuzuzil
dual,
ittān
duck, a kind
of duck or goose,
kurukku
duck (lit.
large bird), iṣṣūru rabû
dues, a kind
of dues or tax, ḫallatu
dues,
correctness, offering, regular
offering, normality, ginû
dues or
income registered in a special
ledger or
list on a wooden tablet,
wooden board (as part of a window, part of a brick
mold, etc.), kiskirru
dues payable
to the kaššu-official, kaššu, in ša
kašši
dug, dug up,
dug out, adj., ḫirû
dug up,
adj., ḫarru
duly,
according to expectation, in
due form, correctly, truthfully, loyally, steadily,
firmly, kīniš
duly,
justice, justly, fidelity,
loyalty, loyally, normal state, truth, in truth,
truly, correct procedures,
correctness, treaty, kittu
dung beetle, chin, kanzūzu
dung,
excrement of animals, kabû
duplicate,
copy, opponent, gabarû
durable,
enduring, everlasting,
perpetual, lasting, dārû
dusky, to
become dusky, dark, erēpu
dust,
aparu, ḫaparu
dust cloud,
mist, akāmu, agāmu
dust,
earth, loose earth, debris,
scales, ore, mortar, territory, soil, area volume,
eperu
duty,
export duty, expeditionary
force, așitu
duty,
task, certificate of
assignment, assignment, assigned working
material (for a crafsman), share (assigned to
an official), isiḫtu
dwelling,
adda’u
dye, a
color or dye, a fruit tree, ḫenzūru
dye, a
description of a dye, adj.,
*gurrubu
dye, a
dye, dimurû, ḫatḫūru
dye and color
made from it, kinaḫḫu
dye made from
a plant or its parts,
the plant itself and its parts, ḫūratu
dye, mineral dye, alluḫaru, allaḫaru,
annuḫaru
dye, red dye,
ḫurḫuratu
[1]
Note: Akkadian, erēšu,
izimtu, to desire, erištu, wish, request,
object of desire, ominous mark,
Persian, ârezu, desire,
ârezu kardan, ارزو کردن to
wish, Scots-Gaelic, a dh
'iarraidh, to wish,
Hittite, Tsartia, to
wish.
each,
ištātan
each,
pron. jamutu
each and every one, whoever you are, attamannu
each
separately, singly, aḫennā, aḫinnū
each other,
aḫmaḫu
eager?
adj., kappidu
eagle,
erû
eaglet,
ammartû
eagle-like,
arāniš
eagle-like
mythological creature,
anzû
ear,
aperture of the ear, faculty of
hearing, understanding, ḫasīsu
early,
adj., ḫarpu, ḫarrupu,
early,
adv., kaṣâtiš
early
(bearing, planting), ḫummuṭu
early crop, ḫurpu
early harvest,
summer, ḫarpū
early in the
morning, adv.,
kallāmāre
early moment,
ḫarpūtu
early,
quickly, adv., ḫarpiš
early, to be
early, ḫarāpu
earlier,
long ago, anīna
earring,
ring, inṣabtu, iṣṣabtu
ear shape,
like a shell, ḫarḫazinnu
ears, person
with shriveled(?) ears,
ḫazmu
earn, to
earn,
earn, to
earn silver, gold, copper,
kaspu
earth,
earth, a
colored earth, galû
earth, a kind
of earth (lit. female earth),
immunusu
earth, a kind
of earth (lit. male
earth), imnitû
earth,
dark-colored earth used as dye,
ḫāpu
earth, loose earth, debris, dust, scales,
ore, mortar, territory, soil,
area volume, eperu
earth, lump of earth, garment made of a
fleecy textile, wool, a wad ore
tuft of wool, lock of hair, fleece, itqu
earth
(sacred place), kiūru
earth, the earth (in a cosmic sense), erṣetu
earthen
container, ḫābibu
earthen
container, describing an earthen
container, adj., ḫabnu
earthenware
or silver container, mainly
for wine, kandu
earthquake,
to cause an earthquake,
rību
eat, to eat,
consume, provide for
oneself, akālu
ebb,
esigu
ebony,
ešû, isû
eclipse,
confusion, disorder, ešâtu
eclipse,
(solar or lunar), attalû
edge, a part
of the constellation Cygnus,
border, kumāru
edge,
border, arm, arm or handle of
an instrument, side, span or fathom (a measure),
bracelet, wing, strength, idu
edge of an
object, bank of a canal,
a river, rim, kibru
edge of a
well, sea shore, bank of a
river, canal, ditch, amulet or piece of jewelry worn
around the neck, string of
beads, throat (of a human being, a god, or an
animal, ofen including the head
and shoulders), neck, necklace, neck scarf, rim of a
pot, etc., kišādu
edge,
rim, end, causeway, nose, tip,
crown, spur of land, appu
edge,
shore line, regions (referring
to the four regions of the inhabited world), kibrātu
educated,
experienced, skilled,
wise, wily, emqu
eel-like fish,
a bird, a snake,
kuppū
effective,
complete, making
decisions, etc., final, gāmiru
effective,
expert, beautiful,
handsome, fine, good, pleasant, of good family,
well-to-do, well-trained, of
good quality, in good condition, gracious,
favorable, propitious, canonical,
damqu
efficient
execution, embellish, be
gracious, do a favor, do good deeds, have good
fortune, be propitious, prosper,
improve, have good luck, be pleasing, treat kindly,
give propitious omens,
damāqu
effigy of a
person, for magical
purposes, made of reeds, gisandudû
egg membrane,
nest, quiver, a
meteorological phenomenon, ḫillu
Elamite,
*elamû
elapse,
cross, to cross, pass along
(walking), to go overland, to advance on or continue
a journey, to march in
review, to pass by, to pass through, to transgress,
to go beyond or exceed, to
by-pass, avoid, to send on overland, to make pass on
or proceed, to pass
objects on, to move objects past, to hand over,
transfer, to go through with a ritual, to
allow time to elapse, cause
delay, to allow persons or boats to pass, to avert,
to be transgressed, to be
transferred, etēqu
elated,
to cheer, feel good,
exhuberant, flourishing, to acclaim, ḫabāṣu
eleven,
ištēnešret
eleven times,
ištēššerišu
eleventh,
*ištēnšerû
elite,
elite troops, gunnu
elm?,
kullaru
elm, a
species of elm, kaptaru
else, in
addition, aḫḫur
elsewhere,
aside, off, sidewise,
awry, separately,
aḫītam
embankment,
quay-wall, mooring
place, harbor district, city quarter destined for
traders and sailors, harbor,
trading station, community of merchants, price of a
unit of merchandise, karû
embankment cliff, kāpu
embankment,
dam, facing, paving block
of a yard, wall or other construction, kisirtu
embankment of
a canal, wharf, arammu
embarrass,
blur eyes, stir up, roil
water, disturb, denounce, interfere, confuse, become
troubled, dalāhu
embellish, be gracious, do a favor, do good deeds,
have good fortune, be
propitious, prosper, improve, have good luck, be
pleasing, treat kindly,
execute efficiently, give propitious omens, damāqu
ember?,
gumaru
ember,
carbuncle, pustule, kurāru
embers,
carbuncle, gurāru
emblem of
Ištar, agricultural tool,
išqarrurtu
emblem, reed emblem, kilkillu
emblem,
special qualification, share
(a portion of land, or booty, income from a secular
or a temple office,
property, lot, portion, assigned by lot, lot,
fortune, power, isqu
embrace,
to hug, edēru
emmer,
kiššatu, kunāšu
emmer soup,
describing a dish of
emmer soup, adj., ḫaššu
emotions, inside of the body, liver?,
thoughts, mind, spirit, kabattu
empty,
empty handed, naked,
destitute, erû
empty lot for
building a house,
fallow, uncultivated field or land, kišubbû
encampment,
reed shelter like a
bower, ašāšu
enclose,
to become enclosed,
confine, to shut in, to channel water, to stifle a
cry, to take captive, to
become constricted, esēru
enclosed,
in a case (said of a
tablet), armu
encompass, to possess in full, finish, to finish, to
bring to an end, to
control, to annihilate, to use up, to spend, to
settle, to pay or deliver in
full, to use one’s full strength, to concentrate, to
render a final verdict, to
cause to spend, to give in full, to hold together,
to be annihilated, ruined,
to be brought to an end, used up, to be settled,
gamāru
enclosure,
confinement, isirtu
enclosure,
court, ḫiṣāru
enclosure,
fence, (Hurrian word,
hubballa/i)
enclosure
wall of a sanctuary,
circumvallation, fortified area within a city,
citadel, kirḫu
enclosure
wall, wall of a building,
side of a ship, igāru
encroachment
on land by royal authority,
land thus acquired, gizzatu
end, finality, completeness, gamāru
end, rim, edge, causeway, nose, tip, crown,
spur of land, appu
end, to
bring to an end, to annihilate,
to use up, to spend, to settle, to encompass, to
control, to possess in full,
to finish, to bring to an end, to pay or deliver in
full, to use one’s full
strength, to concentrate, to render a final verdict,
to cause to spend, to give
in full, to hold together, to be annihilated,
ruined, to be brought to an end,
used up, to be settled, gamāru
end, to bring
to an end, to come to
an end, to be finished, to stay, keep in custody, in
confinement, to be kept
away, to keep available, to keep someone from doing
something, hold back a
person, delay, to detain, to distrain, to prevent,
to hinder, to withhold,
refuse goods, merchandise, deliveries, to keep,
withhold a document, a tablet,
to deny a wish, a request, to deny a wish, request,
to withhold tribute, gifts,
to stop, detain, delay a boat, to cut off, deny
water for irrigation, to retain
food, urine, etc., to block progress, a road, to
check an animal, to reserve,
to place at someone’s disposal, to finish, to stop,
interrupt doing something,
to cease to be delayed with negation, to do
something without ceasing, without
delay, immediately, to stop repeatedly, to hold up,
to hold back, to cause to
detain, to hinder, to stop, to cause to stop, to be
held back, to be delayed
(referring to persons), to be confined, to be
retained, to be withheld
(referring to objects), to be finished, to be
closed, to remain, to cease, to
stop, to linger behind, kalû
end, to come
to an end? cease?, kâdu
endure,
to remain in effect, to
last, to be secure (said of a foundation), a rule, a
position, to remain
stationary (said of planets), to be firm in place,
to be loyal, honest,
reliable, correct, to be well disciplined, to remain
quantitatively constant,
to place an object correctly or in a specific place
(said of ritual and votive
objects, of tablets, food, and other objects), to
set up a stela, a boundary
stone, an inscription, an image, to place parts of a
construction in correct
position, to establish the foundation of a building,
to erect a wall, a
building, a city, to lay out a watercourse, a
boundary, to impose tribute, a
fine, to levy taxes, to establish regular deliveries
and offerings, etc., to
establish laws, regulations, rituals, fame, to
organize, to put in order, to
assign a person to a position, an office, to grant,
assign good fortune a
calamity, etc., to assign fields, houses, staples,
etc., to maintain and
preserve the rule, the life of a person, the safety
of an object, the
permanence of a city, etc., to testify, to make a
statement as a witness, to
act as a witness, to establish as true by means of
witnesses, to confirm, to
certify, to establish (in math and astronomy), to be
confirmed, kânu
enduring,
everlasting, perpetual,
durable, lasting, dārû
enema, to
inject an enema, clear
up, to give birth easily, charge,
to charge (an enemy), straighten up, to
go straight toward, to thrive, to prosper, to
be or become all right, to
move the bowels, to proceed, to move straight ahead,
to cause to move along a
straight or correct course, to make do the right
thing, to prepare, to proceed,
march on, to thrive, prosper, to send, dispatch, to
put or keep in good order,
to set aright, to provide justice, to give correct
decisions, insure the
correct performance of a ritual, to advance against,
tobecome successful, to be
put in order, to be fitted out correctly, ešēru
enemy,
ajabtu, (f.), ajābu, ḫajābu,
jābu
enemy, a
word for enemy, arû
enemy,
like an enemy, ajābiš, jābiš,
enemy, to
become an enemy, zā’erūtu
engineer
(as a category of soldier),
furnace, kiln, oven (of the smith, potter, etc.),
smith, craftsman, armorer,
kiškattû
engraver
of seals, alamgû
enlarge,
to increase in size or
number, aṣabu
ensnare (in
transferred meanings and
magical contexts), to capture or defeat an
enemy, to capture, to overcome,
, to attach (as a technical term), kamû
ensnaring,
kāmû
entangled,
crossed, grown together,
flourish, send forth shoots, stretch forth (arm,
etc.), sprout, lengthen, elēpu
entangled,
crossed, intertwined,
complex, difficult, crooked, distorted, untrue,
adj., itguru
enter, to
enter, to enter into the
king or god’s presence, to come (of taxes or
months), to invade, to penetrate,
to return, to arrive, to go home, to bring something
to enter a house, city,
penetrate, erēbu
entirety,
all, every, any, gabbu
entirety,
all, whole, kalu
entrails,
belly, lungs (human and
animal), ḫašû
entrails
examination, haruspicy,
extispicy, to examine the entrails of a lamb,
puhādu, têrtu
entrance
(name of a festival),
erubatu
entrance tax,
arriving caravan,
ēribtu
entwine,
to be entwined, to wind around
each other, to form coils, roll up, to circle
around, to wrap, to gather
against somebody, kapālu
entwined,
fighting, wrestling, adj.,
kitpulu
envelope of a
tablet, cover, clay,
imgurru
epithet of
gods and demons, night
watchmen, official concerned with the weight of
silver used as currency, hā’iṭu
equal, as an
equal, adv., gitmāliš
equal in size,
rank, etc., noble,
perfect (describing gods, kings, etc., and certain
animals as perfect
specimens, used exclusively as a poetic
term), gitmālu
equal, person
of equal social status,
doing agricultural and other work under supervision,
person of servile status
attached to a household, menial, comrade, colleague,
kinattu
equality,
status of social equality,
group of social equals, kinattūtu
equals,
members of a group of
persons of equal status, equal partners, athū
equid, an
equid, horse, abbatu
equid,
agālu
equid,
pack horse, mule, aṣappu
equipment,
ḫulaptu
equipment,
achievement, evil
machination, deed, act, witchcraft, work, rendering
and settling of accounts,
speech, command, ipšu
equipment of
soldiers and chariots, ḫalluptu
erect, to
erect a wall, a building, a
city, to
establish the
foundation of a building, to establish regular
deliveries and offerings, etc.,
to establish laws, regulations, rituals, fame, to
set up a stela, a boundary
stone, an inscription, an image, to
establish (in math and astronomy), reliable, be
loyal, to be well disciplined,
correct, to
place an object
correctly or in a specific place (said of ritual and
votive objects, of tablets,
food, and other objects), to place parts of a
construction in correct position,
honest, endure, to remain in effect, to last, to be
secure (said of a
foundation), a rule, a position, to remain
stationary (said of planets), to be
firm in place, to remain quantitatively constant, to
lay out a watercourse, a
boundary, to impose tribute, a fine, to levy taxes,
to organize, to put in
order, to assign a person to a position, an office,
to grant, assign good
fortune a calamity, etc., to assign fields, houses,
staples, etc., to maintain
and preserve the rule, the life of a person, the
safety of an object, the
permanence of a city, etc., to testify, to make a
statement as a witness, to
act as a witness, to establish as true by means of
witnesses, to confirm, to certify,
to be confirmed, kânu
erection,
to have an erection?
zikarūtu
escape,
to help escape, to flee, to
cause a loss, to cause losses, perish, to become
missing or lost, vanish, to disappear,
to make disappear, to
destroy, ḫalāqu
escape,
to leave, depart, go out,
come out of a temple, etc., to rise (of stars), to
grow, disappear, aṣû
escort,
of diplomats, foreigners
under surveillance, ālik idi
essential,
dangerous, difficult,
great, grave, fortified, fierce, binding, heavy,
hard, solid, strong,
thick, massive, steady, loud, legitimate,
reliable, powerful, mighty, savage, serious,
obstinate, bad, tyrannical, harsh,
urgent, imperative, pressing, dannu
estate,
pertaining to
the paternal estate, attaššiḫu
estatic, an estatic
with evil, magical powers, eššebû
establish, to
establish the foundation
of a building, to establish regular deliveries
and offerings, etc., to
establish laws, regulations, rituals, fame, to set
up a stela, a boundary
stone, an inscription, an image, to
establish (in math and astronomy), reliable, be
loyal, to be well disciplined,
correct, to
place an object
correctly or in a specific place (said of ritual and
votive objects, of
tablets, food, and other objects), to place parts of
a construction in correct
position, honest, endure, to remain in effect, to
last, to be secure (said of a
foundation), a rule, a position, to remain
stationary (said of planets), to be
firm in place, to remain quantitatively constant, to
erect a wall, a building,
a city, to lay out a watercourse, a boundary, to
impose tribute, a fine, to
levy taxes, to organize, to put in order, to assign
a person to a position, an
office, to grant, assign good fortune a calamity,
etc., to assign fields,
houses, staples, etc., to maintain and preserve the
rule, the life of a person,
the safety of an object, the permanence of a city,
etc., to testify, to make a
statement as a witness, to act as a witness, to
establish as true by means of
witnesses, to confirm, to certify, to be confirmed,
kânu
established,
legitimate, installed,
loyal, adj., kunnu
eternity,
dārâtu, dārûtu
Euphrates,
a name of the Euphrates
River, gādu
evasion,
*ḫimittu
evasions,
ḫamdātu
evasive,
adj., *ḫimdu
evasive, to
be evasive, ḫamādu
evening meal,
one who is present at the
distribution of the evening meal, kinsigubbû
ever,
continuously, dār
everlasting,
enduring, perpetual,
durable, lasting, dārû
every,
entirety, all, any, gabbu
everything,
kalumānû
everything,
all, kalama
everywhere,
anywhere, in every
respect, all, adv., kališ
evidently,
certainly, adv., kīša
evil,
adj., ḫullu
evil,
āmišu
evil act,
to act in an evil way,
lumnu
evil deed,
damage, wrong, ruins of a
city, misfortune, calamity, ḫibiltu
evil deed,
to commit an evil deed,
bīštu
evildoer,
kāipu
evildoer,
ēpiš lemutti
evildoer,
gillatu, in bēl gillati
evildoer,
criminal, ḫābilu
evil
machination, deed, act,
witchcraft, work, achievement, equipment, rendering
and settling of accounts,
speech, command, ipšu
evil,
luck, bad luck, damiqtu, in la
damiqti
evil magic,
act, activity, work,
epēšu
evil magic,
crew, construction,
agricultural work, handywork, tillage, manufacture,
act, ritual, epištu
evil person,
evil, said of demons,
lawless, adj., ḫabbilu
evil,
portending evil, wrong,
faulty, ḫāṭû
evil spell,
to cast an evil spell,
bewitch, kašāpu
evil spirit,
demon, deity, god, the
god, protective deity (daimon), good fortune, luck,
spirit of a deceased child,
image of a deity, a pair of gods, ilu
evil, to commit evil, lumnu
evil, to side with evil, lemnēti
evil,
wickedness, ḫaṭītu
ewe, sheep (generic name), immertu
ewe,
young ewe, *kabsatu
ewer, gullatu
ewer, a kind
of ewer, ḫuppataru
exact,
exact copy, exact (standard)
measure, block, track (of the wheel), ḫirṣu
exact, to
exact services for a debt or
fine, to hold away, to master, to be made to
serve for a debt, kašāšu
exactly,
adv., ḫariṣ
exact report,
ḫariṣtu
exalted,
high, proud, tall, elû
excavate,
to make a ditch, to dredge
a river, to make an incision, ḫaṭāṭu
excavation
(as a geometrical term),
truncated pyramid, storehouse, storeroom, silo, a
container, a box, a vessel,
specific kind of chair, raft (kelek), kalakku
excavation,
ditch, ḫarāṣu
excess,
in excess, more, eli
executive
power, highest rank (of
gods and goddesses), illilūtu
exceed in
number or size, surpass in
importance, quality, be more important, richer,
increase, atāru
exceedingly,
in addition, atriŝ
excess,
excessive growth, overage,
atartu
excess,
in excess, loudly,
outwardly, on high, on top, up, upward, upstream, in
addition, eliš
exchange,
to exchange, puḫatu,
šapūltu
exclamation,
interj., illūru
exclamation
of compassion, oḫḫ, aḫulap
exclamation
of joy, alāla, alāli,
alālu, alīli
experienced,
to know something or
somebody, familiar with, versed in something, to be
aware of, to care for
something or somebody, to take cognizance of, to be
unfamiliar with, to be
unused to, to be unable to, to disregard, to
neglect, , knowingly,
intentionally, unwittingly, unconsciously, in a
daze, to mark, to inform, to
make known, reveal, to recognize, identify, to
assign, to be recognized,
revealed, appointed, to announce, proclaim, to make
recognizable, to mark, to
assign, idû
excrement,
dung, of animals, kabû
excrescence,
blister, ḫibšu
excrete,
to excrete, ezû
excuse,
objection, reason, idu
execute an
order, amatu
execute,
kill, to kill a person or animal,
murder, break a tablet, defeat, fight, to smite, be
killed, dâku
executive
power, ability, value,
violence, strength, armed forces, army, emūqu
exert oneself,
to toil, anāḫu
exhaustion,
weariness, disrepair,
dilapidation, anḫūtu
exhaust well, to exhaust the water of a well, draw
water or wine,
ḫabû
exhibit,
explain, to
expose to the sun, to become
exposed, to reveal (something hidden), reveal, to
offer to a god, to assign, to
produce a person, to point
out, to
show a document, to show somebody the peg driven in
a field (as legal act
accompanying the transfer of a field), to show an
item to be accounted for, to
disclose, to show an (ominous) sign, to advise, to
instigate, to teach, to
instruct, to give an order, to show a particular
mood or attitude, to make
someone experience prosperity, hardship, to be
shown, offered, to show, to
disclose, to produce, to grant, to show, kullumu
exhuberant,
to be elated, to cheer,
feel good, flourishing, to acclaim, ḫabāṣu
exile,
person living abroad, alānû
exile, to
go into exile, tāridūtu
exorcise,
to consencrate, to purify,
by fumigation, ḫâbu
exorcisim,
āšipūtu
exorcist,
āšipu, kakugallu
exorcist,
craft of the exorcist,
kakugallūtu
exorcist
epithet, “he of the
whipping rod,” ḫaltappû, in ša ḫaltappê
exorcist
overseer, āšipu, in rab
āšipi
exorcist,
woman exorcist, āšiptu
expanse,
might, mass, a deformation
of part of the exta-orum, entrails, such as heart,
liver, lungs, gipšu
expedition,
expeditionary force,
capital, business
capital, caravan,
journey, trip, business trip, road, path, highway,
travel, venture, military
campaign, raid, army, corvée work, service unit,
times (math term), ḫarrānu
expeditionary
force, business trip,
caravan, journey,
march, military
campaign, path, road, travel provisions, girru
expeditionary
force, traveler, ālik ḫarrāni
expeditionary
force, export
duty, aṣitu
expel a
person, go away, to absent
oneself, to remove an object, to be removed, duppuru
expenditure?
Aklu
expenses, universe, totality, all, gimru
experienced,
educated, skilled,
wise, wily, emqu
expert,
beautiful, handsome, fine,
good, pleasant, of good family, well-to-do,
well-trained, of good quality, in
good condition, gracious, favorable, propitious,
effective, canonical, damqu
expert,
dammaqu, eppēšu, aššaru
expert,
adj., itpušu
expert,
wise, adj., itpēšu, kabzuzu
explain, to expose to the sun, to become
exposed, to reveal (something
hidden), reveal, to offer to a god, to assign, to
produce a person, to point
out, to show a document, to
show somebody the peg driven in a field (as legal
act accompanying the transfer
of a field), to show an item to be accounted for, to
disclose, exhibit, to show
an (ominous) sign, to advise, to instigate, to
teach, to instruct, to give an
order, to show a particular mood or attitude, to
make someone experience
prosperity, hardship, to be shown, offered, to show,
to disclose, to produce,
to grant, to show, kullumu
explore,
investigate, penetrate
into, trace, search, to survey, examine, watch over,
to take care of, to weigh
out, pay, ḫâṭu
expose, to
expose to the sun, to
become exposed, to reveal (something hidden),
reveal, to offer to a god, to
assign, to produce a person, to
point out, to show a document, to show somebody the
peg driven in a field (as
legal act accompanying the transfer of a field), to
show an item to be
accounted for, to disclose, explain, exhibit, to
show an (ominous) sign, to
advise, to instigate, to teach, to instruct, to give
an order, to show a
particular mood or attitude, to make someone
experience prosperity, hardship, to
be shown, offered, to show, to disclose, to produce,
to grant, to show, kullumu
exta, a
formation of the exta,
troops, tool, thorn, strength, military, weapon
(metaphor for military strength
and aggressiveness), shaft, standard with divine
symbol, sign predicting
certain events, barb,
attack, a
specific, individually used weapon, warfare, kakku
exta,
arrow-shaped marking on the exta,
arrowhead, kaksû
exta, cap
(name of a part of the
exta, especially the apical lobe of the lung), cap
of a seal, headdress, cap, a
part of the plow, name of a bird, lit., my cap is
multicolored, a part of the
human body, kubšu
exta, feature
of the exta, joint of
the human or animal body, payment in kind for
services or taxes, rent payment,
team of workmen or experts, troop, contingent of
soldiers, knot made for magic
purposes, anger, wrath, structure, bond (of a
mountain, wall), mountain
fastness, concentration, strength, joint, node, knot
of a plant, section of a
text or region, possessions, treasures, stricture of
the alimentary canal,
obstruction in a canal, lump, meterorite?, clasp,
handle, an astronomical term,
kiṣru
exta, a
feature of the exta, throne,
rule, royal property and service, dominion, chair,
sedan chair, name of a
month, saddle, part of a chariot or a plow, kussû
exta,
loop-like formation on the exta,
calamity, loop, snare, kippu
exta, stump
in exta, wood shavings,
trunk of a tree, stem of a horn, lineage, family,
kisittu
extent (surface), elû
extinguish,
to extinguish a fire, to
aggravate, to become important, to show respect, to
pay respect to gods, to
parents, to
respect an oath, rich, to
become painful, to honor a person, honored, to give
honor, to be honored, to
hatch (said of a bird), bothersome, to become
difficult, lethargic, massive, fat, to
become heavy, make difficult,
etc., to underline the importance of, to make heavy,
kabātu
extispicy,
haruspicy, to examine the
entrails of a lamb, puḫādu, têrtu
exude (a
liquid) to dissolve, to
become liquid, ḫâlu
exudation of
plants, resin, ḫīlu
exultation,
illatu
eye,
ḫīnu, igu,
eyebrow, the
region of the eyebrow,
the eyelid and the eyelashes, arm, armrest, hand,
side part of a horse bit,
frond, lobe of the lung, plumage, quill, wing, list,
kappu
eyeball,
kakkultu
eye, cause an eye injury, perhaps
to blind, ḫuppudu
eye cosmetic,
amāmû
eye defect,
having an eye defect or
blind, ḫuppudu
eye, hole
(of a kiln), interstice
(of a net), hub (of a wheel), bubble, spring,
eye-shaped pebble (of precious
stone), īnu
eyelid, the
eyelid and the eyelashes, the
region of the eyebrow, arm,
armrest, hand, side part of a horse bit, frond, lobe
of the lung, plumage,
quill, wing, list, kappu
eyes,
beautiful eyes? blind?
Damqam-īnam
eyesight,
sight, gaze, wish, mirror,
object looked upon, diglu
F
fabric, a piece of
linen fabric, kibsu, kīpu
fabric, a
wool fabric of specific
size and weave, kutānu
facing,
embankment, dam, paving
block of a yard, wal or other construction, kisirtu
fail, to sin, to trespass, to
commit an offense, to neglect, to make a mistake,
miss, to damage, injure, ḫaṭû
fair,
just, in good condition,
favorable, normal, regular, ordinary, prosperous,
straight, correct, loose
(said of the bowels),
išaru
falcon,
ḫašmar
falcon, a
falcon, kasūsu
fallow,
barren, land, kikallû
fallow land,
karapḫu
falsehood,
slander, misfortune,
secrency, hiding, aḫītu
fame,
praise, glory, dalīlu
fame,
favor, good will, luck,
recommendation, goodness, good relations, good news,
good luck, damiqtu
fame,
fortune, good fortune, favor
(divine) grace, good luck, well-being, prosperity,
fortune, profit,
recommendation, gratitude, beauty, choice thing,
treasure, darling, dumqu
familiar with,
to be experienced, to
know something or somebody, versed in something, to
be aware of, to care for
something or somebody, to take cognizance of, to be
unfamiliar with, to be
unused to, to be unable to, to disregard, to
neglect, , knowingly,
intentionally, unwittingly, unconsciously, in a
daze, to mark, to inform, to
make known, reveal, to recognize, identify, to
assign, to be recognized,
revealed, appointed, to announce, proclaim, to make
recognizable, to mark, to
assign, idû
family,
emušutu, kīmu
family,
assurance of continuation of a
family, social status or position, discipline
of an army, foundation of a
building, wall, gate, etc., foundation of a reign or
government, base,
administrative or political reorganization
(of a country or city), support, bottom (of the
interior of a container or of
the exterior of an object), potstand, base of a
tree, root of plants or parts
of the body and the exta, lower extremities, stance,
horizon, damp course, išdu
family group,
imrû
family,
kin, kimtu
family,
lineage, wood shavings,
trunk of a tree, step of a horn, stump in exta,
kisittu
family,
patrimony, bīt abi
family,
person accepted into the
family, intruder, newcomer, errebu
famine,
hard times, distress,
fortress, fortified place, ground, terrain,
foundation pit bottom, cold
weather, part of window, valid tablet, dannatu
famine,
drought, arurtu
famine,
lack, scarcity, need,
requirement, a disease, ḫušaḫḫu
famine,
need, kušaḫḫu
fancy,
something fancy, ašilalû
fang?
atta’u
far side,
on the far side, ešāwa
farm,
suburban settlement around a
city, region outside a town, village (situated in
the open country), kapru
farm headman,
kapru, in rab kapri
farmer,
member of the ikkaru-class,
ikkaru, in mār ikkari
farmers,
member of a class or privileged
farmers, territorial ruler (of cities,
countries, etc.),
iššakku
farm laborer,
farmer, small farmer
(of a larger organization), farm bailiff, overseer,
plowman, plow animal, ikkaru
farming official, ikkaru, in rab ikkarī
farm, to
raise a crop for
sustenance, kurummatu
fast,
arhu, aruhtu (f.)
fast, at
once, adv., kapdu
fasten,
to tie, karāsu
fastening, a
kind of fastening,
strangler, ḫannāqu
fastening,
stability, procedures of
the diviner, kūnu
fat, *
ḫiššu
fat,
thick, kubburu
fat,
thick, heavy, kabbaru
fat, to
become fat, heavy, thick,
strong, to make thick, heavy, strong, to be
constantly puffed up, kabāru
fat, to
become heavy, massive, rich,
lethargic, to become difficult, bothersome, to
become painful, to become
important, honored, to hatch (said of a bird), to
honor a person, to show
respect, to give honor, to pay respect to gods, to
parents, to respect an oath,
to aggravate, make difficult, etc., to extinguish a
fire, to be honored, to
underline the importance of, to make heavy, kabātu
fat,
fattened, thick, plump, large,
kabru
father,
abu, abi, kibinû,
father, a
term for father, kinnanû
father-in-law,
son-in-law, husband’s
sister, son of wife’s sister, emu
father’s
status, and legal power,
abbūtu
fathom (a
measure), bracelet, edge,
border, arm, arm or handle of an instrument, side,
span or wing, strength, idu
fattened,
goats or sheep being
fattened, kuruštû
fattener,
caretaker (of animals kept
for fattening), kuruštû, in ša kuruštē
fattening
shed, kuruštû, in bīt
kuruštē
fault,
harm, act of negligence,
damage, sin, offense, crime, misdeed, punishment,
ḫiṭu
faulty,
portending evil, wrong, ḫāṭû
favor, a person able to do favors for
somebody, gimillu,
in awīl gimilli
favor, a person asking for favors,
bridegroom, ērišu
favor, a
person who owes somebody a
favor, gimillu, in
bēl gimilli
favor,
considerate treatment,
gimiltu
favor
(divine) grace, good luck,
good fortune, well-being, prosperity, fortune,
profit, fame, recommendation, gratitude,
beauty, choice thing, treasure, darling, dumqu
favor, do
a favor, a good deed,
damiqtu, ṭābtu
favor, do
a favor, be gracious, do
good deeds fortune, have good fortune, propitious,
prosper, improve, have good
luck, be
pleasing, embellish, treat kindly,
execute efficiently, give propitious omens, damāqu
favor,
good will, luck, fame,
recommendation, goodness, good relations, good news,
good luck, damiqtu
favor granted
by an authority,
ennanātu
favor,
kind act, complaisance,
mercy, to return an act of kindness, to wreak
vengeance, gimillu
favor, to
do a favor, dumuqtu
favor, to
do a favor, to grant a
privilege, enēnu
favor, to
show a favor, do a favor,
dumqu
favorable,
effective, expert,
beautiful, handsome, fine, good, pleasant, of good
family, well-to-do,
well-trained, of good quality, in good condition,
gracious, propitious,
canonical, damqu
favorable,
good, dummuqu
favorable,
normal, regular,
ordinary, prosperous, straight, in good condition,
fair, just, correct, loose
(said of the bowels),
išaru
favorite,
friend, dumqu, in bēl
dumqi
favorite,
loved one,
ir’emu
fawn, to
flatter with words, to wag
the tail, kuzzubu
fear, adīru,
anūnu
fear,
apprehension, unhappiness,
adirtu, edirtu, idirtu, idištu
fear,
panic, ḫattu
fear, to fear, be or to become frightened,
to frighten, to be or become
nervous or restless, to quiver, twitch, to have a
premature emission, to cause
trouble, to scare away, to inspire fear, inspire
awe, or respect, galātu
fear, to fear the diety, respect the oath, adāru
fear, in
fear, adīriš
fear, inspiring?,
kummusu
fear, shivers of fear, hoarfrost, chills,
ḫurbāšu
fear, to cause fear and panic, to be in
panic, to become scared, shy
away, garāru
fear, to
fear, to become agitated, arāru
fearless, impudent, ādiru
feature,
sign, mark, characteristic,
diagram, omen, ominous, sign, password,, signal,
inside information, notice,
acknowledgment, written proof, ittu
fee payable
by the owners of date groves
for guard service, fortified outpost,
kādu
feebleness, debility, ekûtu
feel good,
to be elated, exhuberant,
flourishing, to cheer, acclaim, ḫabāṣu
feint,
stumble, hobble, perverse, to
twist, become twisted, cross, confused, maneuver for
a position, egēru
female deity,
goddess, iltu
female
genitals, gabatinnu, ḫanduttu
feminine
finery, aškirušḫu
fence, a
fence, kadāru
fence,
enclosure, (Hurrian word,
hubballa/i)
fence,
matting (of date palm fiber
or reeds), ipšu
fence,
rail, kutlu
fermentation,
eṣennû
ferocious,
heroic, martial, a name
of Jupiter, dāpinu
ferry, to
cross a river, nēbiru
ferryman,
id, in ša id
fertility
emblem, abundance,
abundant yield of fauna and flora,
productivity, ḫegallu
festival, a
festival, ḫiari, islītu
festival,
a monthly festival, offerings made at
the festival, eššešu
festival and
the month in which it is
celebrated, kinku
festival name,
entrance, erubatu
festival,
to arrange a festival, spend a day,
ūmu
festival,
to celebrate a festival, isinnu-a’
festival of
the month Elul, elūlu
fetlock,
lower leg of animals and
human beings, kursinnu
feudal term
referring to fields,
ehelli
fetter,
band, rope, belt, wisp of
straw to bind a sheaf, kannu
fetter,
bond, an intestinal disease,
kīsu
fetter,
handcuffs, iṣ qāti
fetter, to
put a person in fetters,
to arrest a person, to bind hands and feet, to join,
to tie objects together, to
bond bricks or blocks of stone, to paralyze limbs
and parts of the body, to
bind magically, to demand a payment, to bind, to
demand payment, to be
fettered, to be joined, kasû
fettered,
bound, adj., kasû
fetters,
Jannussu? Kamû?
fetters, foot
fetters, links, kurṣû
fetters on
arm, aḫānu
fetus
covering membrane, amnion,
cover, edamukku
fetus,
unformed matter (clay, dough,
etc.), pinched off, kirṣu
feudal term,
ewirtu
feudal right,
right to a part of a field in feudal
tenure, (Hurrian word, kaškiniwe),
kašku
fever,
heat, name of a month and a
festival, ḫumṭu
fever,
scorching, anxiety, ḫimṭu
fever, to cause fever, make feverish, to make
glow, set aglow, to be
inflamed, to heat, burn,
restless, ḫamātu
few, ēṣu
few,
little, small, too small,
complete, as is, īṣu
fiber of the
date palm, amšû, imbû
fibers,
reed, gibarbarrû
fidelity,
loyalty, loyally, normal
state, truth, in truth, truly, justice, justly,
correct procedures,
correctness, treaty, duly, kittu
field, a
field, ganû
field,
area, land, region, terrain,
eqlu
field, a type
of field, itḫuṣu, in
bīt itḫiṣi, kabāku
field,
cultivated field, workshop,
dullu, in bīt dulli
field, fallow,
uncultivated field or
land, empty lot for building a house, kišubbû
field, goddess of the field, plant, ilat eqli
field held in
feudal tenure by 50 men,
fifty, num., ḫanšā
field (Hurrian
word), awīru
field legal
status, adj. (Hurrian
word), ezzuššiḫe
field on
which i-work is to be performed, a
kind of tax, staples or materials
to be delivered, finished products, materials or
supplies for workmen, work
assigned to be performed, iškaru
field or garden
estimated yield,
delivered to owner of field (king, temple, etc.,) by
tenant, imittu
field or
garden subject to special legal
restrictions, ḫuptu
field parcel,
ḫaršû
field, plowed field, epinnu, in bīt epinni
field plowed
with the ḫarbu
plow, a special kind of plow, ḫarbu
field, right
to a part of a field in
feudal tenure, (Hurrian word,
kaškiniwe), kašku
field, uncultivated field, arbu
fields
irrigated by water drawn from
wells, daluwātu
fierce,
ekdu
fierce,
binding, heavy, hard, solid,
strong, thick,
massive, fortified,
steady, loud, legitimate, reliable, powerful,
mighty, great, savage, difficult,
dangerous, serious, grave, obstinate, bad,
tyrannical, harsh, urgent,
essential, imperative, pressing, dannu
fierce, mighty, dabru or dapru
fierce,
strong, hard, difficult, ašṭu
fierce,
to be furious, to become
furious, to make furious, ezēzu
fierce, to
make fierce, arrogant, to
be overbearing, spirited, kadāru
fiercely,
ekdiš
fiercely,
goring, adv., kadriš
fifteen,
num., ḫamiššerit
fifth, for
the fifth time, adv., ḫamuštēsu
fifth,
num., adj., ḫamišiu,
ḫamšu
fifth,
one-fifth, num., *ḫamuštru, ḫanšu
fifth place,
operation, to do
something fifth, ḫamāšu
fifty,
unit of fifty, ḫamšātu
fifty,
num., a field held in feudal
tenure by 50 men, ḫanšā
fifty
soldiers contingent commander,
ḫansā, in rab-ḫanšû
fight, to
fight, ṣaltu, kakku,
qablu, ṣulâti, šašmu, tāḫazu, tuquntu
fight,
defeat, to smite, be killed,
execute, kill, to kill a person or animal, murder,
break a tablet, dâku
fighter,
ēpiš ṣalti, ēpiš tāḫazi
fighting,
wrestling, entwined, adj.,
kitpulu
figure of a
man, damtu
figure, shape,
gattu
fillet,
kugû
film,
membrane, afterbirth,
blinkers, ipu
find, to find,
to be sufficient, to
approach ( a person, an authority), with a claim, a
complaint, to
amount to,
to reach, to reach and equal in value, arrive
(said of a moment in
time), to conquer a country, a city, to defeat an
enemy, to be victorious, to
capture an enemy, to arrest a fugitive, a criminal,
to surprise (in the act),
to seize (said of diseases, evil spirits,
misfortunes, etc.), to obtain a wish,
knowledge, good health, luck, a friend, to attain
old age, to win a case, to
obtain possession of objects, merchandise, etc., to
get hold of (in various
shades of meaning), to finish completely, to chase
away, pursue, to drive away,
drive into exile, to disinherit, to drive away evil
spirits, to remove sins,
etc., to make a journey, to drive (horses), to
approach someone, to defeat an
enemy, to conquer, to raid, to make prisoner, to
seize, to send, to pertain to
property, to a right, etc., kašādu
fine,
damages, replacement, (Hurrian
word, kazzaurnu)
fine,
good, pleasant, beautiful,
handsome, of good family, well-to-do, expert,
well-trained, of good quality, in
good condition, gracious, favorable, propitious,
effective, canonical, damqu
fine,
guilt, wrongdoing, misdeed,
offense, punishment, arnu
finery,
feminine finery, kulīlu
finish,
to finish, to bring to an
end, to control, to annihilate, to use up, to spend,
to settle, to encompass,
to possess in full, to pay or deliver in full, to
use one’s full strength, to
concentrate, to render a final verdict, to cause to
spend, to give in full, to
hold together, to be annihilated, ruined, to be
brought to an end, used up, to
be settled, gamāru
finished, to
be finished, stationed,
to prepare for burial, gather, to gather animals and
objects, to gather in
barley, assemble, to be gathered, to be assembled,
assemble persons, to
collect, to bring in (barley, persons, animals,
documents or objects), to
place, kamāsu
finished work,
kintillû
final,
effective, complete, making
decisions, etc., gāmiru
finality,
completeness, end, gamāru
financial
loss, damages (i.e.,
restitution of losses sustained), ibissû
fine (lit.
linen-like), wool, kitītu
finish, to
finish completely, to get
hold of (in various shades of meaning), to attain
old age, to obtain a wish,
knowledge, good health, luck, a friend, to obtain
possession of objects,
merchandise, etc., to seize (said of diseases, evil
spirits, misfortunes,
etc.), to surprise (in the act), to arrest a
fugitive, a criminal, to be
victorious, to defeat an enemy, to conquer a
country, a city, to find, to be
sufficient, to approach ( a person, an authority),
with a claim, a complaint, to amount
to,
to reach, to reach and equal in value, arrive
(said of a moment in
time), to capture an enemy, to win a case, to chase
away, pursue, to drive
away, drive into exile, to disinherit, to drive away
evil spirits, to remove
sins, etc., to make a journey, to drive (horses), to
approach someone, to
defeat an enemy, to conquer, to raid, to make
prisoner, to seize, to send, to
pertain to property, to a right, etc., kašādu
finished,
built on (said of a
house), adjusted, cultivated, wrought, epšu
finished
(said of cloth),
well-trained (said of a scribe), ready (said of
objects and people), ersû
finished, to
be finished, settled,
terminated, whole, complete, full, gamru
finished, retain food, urine, etc., to be retained,
cut off, to deny a wish, a
request, deny water for irrigation, delay, delay a
boat, to detain, hold back a
person, to keep in custody, in confinement, to
distrain, to prevent, to hinder,
to withhold, refuse goods, merchandise, deliveries,
to keep, withhold a
document, a tablet, to withhold a document, tablet,
to deny a wish, request, to
withhold tribute, gifts, to stop, detain, to block
progress, a road, to check
an animal, to reserve, to place at someone’s
disposal, to keep available, to
finish, to bring to an end, to stop, interrupt doing
something, to come to an
end, to be finished, to cease to be delayed with
negation, to do something
without ceasing, without delay, immediately, to stop
repeatedly, to hold up, to
hold back, to cause to detain, to keep someone from
doing something, to hinder,
to stop, to cause to stop, to hold back, to be held
back, to be delayed
(referring to persons), to be confined, to be
withheld (referring to objects),
to be closed, to remain, to stay, to be kept away,
to cease, to stop, to linger
behind, kalû
finisher
(of a cloth), ersû, in, ša
ersȋ
fir,
ašūḫu
fire,
girru
fire (as a
natural phenomenon), fire
(produced for specific purposes), fire signal,
abscess, inflammation, išātu
fire, like
fire, girrāniš
fire signal,
fire (as a natural
phenomenon), fire (produced for specific purposes),
abscess, inflammation,
išātu
fire, to set
fire to, scorch, to char
wood, to burn, kabābu
firewood,
gaṣṣatu
firewood
peddler, gaṣṣatu, in ša gaṣṣātešu
firewood,
wooded area, wood,
aromatic wood,
wooden implements,
lumber, timber,
tree, , iṣu
firm ground,
force, fort, fortified
house and area, severity, strength (physical),
power, violence, foundation,
depth, bedrock, lump, dunnu
firm, to be
firm in place, to remain
stationary (said of planets), to be secure (said of
a foundation), a rule, a
position, to last, endure, to remain in effect, to
be loyal, honest, reliable,
correct, to be well disciplined, to remain
quantitatively constant, to place an
object correctly or in a specific place (said of
ritual and votive objects, of tablets,
food, and other objects), to set up a stela, a
boundary stone, an inscription,
an image, to place parts of a construction in
correct position, to establish
the foundation of a building, to erect a wall, a
building, a city, to lay out a
watercourse, a boundary, to impose tribute, a fine,
to levy taxes, to establish
regular deliveries and offerings, etc., to establish
laws, regulations,
rituals, fame, to organize, to put in order, to
assign a person to a position,
an office, to grant, assign good fortune a calamity,
etc., to assign fields,
houses, staples, etc., to maintain and preserve the
rule, the life of a person,
the safety of an object, the permanence of a city,
etc., to testify, to make a
statement as a witness, to act as a witness, to
establish as true by means of
witnesses, to confirm, to certify, to establish (in
math and astronomy), to be
confirmed, kânu
firm (in
place), correct, decent,
just, loyal, normal, honest, legitimate, sound,
regular, reliable, true, kīnu
firmly,
truthfully, steadily,
loyally, in due form, correctly, according to
expectation, duly, kīniš
first,
ištēnu
first,
adj., ištīju
first, at
the first time, one, once,
ištēštu
first choice,
to have first choice,
nāsiqūtu
first, for
the first time, once,
ištēnutu
first,
for the first time,
outstanding, unique, one, (indefinite article),
ištēn
first,
lead (animal), foremost, high
ranking, vanguard, leader, ašaridu
firstly,
once, one time, adv.,
ištīššu
fish, a
fish, abūtu, āru, absaḫurakku
fish, a
fish, a fish spawn, agargarû
fish, a
fish, aurochs, ditānu,
kamāru
fish, a
fish? Eridatu
fish basket,
gurduppu
fish bones,
edakkû
fish,
dog, constellation Hercules, kalbu
fish,
eel-like fish, a bird, a
snake, kuppū
fish, produce in fish, fish sauce? (included
in jars), agargarūtu
fish spawn,
erūtu
fish, to fish, bā’erūtu, šuhadakkūtu
fisherman,
ḫādil p ȋ
fit of coughing and retching, ganāḫu,
guḫḫu
fitted out,
to be fitted out
correctly, justice, to provide justice, dispatch,
send, insure the correct
performance of a ritual, to make do the right thing,
thrive, to prosper, to
inject an enema, clear
up, to give
birth easily, to charge (an enemy), straighten up,
to go
straight toward, to thrive, to prosper, to
be or become all right, to move the bowels, to
proceed, to move straight ahead,
to cause to move along a straight or correct course
to prepare, to proceed,
march on, to put or keep in good order, to set
aright, to give correct
decisions, to advance against, to become successful,
to be put in order, ešēru
fitting,
to be fitting, proper or suitable,
asāmu
five,
ḫamiš
five, a group
of five persons, ḫamištu
five, a
period of five days, ḫamuštu
five,
consisting of five, ḫumušû
fivefold,
ḫamšamma
fivefold,
five times, ḫamšišu
five, team of
five persons, ḫumūšu
five years
old, adj., ḫumušû
flame,
blaze, red glow in the sky,
akukūtu, ḫakukūtu
flank,
hip, gilšu
flatter, to
flatter with words, to
fawn, to wag the tail, kuzzubu
flatterer,
braggart, dalīlu, in ša
dalīli
flax,
linen (thread and fabric),
kitû
flay, to
skin, to strip off, kuṣṣu, to
skin, to be flayed, kâṣu
flayer?
kāiṣu
flee, to
escape, to help escape, to
cause a loss, to cause losses, perish, to become
missing or lost, vanish, to disappear,
to make disappear, to
destroy, ḫalāqu
flee, to
take flight, arbūtu
fleece,
lock of hair, wad ore tuft
of wool, garment made of a fleecy textile, lump of
earth, itqu
flight,
rout, devastation, ruin,
arbūtu
flood,
illu
flood,
deluge, abūbānis
flour, a
cheap type of flour,
kukkušu
flour, a kind
of flour, ḫulāṣu
flour, a kind
of flour, bread made
of I,-flour, isqūqu
flourish,
be grown together,
entangled, crossed, shoot, send forth shoots,
stretch forth (arm, etc.),
sprout, lengthen, elēpu
flourishing,
exhuberant, to be
elated, to cheer, feel good, to acclaim, ḫabāṣu
flour
offering, ēdadû
flour, qualifying
flour, adj., ḫirgalû
flour, qualifying flour and beer, adv.,
ḫalḫallu
flow, to run, ḫanānu
flower, a red flower, artītu
flute,
ḫābibu
flute, a
flute, kisurratu
flute, a
long flute, ariktu
flute-player,
embūbu in ša embūbi
flute,
windpipe, embūbu
fly whisk
cloth streamers,
assaštaranni
foam,
ḫurḫummatu
foam,
poisonous foam, slaver
produced from the
mouth of angry gods,
demons, humans and animals, poison, spittle, imtu
fodder,
imrû
fodder,
chopped straw (as fodder for
sheep, goats, donkeys, horses and for making bricks,
fodder, food for domestic
animals, kissatu
fodder,
official in charge of fodder,
kissatu, in rabi kissati
fodder
prepared from substandard dates,
ḫābu
foe,
adversary, gērû
foggy,
like a fog, adv., imbariš
fold,
isru
fold of the
arms or
of a garment, ḫabūnu
foliage,
artu
foilage,
green leaves, ḫasḫallatu
following,
sequel, future, later
child, person born later, second place or rank,
rear, arkītu
following,
as follows, akia
food,
iptennu, kurummu?, kušātu?
food, liquid
served in a dish, aṣūdu
food made
from emmer, aiwa
food
offerings, class of priests
(concerned with the preparation of food
offerings), of
low
status, kiništu
food portion, secular
festival,
religious festival, isinnu
food,
probably a fruit, ḫaršu
foodstuff, a
foodstuff, giddê,
ḫulūṭu, ḫunzu, kišarānu, kizu
foodstuff
storage, storage room
for wine and foodstuffs,
kannu, in bīt kanni
fool, witless one, adj., ḫassu, in la
ḫassu
foot
(Kassite word), ḫameru
foot (as a
measure of length),
kabistu
foot fetters,
links, kurṣû
footman
(lit. man from the storeroom
or pantry), kiṣru, in ša bīt kiṣri
footstool,
kubbu
footstool,
socle, pedestal,
threshing board, a part of the liver, kilzappu
foot part,
a part of the foot,
kabbartu
for, in
place of, instead of, prep.,
kīmū
for such
reason, on account of this,
in this manner, as follows, adv., kīnanna
for, to, up to, toward, against, upon, from,
ana
for me, to me, pers. Pron. Dat., jâši
forbearing,
merciful, gāmilu
forbidden
place, asakku, in bīt
asakki
forbidden
thing, interdicted, place
or action, ikkibu
force, by
force, adv., emūqa
force,
fort, fortified house and
area, severity, strength (physical), power,
violence, foundation, depth, firm
ground, bedrock, lump, dunnu
force, full
force, full strength,
kibittu
force,
might, superiority, strength,
violence, severity (said of cold weather), danānu
forcibly,
da’ānatte
forcibly,
by force, dunnuna
forearm,
cubit, ammatu
foreigner,
stranger, outsider,
alien, aḫû
forefathers,
ancestors, abbū
forest, a
word for forest, kidinētu
forgive,
pardon a sin, to defeat an
enemy, to make compact, to bother, to crush, to step
into something unclean
accidentally, to step upon something on purpose, to
make people do work, to
press people, to stamp out a fire, to suppress
noise, to full cloth, to let
time pass, to stride, to walk upon, to pace off, to
make regulations, to come
in, to exert oneself, to put pressure upon a person,
to drop a claim, a caseto
put reciprocal pressure on each other, to allow to
walk about, to trample, to
make a road or ramp by compressing and stamping the
soil, to make concessions,
to submit oneself, kabāsu
forelock,
abūsātu
foreman of a
group of ten men,
eširtu
foreman of
team of five men, ḫamištu,
in rab ḫamišti
foreman of
the personnel, kianttu,
in ša pan kinatti
formed,
well-formed, beautiful,
*kuzābu
foremost,
first, lead (animal), high
ranking, vanguard, leader, ašaridu
forest,
amagallu, ebûbatu, ḫalbu
forest
(synonym) altalû, abābu
forever,
dārutaš, aḫartiš
forever,
adv. dāria, dāriatiš,
dāriš, dārišam, ḫurru
forfeit,
to forfeit, emanami, in
emanamumma epēšu
forgive,
to forgive, panu
forgive,
to help, azāru
form,
figure, alamdimmû
formula,
plan, kainimakku
fort,
fortified house and area,
severity, strength (physical), power, force,
violence, foundation, depth, firm
ground, bedrock, lump, dunnu
fortification,
a type of fortification,
ḫilṣu
fortified
area within a city,
enclosure wall of a sanctuary, circumvallation,
citadel, kirḫu
fortified,
binding, fierce, heavy,
hard, solid, strong,
thick, massive,
steady, loud, legitimate, reliable, powerful,
mighty, great, savage, difficult,
dangerous, serious, grave, obstinate, bad,
tyrannical, harsh, urgent,
essential, imperative, pressing, dannu
fortified
building, or watchtower, ḫeja
fortified
outpost, fee payable by
the owners of date groves for guard service, kādu
fortify, to
fortify, to surround
with a fence or net, put together, work for wages,
to cluster,
gather, organize, to organize a
group, strengthen, to repair, to give relief, to
compose a text, collect,
construct, to construct buildings, etc., join, to
tie, bind together, assemble
a body of soldiers into a military formation, to
form a herd of animals, to
make regulations, a country, to set up a battle
array, to prepare for battle,
to plot evil, concentrate, make compact, to become
joined, to tie together, to
assemble, to prepare for battle, to compact, to
assemble, to make ready for
battle, to concentrate, to join together, to make
ready for battle, to make
ready, to be tied, bound together, kaṣāru
fortress,
dūru, in bīt
dūri
fortress
commandment, ḫalṣu, in rab ḫalṣu
fortress, fortification,
district, ḫalṣu
fortress, fortified place, ground, terrain,
famine, hard times, distress,
foundation pit bottom, cold weather, part of window,
valid tablet, dannatu
fortune,
emblem, special qualification,
share (a portion of land, or booty, income from a
secular or a temple office,
property, lot, portion, assigned by lot, lot, power,
isqu
fortune, good
fortune, good luck,
kindness, damqu
fortune, have good fortune, propitious, to
prosper, to improve, have good
luck, be
pleasing, embellish, be
gracious, do a favor, treat kindly, do good deeds,
execute efficiently, give
propitious omens, damāqu
fortune, good fortune, favor (divine) grace,
good luck, well-being,
prosperity, fortune, profit, fame, recommendation,
gratitude,
beauty, choice thing, treasure, darling, dumqu
forty,
erbā
forwarding
agent, carrier, ḫarrānu,
in ša ḫārrānati
foundation,
basis, base, habitation,
duruššu i
foundation
platform, dublu
foundation,
depth, bedrock, firm
ground, force, fort, fortified house and area,
severity, strength (physical),
power, violence, lump, dunnu
foundation of
a building, wall,
gate, etc., foundation of a reign or government,
base, administrative
or political reorganization
(of a country or city), discipline of an army,
social status or position,
support, assurance of continuation of a family,
bottom (of the interior of a
container or of the exterior of an object),
potstand, base of a tree, root of
plants or parts of the body and the exta, lower
extremities, stance, horizon,
damp course, išdu
foundation
pit, trench, ḫiṭṭatu
four,
erbe
four,
group or team of four, erbettu
four oxen
team (for a plow),
erbenītu
fourteen
times, erbêšerīšu
fourteenth,
erbêšerû
four, the
four, erbû
four times,
erbêšu
fowl, a
domestic fowl, giršippu
fowler,
ḫuḫāru, in ša ḫuḫari
fowl run,
iṣṣūru, in bīt iṣṣūri
fraction,
proportion, (math
term), igitennu
fragrance,
cutings, cutings of
resinous and aromatic substances, plants yielding
aromatic substances, ḫibištu
fragrance,
smell, scent, erešu
frame of the
body, a measure, bone,
eṣemtu
fraud,
iwītu
free, to
become free, nūru
free, to
become free, to move about
freely, to run off, darāru
free, to
become free of debt by
royal decree, pure, to become pure, to purify, make
pure, keep pure, to
consecrate to a diety, to make free, cleanse
oneself, to be purified, elēlu
free man,
to act as a free man, amēlūtu
free,
noble, holy, sacred, clean,
pure, ellu
freezing,
frost, ḫalpû
fresh,
new, eššu
fresh, to
become fresh, or new,
edēšu
friend, a
friend, damiqtu, in bēl
damiqti
friend?
atteru
friend,
ebru
friend,
favorite, dumqu, in bēl
dumqi
friendly,
obliging, adj., gammilu
friendly
(political) relations,
atterūtu
friendly,
to establish friendly
relations, atterūtu
friendly, to
receive in a friendly way,
to shelter, ḫaṣānu
friendliness,
good luck, dumuqtu
friends,
to become friends, ru’ūtu
fright,
terror, gilittu[1]
frighten,
to annoy, šūduru
fringe, curl, a plant, kaziru
frit, black
frit, kutpû
frit (light-colored,
used to make
glass), ḫuluḫḫu
frog, ḫuduššu
frog or
small animal, dālilu
frog, large
frog, kitturru
from,
before, with, in the presence
of, instead of, ašar
from, on,
through, in, prep., ina
from, or in
the style of, kakmû
from, up to, toward, against, for, to, upon,
ana
from there,
allānum
frond,
lobe of the lung, plumage,
quill, wing, arm, hand, list, side part of a horse
bit, armrest, the region of
the eyebrow, the eyelid and the eyelashes, kappu
front,
ellamu
front or
hind, (Hurrian word), ḫapte
frontier,
territory, iṣru
frost,
freezing, ḫalpû
frost,
winter, ague (as disease),
chill, cold, cold weather, cold season, kuṣṣu
fruit,
ḫati’u
fruit, a
fruit, elluru, gikillu, ḫaluli,
kurumānu?
fruit, a
sweet fruit, ḫananābu
fruit berry
or flower of reddish color,
plant with a red flower and berry, rouge (cosmetic),
illuru
fruit,
fruit tree, offspring, child,
inbu
fruit of the
strawberry tree,
girgissu, red boil, girgiššu
fruit, a kind
of fruit, perhaps a
berry, girimmu
fruit or
vegetable, ḫalḫallu
fruit tree,
a color or dye, ḫenzūru
fruit tree,
fruit, offspring, child,
inbu
fruit tree, a
fruit tree, kuridllu
fruit tree,
tree, vine, gapnu
fruit tree
and its fruit, ḫaḫḫu
fugitive,
person without a family,
arbu
fulfill,
to fulfill a wish, to carry
out a wish, ṣibûtu
full,
finished, settled, terminated,
whole, complete, gamru
full, to full
cloth, to make
concessions,
to make regulations, to
drop a claim, a case, pardon a sin, to make people
do work, to submit oneself, to put
pressure upon a person, to put
reciprocal pressure on each other, to press people,
to pace off,
to walk upon, to stride, to forgive,
to defeat an enemy, to make compact, to bother, to
crush, to step into
something unclean accidentally, to step upon
something on purpose, to stamp out
a fire, to suppress noise, to let time pass, to come
in, to exert oneself, to
allow to walk about, to trample, to make a road or
ramp by compressing and
stamping the soil, kabāsu
fuller
overseer, ašlāku in rab
ašlāki
fuller,
washerman, ašiāku
fuller,
washerman, craft, ašiākūtu
funerary
offering, kisikkû, kispu
funerary
offering, to present a
funerary offering, kasāpu
funerary rite
or structure (Hurrian,
karašku)
fungus, a
fungus, kammu
fungus, a
rash, mold, kibšu
fungus,
mole or mark, katarru
furious,
angry, terrible,
awe-inspiring, adj., ezzu
furious,
choking with rage, ḫannāqu
ferocious,
raging, gaṣṣu
furious,
raging, tooth-gnashing, giṣṣiṣu
furious,
to be furious, to become
furious, to make furious, fierce, ezēzu
furiously,
fiercely, adv., ezziš
furnace,
kiln, oven (of the smith,
potter, etc.), smith, craftsman, armorer, engineer
(as a category of soldier)
kiškattû
furnishing, a
household furnishing,
kursû
furniture,
gašīrūtu
furniture,
piece of furniture,
kipalallu
furniture leg,
kablu
furrow,
absinnu, apkīsu, ḫirru
furrow, a
kind of furrow, ḫirṣu
furrow, to
make a furrow, to plant
trees, to bind, ḫarāšu
furthermore, as well, besides, in addition,
moreover, indeed, appūna
furtively
walking, like a furtively
walking person, ḫallalatti
fury,
ezzetu
future,
in the future, aḫrâtaš, aḫrītiš
future,
following, sequel, later
child, person born later, second place or rank,
rear, arkītu
future,
later, second,
lower in rank, back, rear, guarantor,
arkû
future,
for the future, aḫḫuriš
future,
posterity, progeny, aḫrâtu,
aḫriātu, aḫrītu
[1]
Note: Akkadian, gilittu, fright, terror, Welsh,
gwylltio, to frighten, enrage,
Irish, eagla
ort, to frighten.
G
gad about,
aṣûtu
gain,
booty, spoils, profits, ḫimṣātu
gait,
behavior, alaktu
gait,
walk, steps (made by human
beings, animals, demons, etc.,), tracks, path, track
(as a physical feature),
traces, vestiges, approach, access, sole of the
foot, in kibis šēpi, pressing of dates, path
(in metaphoric use), way of
acting, rite, behavior, etc., deduction, allowance,
kibsu
gang,
group, of workmen, gâ’u
garden,
nature or situation of a garden,
adj., gigiruḫḫe
garden or
field subject to special legal
restrictions, ḫuptu
garden or
field estimated yield, delivered to owner of
field (king, temple, etc.,)
by tenant, imittu
garden,
orchard, palm, grove, kirû
garden plant,
a pungent garden plant,
kunipḫu
garden, pleasure garden, kirimāḫu
garden tool,
kuksu
garden wall,
ramp or similar earth
construction,
kamaru
gardener,
irrigator, water drawer,
dālû
garlic,
loose garlic, gidipū
garlic,
string of garlic, torque of
gold, gidlu
game preserve,
ambassu
garment
accessory, ḫismu
garment,
a garment, eparšû, erimtu, erīru,
gūšu, ḫamû, ḫarīru, ḫazūru, ḫīru,
ḫitlapu, ḫitlupātu
garment, a
garment, ḫubbutu, ḫušuḫḫhu,
I’lu, inguru, inšu, irku, išdiḫu, išḫenabe, ittû,
jaḫilu
garment, a
garment, jamnuqu,
kindabašše, kirbinu, kiribu, kirnaja, kizzu, kula’e,
kummaru
garment, a
garment, agū, agiu,
aribû, aštuzzu, atuplu, allānu, ēdiru, eduk, edūtu,
elijānu, ḫarwa, ḫurdabasu
garment, a
garment, *kuššatu
garment,
apparel covering the hips, dīdū
garment of
Jamhad make, adj., jamḫadû
garment, a colored garment, indu, in lubari
indi
garment,
a costly garment, ellammešu, epattu
garment,
a divine garment, pure rites,
ella-mê
garment, a
fine garment, allūru, elathipu,
kusiqû, kusummû
garment, a
garment (Egyptian word),
adaha
garment, a
garment or object, ḫatlunu
garment, a
kind of garment, iltappu
garment, a kind of
garment, a
kind of trap, neck stock, erinnu
garment, a
linen garment, ḫuzzi
garment, a
piece of apparel, ašlû
garment, a red garment, adamu, adammu, adumu
garment, a special type of garment, perhaps a
scarf, thread, a kind of
colored thread or braid, wire, braided wire or
torque of gold, used as jewelry
and for suspending jewelry, wire cable of bronze,
guḫaṣṣu
garment, a
specific garment,
clothing, (Hurrian word, ituššu)
garment, a
sumptuous garment,
precious stone, illūku
garment, a
type of garment, textile, kuddilu
garment, an
elaborate garment,
kusītu
garment,
an object of gold, ḫuzūnu
garment,
chasuble, irtu, in muḫḫi
irti
garment
decoration, sewn on garment,
(Hurrian word): aššijanni
garment,
describing a garment, adj.,
*ḫubbû
garment, don a garment
or
weapon, edēqu
garment fold,
fold of a garment, or
the arms, ḫabūnu
garment, kind
of garment, abarniu,
ašeratu
garment made
of a fleecy textile,
wool, a wad ore tuft of wool, lock of hair, fleece,
lump of earth, itqu
garment made of fine linen, gadmāḫu
garment, old
garment, kubartu
garment, or a
cover, dapsû, ḫarūru
garment or
cover, ḫurdatu, in ša ḫurdāte
garment
or cloth, gunakku
garment, stone, precious stone, eḫlipakku
garment,
upper garment, elēnītu, elû
garment,
upper or outer garment, insincerity,
high land, high terrain, outside, outer or upper
part, penthouse, top part,
deception, top pack, millstone, upper millstone,
elītu
garment
or wrap, kulīlû
garments, to
cover with garments, etc., to be
covered, clothed, to provide with
clothing, to be clothed, covered,
to
cover the body, to close a door, a pot, to veil, to
cover, close, (the eyes,
the face, the lips, etc.), to overwhelm, to seize
and hold persons, conceal, to
appropriate illegally, clap down, to cover, to clap
down (said of a trap), to
cover tightly, to cover with earth, etc., to cover
with dust, sand, (the sky)
with smoke, etc., to constrict to conceal, close a
pot, a door, to cover up,
katāmu
gash, to
gash, gêšu
garment with
fringes, *edapu
garment,
wool, a quality of garments and
wool, coming from Hana (as a social class or
type of soldier), coming from
Hana (as a designation of a breed of sheep and
goats, ḫanû
garments,
describing garments, adj.,
*ḫallupu
Gasur, from Gasur, after the fashion of Gasur,
kašurû
gate, a
gate name in the city of
Babylon, giššu, in abul giššu
gate,
city gate, entrance gate,
abullu
gate,
city gate, amumunna
gate,
high gate, name of main city
gate of Nippur, abulmāḫu
gatekeeper,
ša abulli, bēl abulli,
mār abulli, abul tannu
gate official,
rabi abulli
gather,
to gather, tie, to be tied,
to tie together, bind together, to join, construct
buildings, etc., to collect,
to compose a text, to give relief, to strengthen, to
repair, to organize,
assemble a body of soldiers into a military
formation, to form a herd of
animals, to make regulations, to organize a group, a
country, to set up a
battle array, to prepare for battle, to plot evil,
to cluster, concentrate,
make compact, to work for wages, to become joined,
put together, to surround
with a fence or net, to fortify, to assemble, to
prepare for battle, to
compact, to assemble, to make ready for battle, to
concentrate, to join
together, to make ready, bound together, kaṣāru
gather,
to gather animals and
objects, to gather in barley, assemble, to be
gathered, to be assembled,
assemble persons, to collect, to bring in (barley,
persons, animals, documents
or objects), stationed, to prepare for burial, to
place, to be finished, kamāsu
gather, to
gather against somebody,
to entwine, to be entwined, to wind around each
other, to form coils, roll up,
to circle around, to wrap, kapālu
gather, to
gather, assemble,
collect, kupputu
gather,
to gather up, to collect, to
scrape together, to decant, to shovel, collect, to
be decanted, esēpu
gather to
oneself, pluck and gather,
to collect, pick up, ḫamāmu
gatherer,
sheaf gatherer, kurullu, in ša kurulli
gaze,
eyesight, sight, wish, mirror,
object looked upon, diglu
gazelle,
armû
gecko,
iṣṣu
gem,
precious stone inlay, diglu
generation,
dāru
genitals of a
female, gabatinnu, ḫanduttu
gentle,
to act as a gentleman,
amēlūtu
gentleman,
not a gentleman, amīilu
in la amīlu
get, to get
hold of (in various shades
of meaning), to attain old age, to obtain a
wish, knowledge, good health,
luck, a friend, to obtain possession of objects,
merchandise, etc., to seize
(said of diseases, evil spirits, misfortunes, etc.),
to surprise (in the act),
to arrest a fugitive, a criminal, to be victorious,
to defeat an enemy, to
conquer a country, a city, to find, to be
sufficient, to approach ( a person,
an authority), with a claim, a complaint,
to amount to,
to reach, to reach
and equal in value, arrive (said of a moment in
time), to capture an enemy, to
win a case, to finish completely, to chase away,
pursue, to drive away, drive
into exile, to disinherit, to drive away evil
spirits, to remove sins, etc., to
make a journey, to drive (horses), to approach
someone, to defeat an enemy, to
conquer, to raid, to make prisoner, to seize, to
send, to pertain to property,
to a right, etc., kašādu
ghee,
ḫimētu
ghee-pot,
inunnakku
ghost,
individual’s demonic power,
alû
giant,
gāšranu
giddy, to
be giddy, to stagger, dâmu
gift,
annual tax collected from
merchants and priests, offering, igisû
gift, a type
of gift or payment,
kalwašše
gift,
bribe, present, offering,
kadrû
gift (made to
honor a person),
*kubbuttu
gift, rich
gift, abundance,
abundant, kubuttû
gift, to
exchange or send gifts,
šulmānu
gifts,
presents (to a god or king),
income, import duty, offering, amount, irbu
gird, to
gird, ebehu
gird, to
gird, to gird oneself, ezēḫu
girdle, a
type of loincloth, enû
girl,
homeless, destitute girl,
ekūtu
girl’s status
(being homeless,
destitute, unprotected), ekûtu
girt,
joined, linked, braided, kiṣṣuru
girt, to
be girt, tied, to have
cramps, to cause cramps, ebeṭu
give in full,
to be settled, used up, to be
annihilated, ruined, to spend,
to concentrate, to encompass, to possess in full,
finish, to finish, to bring
to an end, to control, to annihilate, to use up, to
settle, to pay or deliver
in full, to use one’s full strength, to render a
final verdict, to cause to
spend, to hold together, to be brought to an end,
gamāru
give, to give
information,
investigate, to study, to remind,
to
worry, to pay attention, to be concerned, worried, to be
pious, to think of a deity = to heed a
diety, to think of a person (said of gods and kings
= to care for, to mention, ḫasāsu
give satisfaction, satisfy a legitimate demand, apālu
give, to give
an order, to grant, to
offer to a god, offered, to assign, to produce a
person, to point out, to show a document, to
show somebody the peg driven
in a field (as legal act accompanying the transfer
of a field), to show an item
to be accounted for, to reveal (something hidden),
to expose to the sun, to
disclose, reveal, explain, exhibit, to show an
(ominous) sign, to advise, to
instigate, to teach, to instruct, to show a
particular mood or attitude, to
make someone experience prosperity, hardship, to be
shown, to become exposed,
to show, to reveal, to disclose, to produce, to
show, kullumu
glance, look, imratu
glass crucible, for metal and glass, kiln,
brazier, kūru
gloom, darkness, da’ummatu
gloomily,
ekliš
gloomy,
to become gloomy, dim, dark,
to be dark, to darken, to be darkened, eṭû
glorify,
to proclaim, dalālu
glory,
fame, praise, dalīlu
glow, to make
glow, set aglow, to be
inflamed, to heat, burn, cause fever, make feverish,
restless, ḫamātu
glue, casein
glue?, soured milk, kisimmu
glutton,
eater, akkilu
gnash the
teeth, to bare the teeth,
to rage, to be raging, gaṣāṣu
gnashing,
adj., *gāṣiṣu
gnaw, to
chew up, kasāsu
gnawed,
kussusu
go abroad,
nisâti
go abroad,
go overland, to cover a
distance, eqlu
go away,
to absent oneself, to expel
a person, to remove an object, to be removed,
duppuru
go, come,
to go, to come, gâšu
go downhill,
descend, arādu
go on a
journey, business trip,
girru
go overland,
elapse, to cross, pass
along (walking), to advance on or continue a
journey, to march in review, to
pass by, to pass through, to transgress, to go
beyond or exceed, to by-pass,
avoid, to send on overland, to make pass on or
proceed, to pass objects on, to
move objects past, to hand over,
transfer, to go through with a ritual, to
allow time to elapse, cause
delay, to allow persons or boats to pass, to avert,
to be transgressed, to be
transferred, etēqu
go,
govern, rule, oppose, attack,
send a message, advance, turn against person,
confront, order, âru
go home, arrive, to bring something to enter a
house, city, penetrate, to
invade, to come (of taxes or months), to enter, to
enter into the king or god’s
presence, to return, erēbu
go, to
go, move toward, akāšu, alāku
go, to go,
walk about, to live, act, be
in motion, atalluku, italluku
go to the
water ordeal, ḫuršānu
go out,
escape, to leave, depart,
come out of a temple, etc., to rise (of stars), to
grow, disappear, așû
going out, departing (messenger, army, etc.),
inclined to go, stray, leading
out (street), disappearing (disease), protruding
object, āṣû
goad, a
barbed goad or whip, kaparru
goad of the
donkey driver, loom
part, kajû
goad or
whip, ḫinšu
goad,
prick, karallu
goat, adult
male goat, gizzu[1]
goat, a goat,
ḫanzu
goat
(generic term), she-goat,
constellation lyra, enzu
goat-like,
*gizzānû
goat, measure of weight used for goat hair and
wool, kuduktu
goats or
sheep being fattened, kuruštû
goat,
she-goat, azzatu
goats and sheep, sheep, mountain sheep, ram,
immeru
goblet,
cup, cup as a capacity
measure, kāsu
goblet or bowl, dapi’u
god,
digirû, elu
god, a
little god, ilānu
god, dead god, dingiruggû
god,
deity, the god, protective
deity (daimon), demon, evil spirit, good fortune,
luck, spirit of a deceased
child, image of a deity, a pair of gods, ilu
god, function, rank of the highest god,
anūtu
god, foreign
word for god, kiūrum
god, Humbaba,
reptile with head like
that of the god, ḫumbabītu
god of the
highest rank, illilu
god, sky god,
name of highest god, Anu
god,
supreme god, enlillu
goddess, eštaru, durdû, eltu, arkaītu, aštaru,
*innintu, ištartu
goddess,
a term for goddess, amālû,
amaluktu, amalūtu
goddess,
female deity, iltu
goddess
function, aja’ūtu, ajûtu
goddess of
the field, plant, ilat
eqli
goddess of
the highest rank,
illilatu
goddess,
personal or protective goddess, statue
of a goddess, ištaru
goddess with the wand (she the goddess with
the wand), ḫaṭṭu, in šât ḫaṭṭi
godhead,
supreme godhead, enlillūtu
god’s title,
abu, i.e. abu Enlil,
ŜU.I,
going,
moving, allaku
gold, a gold
object, (Hurrian word, ḫindu)
gold, as
a material, varieties,
economic use, figurative use, in pharmacopoeia,
ḫurāṣu[2]
gold or
silversmith, kutimmu
golden,
ḫurāṣānû
gold, (Hurrian
word, ajaraḫḫe, ḫiaruḫḫe)
gold, object
of gold, a garment, ḫuzūnu
gold ornament,
gullatu, kamaru,
*kirītu, kussu
gold ornament,
metal object, ḫašû
gold
ornament, small gold ornament, ḫirītu
gold
ornament, to attach gold ornaments,
to bond a wall, ḫatû
gold or
silver piece, usually of
standardized weight, used in commercial
transactions, ḫitmu
gold,
poetic synonym of hurāșu,
“gold,” dajalu or ţajalu,
dalpu or dalbu
gold torque,
string of garlic, gidlu
goldsmith
prebend, kutimmūtu
good
condition, gracious, favorable,
propitious, effective, canonical, damqu
good
condition, in good condition,
favorable, normal, regular, ordinary, prosperous,
straight, fair, just,
correct, loose (said of the bowels),
išaru
good, favorable, dummuqu
good, fine,
pleasant, beautiful,
handsome, of good family, well-to-do, expert,
well-trained, of good quality, in
good fortune, image of a deity, spirit of a
deceased child, evil
spirit, demon, deity, god, the
god, protective deity (daimon), luck, a pair of
gods, ilu
good luck, good fortune, favor (divine) grace,
well-being, prosperity, fortune,
profit, fame, recommendation, gratitude, beauty,
choice thing, treasure,
darling, dumqu
good luck,
friendliness, dumuqtu
goodness, good relations, good news, good
luck, fame, favor, good will,
luck, recommendation, damiqtu
goods,
expended, akiltu
goose,
kurkû
goose, a kind of goose or duck, kurukku
goose, like a
goose, adv., kurkattam
gore, to
butt, genû
goring,
fiercely, adv., kadriš
goring
(bull), wild, impetuous,
proud (deity or person), kadru
gossip,
lawsuit, legal case,
agreement, matter, rumor, report, word, talk, dibbu
govern,
rule, oppose, attack, send a
message, to go, advance, turn against person,
confront, order, âru
governor,
to be governor, piḫatūtu
governor,
to rule as governor,
šaknūtu
grace, divine
grace, understanding,
notification, mention, intelligence, ḫissatu
grace,
favor (divine) grace,
gratitude, fame, fortune, good fortune, good luck,
well-being, prosperity,
fortune, profit, recommendation, beauty, choice
thing, treasure, darling, dumqu
grace,
mercy, ennu
gracious,
do a favor, do good deeds
fortune, have good fortune, propitious, prosper,
improve, have good luck, be
pleasing, embellish, treat kindly, execute
efficiently, give propitious omens, damāqu
gracious,
to be gracious, merciful,
epēqu
grain, a
type of groats (hulled
grain, typically oats), dulīqāte
grain stores
official, official in
charge of grain stores,
kagurrû
grain, to
process grain in some way,
ḫaṭāpu
grain,
cereal (generic term), ašnan
granary,
akāmu
granary,
small granary, isru
granary,
storehouse, arahhu, ararû,
arû
grandfather,
abiu mmi
grandfather,
maternal, abi-ummi
grant, to
grant, to offer to a god,
offered, to assign, to produce a person,
to point out, to show a document, to show
somebody the peg driven in a
field (as legal act accompanying the transfer of a
field), to show an item to
be accounted for, to reveal (something hidden), to
expose to the sun, to
disclose, reveal, explain, exhibit, to show an
(ominous) sign, to advise, to
instigate, to teach, to instruct, to give an order,
to show a particular mood
or attitude, to make someone experience prosperity,
hardship, to be shown, to
become exposed, to show, to reveal, to disclose, to
produce, to show, kullumu
grape cluster,
isḫunnatu, karānatu
grapes, bunch
of grapes, isḫunnu
grapes,
grapevine, wine, karānu
grass, a
grass, aššultu, elmeštu
grass, a
kind of grass, arantu, ḫasarratu,
ḫirinnu
grass, a
grass or weed, išbabtu
grass or
a wild-growing cereal,
imikkarūru
grate,
prison (as a poetic term),
kišukku
gratitude,
fame, fortune, good
fortune, favor (divine) grace, good luck,
well-being, prosperity, fortune,
profit, recommendation, beauty, choice thing,
treasure, darling, dumqu
grave matter,
important, main body
of an army, an euphemism for the left hand, double
pot, kabittu
grave,
fortified, fierce, binding,
heavy, hard, solid, strong, thick,
massive, steady, loud, legitimate, reliable,
powerful, mighty, great, savage,
difficult, dangerous, serious, obstinate, bad,
tyrannical, harsh, urgent,
essential, imperative, pressing, dannu
grave,
hole, pit, ḫaštu
grave,
tomb, kimāḫu
gravel,
rubble, ḫiṣṣu
great,
grave, fortified, fierce,
binding, heavy, hard, solid, strong,
thick, massive, steady, loud, legitimate,
reliable, powerful, mighty,
savage, difficult, dangerous, serious, obstinate,
bad, tyrannical, harsh,
urgent, essential, imperative, pressing, dannu
great-grandfather,
abi abi-abi, abu
abaabiia
greatly,
very, adanniš
greatly,
very, severely, danniš
green,
irqu, išqu
green a shade
of green or blue,
ḫinziribu
green, to
become green or yellow, to
turn pale, arāqu
green,
yellow, arqu
greenness,
freshness, arqūtu
greenry,
vegetable, arqu
greens,
kisimtu
greeting,
to pronounce formulas of greeting,
homage, adoration, praise, and to
pronounce formulas of blessing
(said of gods and divine powers and manifestations),
to invoke blessings upon
other persons for a specific purpose, before the
images of the gods, to pray to
the gods, to make the gesture of adoration or
greeting, to dedicate an offering
by pronouncing the relevant formulas, karābu
grievous,
dangerous, abundant,
heavy, dense, substantial, severe, serious, honored,
important, venerable,
influential person at the royal court, kabtu
grind, to
grind, ḫarāru
grind?
rub?, kâṣu
grinding,
to mill, work of a
grinder, ararrūtu
grinding slab,
handmill, erû
groats and
beer made of it (i.e,
oats), ḫašlātu
groin, the
area between the thighs,
thigh, kappaltu
groom
(for leading donkeys and
horses and as title of a court official), kartappu
grooms,
headman of the grooms, kizû,
in rab kizȋ
groom,
herdsman?, personal
attendant, kizû
grooms,
headman of the grooms, kizû,
in rab kizȋ
ground flour
(describing flour
ground in some special way), ḫarru
ground, stony ground, kāpītu
ground,
terrain, fortress, fortified
place, famine, hard times, distress, foundation pit
bottom, cold weather, part
of window, valid tablet, dannatu
group, a
group of five persons, ḫamištu
group, a
group or organization
(foreign word), aršammaja
group,
gang of workmen, gâ’u
group of
social equals, status of
social equality, kinattūtu
grove,
palm, orchard, garden, kirû
grow, to grow
abundantly, ḫanābu
grow, to
disappear, come out of a
temple, etc., depart, go out, escape, to leave, to
rise (of stars), așû
grown together, flourish, entangled, crossed, send
forth shoots, stretch forth
(arm, etc.), sprout, lengthen, elēpu
growl, to
growl, ḫawû
growth, skin
growth, fatty tissue
around the intestine, ḫimṣu
growth, skin
growth or boil,
kuzillatu
guarantor,
future, later,
second, lower in rank, back, rear, arkû
guarantor,
one who guarantees, asset
serving as security, kattû
guaranty,
to assume, qātāte
guard service
fee, fee payable by the
owners of date groves for guard service,
fortified outpost,
kādu
guide, to
lead, to bring
people/animals, to rule, to steer a boat, to have
brought, send, guide safely,
arû
guide text,
(a type of excert tablet
serving as a guide), girru, in rikis girri
guilt,
wrongdoing, misdeed, offense,
punishment, fine, arnu
guilty,
annu, in ša anni
gully,
cut-off piece,
anxiety, break, panic, ḫīpu
gypsum,
whitewash, gaṣṣu
[1]
Note: Akkadian, ḫanzu,
a goat,
azzatu, she-goat, gizzu,
he-goat, Sanskrit, aja,
ajaa, a goat, chāgaḥ, he goat,Belarusian,
kaziol, he-goat, Croatian, kozu, he-goat, kaza,
she-goat, Baltic-Sudovian,
azukas, he-goat, aze, she-goat, Latvian, kaza,
he-goat, Greek, κατσίκι,
katsiki, he-goat, Tocoharian, āṣi,
aṣiye,
he-goat, ās, she-goat.
[2]
Akkadian, ajaraḫḫe, gold,
Avestan, zairitem
[zairita] golden, Persian, زرین zarin,
gold, Latin, auratus-a-um, gold,
Irish, órga
, golden, óir, gold,
Scots-Gaelic,
òr, golden, gold, Welsh, euraid, adj., golden, aur,
gold, Italian, aureo, adj.,
gold,
d'oro, golden, French, or, gold,
dorê,
adj. golden, Etruscan, auratom, auratum (AFRATVM).
H
I
I,
pron., anāku (OAkk., on)
I, pron.,
anuki
ice,
snow, cold, kuppū
identify,
assign, to announce, to be
appointed, to recognize, to be recognized, reveal,
to mark, in a daze,
intentionally, neglect, to disregard, to be unable
to, to be unused to, (with
negation) to be unfamiliar with, to take cognizance
of, to care for something
or somebody, to be aware of, versed in something,
familiar with, to be
experienced, to know something or somebody, (with
negation) to be unfamiliar
with, to be unused to, knowingly, unwittingly,
unconsciously, to inform, to
make known, revealed, proclaim, to make
recognizable, idû
if, in
case, in the manner of,
according to, as soon as, when, as, that, whether,
because, on account of, so that,
conj. kīma
if indeed,
conj., ištuma
if not,
conversely, jānumma
if not,
or else, jānû
ill-smelling
oil, ikūku[1]
ill-smelling
substance, an,
kuzublatû
ill-wisher, ḫādi’ānu
ill-wisher,
gloater over other’s
misfortune, ḫādû
image of a
deity, spirit of a deceased
child, evil
spirit, demon, deity,
god, the god, protective deity (daimon), good
fortune, luck, a pair of gods,
ilu
image maker,
ēpiš ṣalmi
image’s apparel, an article of apparel for
images, ḫurābu
immediately,
adv., ḫamuttiš
immediately,
quickly, suddenly,
adv., ḫantis
immerse,
immersed, to dam (a canal
or waterway), obstruct, soak, intertwine, to do
promptly?, to have done
promptly?, to have soaked, to become intertwined?,
to be done promptly?, karāku
immigrants,
errebtu
immobilize,
to make immobile, to be
lame, to hinder movements, to be paralyzed, kabālu
impending,
adj., itkupu
imperative,
harsh, obstinate,
tyrannical, thick, serious, savage, reliable,
massive, legitimate, loud,
steady, urgent, pressing, powerful, mighty,
essential, dangerous, difficult,
great, grave, fortified, fierce, binding, heavy,
hard, solid, strong, bad,
dannu
impetuous,
goring (bull), wild,
proud (deity or person), kadru
impetuosity,
irḫūtu
implement,
an implement, kanassarru,
kurādu
implement,
a tool, aripše
implement,
agricultural, argukku, ḫaḫḫaru[2]
implement,
agricultural? amandēnu
implement
maker, of ampannus,
ampannuḫiu
implement
metal tip, appatu
implement or
object, ḫassapu
implement,
small metal implement, daššu
implement,
wooden, ampannu
implement
wooden part, stone bead,
hypogastric region (lower stomach), emšu
import duty,
income, gifts, presents
(to a god or king), offering, amount, irbu
important,
honored, grievous,
dangerous, abundant, heavy, dense, substantial,
severe, serious, venerable,
influential person at the royal court, kabtu
important,
main body of an army,
grave matter, an euphemism for the left hand, double
pot, kabittu
important,
serious, strong, dunnunu
important, to
become important, to
show respect, to pay respect to gods, to parents, to respect
an oath, rich, to become painful,
to honor a person, honored, to give honor, to be
honored, to hatch (said of a
bird), bothersome, to become difficult, lethargic,
massive, fat, to become heavy, to aggravate,
make difficult, etc., to
extinguish a fire, to underline the importance of,
to make heavy, kabātu
impotent,
impure, abnormal,
irregular, unjust, polluted, unjustly treated,
unfortunate, isaru, in išaru
impoverished,
to become
impoverished, to become dilapidated, weak, shaky, to
be out of funds, enēšu
impregnate,
pregnant, to be
pregnant, to conceive, erû
imprison, to
make prisoner, to raid, to make
a journey, to approach ( a
person, an authority), with a claim, a complaint, to
approach someone, to
amount to, to
reach, to reach and equal
in value, arrive (said of a moment in time), to be
sufficient, to find, to
conquer a country, a city, to defeat an enemy, to be
victorious, to capture an
enemy, to arrest a fugitive, a criminal, to surprise
(in the act), to seize
(said of diseases, evil spirits, misfortunes, etc.),
to obtain a wish,
knowledge, good health, luck, a friend, to attain
old age, to win a case, to
obtain possession of objects, merchandise, etc., to
get hold of (in various
shades of meaning), to finish completely, to chase
away, pursue, to drive away,
drive into exile, to disinherit, to drive away evil
spirits, to remove sins,
etc., to drive (horses), to defeat an enemy, to
conquer, to seize, to send, to
pertain to property, to a right, etc., kašādu
imprisoned,
locked, edlu
imprisonment,
prison, ḫušaurūtu
imprisonment,
captivity, finale of a
song, kīlu
improve,
to improve, prosper, to
have good luck, fortune, be propitious, to be
pleasing, embellish, be gracious,
do a favor, treat kindly, do good deeds, execute
efficiently, provide
propitious omens, damāqu
impudent,
fearless, la ādiru
impure,
abnormal, irregular, unjust,
polluted, unjustly treated, unfortunate, impotent,
isaru, in išaru
in, on,
from, through, prep., ina
in addition,
adv., ittȋ
in addition
to, apart from, above,
over, upstream, prep., elēn, elēnu
in addition,
moreover, besides,
furthermore, indeed, as well, appūna
in case,
in the manner of, according
to, as soon as, when, as, that, whether, because, on
account of, if, so that,
conj. kīma
in due form,
correctly, according to
expectation, duly, truthfully, loyally, steadily,
firmly, kīniš
in every
respect, all, everywhere,
anywhere, adv., kališ
in every
respect, in one act,
jointly, instantly, together, at the same time, as
one group, all together,
ištēniš
in lieu of,
in the manner of, like,
as, according to, corresponding to, instead of,
prep., kīma
in place of,
instead of, for, prep.,
kīmū
in the manner
of, according to, as
soon as, when, as, that, whether, because, on
account of, if, in case, so that,
conj. Kīma
in the manner
of, like, as,
according to, corresponding to, instead of, in lieu
of, prep., kīma
in this
manner, as follows, on
account of this, for such reason, adv., kīnanna
in this
manner, how, thus, adv.,
kīam
in this way,
kīakī
incantation
magic formula, dihun
dihun
incantation
magic formula, ḫaltib,
in ḫaltib ḫaltib
incantation
magic formula, ḫatib, in
ḫatib ḫatib
incantation
magic formula, ḫubba, in
ḫubba ḫubba
incantation
magic formula, ḫulqi, in
ḫulqi ḫulqi
incantation
magic formula, ḫušria,
in ḫušria ḫušria
incantation
magic formula, ḫutul, in
ḫutul ḫutul
incantation
priest, dimmaḫḫu
incapable,
emūqu in la emūqā
incise a
relief, to apportion
(lots), to draw, to make a drawing, esēqu
incise,
to cut, to cut down, cut off, to cut in
deeply, determine, to set, make clear,
clarify, to become ready, to treat, consider, to
adjust, to cut off, to deduct,
to correspond, ḫarāṣu
incised,
deeply incised, adj., *ḫurruru
incision, to
make an incision, to
dredge a river,
to excavate, to make
a ditch, ḫaṭāṭu
incision, to
make a deep incision, ḫuddudu
incline, to
construct an incline, to
subject oneself, to subjugate, to bow down, to make
bow, to bend, to bend down, to
submit to an overlord, a deity, to
submit to a decision, to force into
submission, to make submissive, kanāšu
incline for
shedding rain water,
kinšu
income from a
secular or a temple office,
property, lot, portion, share (a portion of land, or
booty, assigned by lot,
lot, fortune, power, special qualification, emblem,
isqu
income,
gifts, presents (to a god or
king), import duty, offering, amount, irbu
income or
dues registered in a special
ledger or
list on a wooden tablet,
wooden board (as part of a window, part of a brick
mold, etc.), kiskirru
incrustation
(made in a special
technique), iḫzētu
incursion of
an enemy, razzia, išḫiṭu
incursion,
to make an incursion,
move across, a razzia into enemy territory, to make
move across, ḫabātu
indeed,
is it not so? jānû[3]
indeed, yes, anna, anni, annû
indemnity
(for alost object),
status of a person given as a distrainee for a debt,
replacement (for a
distrained person), kiššatu
indented,
deeply cut, adj., ḫuddudu
indifference,
indifference moveing,
wander aimlessly, prowl, wander in despair, move
unnaturally, dâlu
individual,
solitary, single person
or object, ēdu
individually,
one-by-one, adv.,
īdišam
infant
(suckling), dumugabû
infant child,
ginû
infect
disease, to inflict diseases,
join together, to be joined together, unite,
support, tax, impose taxes, fines,
load, land a boat, lean, to lean against, to reach,
to cling to, to come in
contact, to stand nearby, take cover, refuge, to
place a lean upon or against
something, to assign, accuse, mix, add up, meet,
emēdu
inferior,
small, dallu
infestation
with vermin, ḫatātitu
infested,
person infested with vermin,
adj., ḫatitan, ḫattītu, ḫuttutu
inflammation,
fire (as a natural
phenomenon), fire (produced for specific purposes),
fire signal, abscess, išātu
inflamed,
to heat, to burn, to make
glow, set aglow, cause fever, make feverish,
restless, ḫamātu
inflate,
blow into somebody, said of
evil spirits, to blow away spirit from dead body,
edēpu
inflated,
to be thick, ḫašāšu
inflation,
ḫiššatu
influential
person at the royal court,
important, honored, grievous, dangerous, abundant,
heavy, dense, substantial,
severe, serious, venerable, kabtu
inform, to
inform, to mark, in a
daze, intentionally, neglect, to disregard, to be
unable to, to be unused to,
(with negation) to be unfamiliar with, to take
cognizance of, to care for
something or somebody, to be aware of, versed in
something, familiar with, to
be experienced, to know something or somebody, (with
negation) to be unfamiliar
with, to be unused to, knowingly, unwittingly,
unconsciously, to make known,
reveal, to recognize, identify, to assign, to be
recognized, revealed,
appointed, to announce, proclaim, to make
recognizable, to mark, to assign, idû
inform,
to know, understand,
instruct, prescribe, to be understood, to be
recognizable (said of stars) ḫakāmu
information,
notice, di’atu
informer,
kašudû
inhabitant of
town, present, sitting,
tenant, living in a house, ašbu
inhabited,
ašbu
ingot,
gubāru, kubāru
ingot
(metal cast in a specific
form, i.e., bar or the like, to be used by the smith
to manufacture certain
objects), kušru
ingot or
weight, ganūnu
ingredients
intended, for gariṣtu-bread,
*gurruṣu
injure,
ruin, to smash, repudiate
(an agreement), split in half, wreck, to destroy an
object, to break (a
tablet), to invalidate (a document), demolish, to
cut wood trees, divide, to
break off, to crush, hurt, to break into, ḫepû
injure,
to cause an eye injury,
perhaps to blind, ḫuppudu
injure,
to fail, to sin, to
trespass, to
commit an offense, to
neglect, to make a mistake, miss, to damage, ḫaṭû
insect, a
biting insect, kuzāzu
insect, a
destructive insect,
kazazakku
insect, a
green winged insect, a
bird, ḫanzizītu
insect, a
small insect, ibḫu
insect,
an insect, dimānu, kalab Ŝamaš,
kuluppu
insect,
an insect, female demon, a
plant, ḫallulaja
insect, an
insect, a cereal,
kulilītu
insect,
an insect, a demon,
aburrisānu, burrisānu
insect,
an insect, (lit. reaper of
the surface of the water), ēṣid pān mê
insect, craftsman working in wood and metal,
gurgurru
insect larva,
ḫarsapnu
insect
(lit., sow), ḫuzīrtu
insect,
or an animal, adaru
insect,
plant, dajae, ilqitu
insert into a
center, to become severed,
sting, to pierce,
dakāšu
inside
information, omen, ominous,
notice, acknowledgment, written proof, password,
signal, diagram,
characteristic, feature, sign, mark,
ittu
insignificant,
negligible (person or
thing), adj., itnušu
insincerity,
high land, high
terrain, outside, outer or upper part, penthouse,
top part, deception, top
pack, millstone, upper millstone, upper or outer
garment, elītu
insolence,
irḫu
insolently,
ekṣiš
insolently,
rashly, adv. erḫāniš
inspection,
to make an inspection,
minūtu
inspector
chief, dajālu, in rab
dajāli
inspector,
scout, dajālu
inspector,
spyhole, watchful, said
of gods and demons, ḫa’āṭu
inspiring?,
fear, kummusu
installed,
loyal, legitimate,
established, adj., kunnu
instantly,
together, jointly, at the
same time, as one group, in one act, in every
respect, all together, ištēniš
instead,
additionally, accordingly,
adv., kīmū
instead,
correspondingly, as a
replacement, kūm
instead of,
because, according to,
conj., kīmū
instead of,
from, before, with, in
the presence of, ašar
instead of,
in lieu of, in the
manner of, like, as, according to, corresponding to,
prep., kīma
instead of,
in place of, for, kīmū
instigate, to
instigate, exhibit,
explain, to
expose to the sun, to
become exposed, to reveal (something hidden),
reveal, to offer to a god, to
assign, to produce a person, to
point out, to show a document, to show somebody the
peg driven in a field (as
legal act accompanying the transfer of a field), to
show an item to be
accounted for, to disclose, to show an (ominous)
sign, to advise, to teach, to
instruct, to give an order, to show a particular
mood or attitude, to make
someone experience prosperity, hardship, to be
shown, offered, to show, to
disclose, to produce, to grant, to show, kullumu
instruct,
check, control, organize,
marshall forces, muster, to provide food rations, be
mustered, ašāru
instruct,
inform, to know,
understand, prescribe, to be understood, to be
recognizable (said of stars) ḫakāmu
instruct, to
instruct, to instigate,
exhibit, explain, to
expose to the
sun, to become exposed, to reveal (something
hidden), reveal, to offer to a
god, to assign, to produce a person, to
point out, to show a document, to show somebody the
peg driven in a field (as
legal act accompanying the transfer of a field), to
show an item to be
accounted for, to disclose, to show an (ominous)
sign, to advise, to teach, to
give an order, to show a particular mood or
attitude, to make someone
experience prosperity, hardship, to be shown,
offered, to show, to disclose, to
produce, to grant, to show, kullumu
instruction,
knowledge, precepts, iḫzu
instrument,
musical, adapu
intercede,
abbûtu
innumerable,
almīn
intelligence,
understanding,
mention, notification, divine grace, ḫissatu
intelligent,
adj., ḫāsisu, ḫassu
intelligent,
to be intelligent, understanding, to
listen to somebody,
to refer to something/somebody, to be mindful
of, remember, to be mindul of something, care for,
to think of a person (said
of gods and kings = to care for, to be pious, diety,
to think of a deity = to
heed a diety, to think of a person (said of gods and
kings = to care for, to
mention, to plan, to remind, to study, investigate,
to worry, to give
information, to pay attention, to be concerned,
worried, ḫasāsu
intelligently,
adv., emqiš
intentionally,
neglect, to disregard, to be unable
to, to be unused to, (with
negation) to be unfamiliar with, to take cognizance
of, to care for something
or somebody, to be aware of, versed in something,
familiar with, to be
experienced, to know something or somebody, (with
negation) to be unfamiliar
with, to be unused to, knowingly, unwittingly,
unconsciously, in a daze, to
mark, to inform, to make known, reveal, to
recognize, identify, to assign, to
be recognized, revealed, appointed, to announce,
proclaim, to make recognizable,
to mark, to assign, idû
intercede,
to intercede, abbūtu
interdicted,
forbidden thing, place
or action, ikkibu
interest,
debt, obligation (with
interest), ḫubullu
interfere,
confuse, denounce,
disturb, embarrass, blur eyes, stir up, roil water,
become troubled, dalāḫu
interlaced,
ḫutputu
interstice of
a net, itannu
intertwine,
to become intertwined?,
to soak, to immerse, to dam (a canal or waterway),
obstruct, to do promptly?,
to have done promptly?, to have soaked, immersed, to
be done promptly?, karāku
intertwined,
entangled, crossed,
complex, difficult, crooked, distorted, untrue,
adj., itguru
intertwined
trees, to be intertwined
(said of trees) to coat with bronze, cover,
to clothe, to enter surreptitiously, to slip in or
through, ḫalāpu
interrupt,
to cut off, to cut down
orchards, fruit trees, kašāṭu
intestinal
cover, (in kulum libbi
the part of the animal body which covers the
intestines), kutmu
intestinal
fatty tissue, a growth on
the skin, ḫimṣu
intestinal
trouble, to have
intestinal trouble, emēru
introductory
word, particle
introducing direct speech, enma
intruder,
newcomer, person accepted
into the family, errebu
invalidate (a
document), hurt,
injure, ruin, to smash, repudiate (an agreement),
split in half, wreck, to
destroy an object, to break (a tablet), demolish, to
cut wood trees, divide, to
break off, to crush, to break into, ḫepû
investigate,
penetrate into, trace,
search, to survey, examine, watch over, to take care
of, to explore, to weight
out, pay, ḫâṭu
investigate,
to study, to
remind, to worry, to give information,
to pay attention, to be concerned, worried,
to be pious, to think of a deity = to heed a
diety, to think of a person
(said of gods and kings = to care for, to mention,
ḫasāsu
investigate,
to investigate an affair, amatu-a
investigate,
to investigate
a case,
dibbu, kutaliu
investigate,
to make an investigation, dinu-a
invert,
to alternate, to change, to
displace, to shift, to revoke terms, commands,
retract, substitute, interchange,
replace one another, to be
revoked, enû
invade,
to come (of taxes or
months), to enter, to enter, to enter into the king
or god’s presence, to
penetrate, to return, to arrive, to go home, to
bring something to enter a
house, city, erēbu
inverted,
in an inverted position,
enīta
irascible, to
be irascible, to
become angry, wrathful, to be angry with each other,
to make angry, to become
angered, kamālu
irregular,
impure, abnormal, unjust,
polluted, unjustly treated, unfortunate, impotent,
isaru, in išaru
irrigated
field, irrigation, dālu
irrigated
fields, irrigated by water
drawn from wells, daluwātu
irrigator,
water drawer, gardener,
dālû
irrigator,
worker on irrigation
ditches, ēsip iki
irrigation
dike, dam, kilâtu
irrigation,
using water from a well,
dālu, dīlu
irritability,
temper,
ikku
iron
implement, an iron implement, ḫaḫḫu
iron smelting,
to smelt iron,
parzillu
iron tool,
ḫālilu
is it not so? indeed, jānû[4]
is, happens, build, construct, cultivate,
manufacture, to practice
witchcraft, treat person or thing, perform a
divination, a ritual, to plant,
permit (said of gods), to proceed, act, to act, be
active, epēšu
isolated, unattached, lone person, aloneness, ēdēnu
Istar, an
epithet of Īštar, (lit.
the Divine), ištarītu
Istar, an
epithet of Īštar, *itburu,
*kadriu
Istar’s cult
attendant, assinnu
Istar cult
attendant’s position,
assinūtu
Īštar of Kiš,
kiššitu
Īštar, member
of the temple-personnel
(of Īštar), actor, performing dances and
music, kulu’u
itch, to itch,
ḫarāsu
itch, to make
itch, rub,
kadādu
ivory, a
qualification of ivory,
gilāmu
[1]
Note: English word “icky,”: (Oxford Dictionary,
“nasty or unpleasant,
distastefully sentimental. Origin: Perhaps
related to sick or to the child’s
word ‘ickle.’” Perhaps the English word came
from Akkadian?
[2]
Note the English word “harrow” [<ME harwe]: a
farm implement having a heavy
framewith teeth or upright disks, used to break
up plowed ground, to break up
soil with a harrow, to distrewss greatly,
torment.
[3]
Latin nonne
[4]
Latin, nonne
J
jailed man, prisoner, kīlu, in
ša kīli
jasper, jašpû
jar, a jar,
kulmittu
jar of two
seahs, kaptukkû
jar, storage jar or bin, produce of a field,
yield, išpikū
jaundice, a name for the sparrow, amurriqānu
jaundice,
god of jaundice, aḫḫāzu
javelin,
a thrusting weapon, *jakītu
jaw (upper
and lower), cheekbone,
isu
jester,
ēpiš nu’ûti
jeweler,
craft of the jeweler,
kabšarrūtu
jeweler,
stone mason, kabšarru
jewelry,
dumāqu
jewelry, a
kind of jewelry or ornament,
kamītu
jewelry,
a piece of jewelry, allu, annuqu,
(Hurrian word:), aqarhu, atannu, ediptu, gamagallu,
ḫindu, gungupinnu, ḫarḫašakku,
ḫarušḫu, igbaru, ituzarri, izziḫu, (Hurrian word
kapissuḫḫe), kizzu
jewelry,
piece of jewelry or amulet worn around the
neck, neck scarf,
necklace, neck, throat (of a human being, a god, or
an animal, ofen including
the head and shoulders), string of beads, bank of a
river, canal, ditch, shore
of the sea, edge of a well, rim of a pot, etc.,
kišādu
jewelry,
a piece of jewelry or
ornament, dašannu
jewelry, a
piece of jewelry
set with stones, gusigu
jewelry,
a piece of jewelry or
ornament consisting of a precious stone, guggubu
jewelry, a
piece of jewelry or tag,
work obligation, tax, impost, support, stanchion,
imdu
jewelry, a
small piece of jewelry,
karadnannu
jewelry
plaque, a square plaque of
gold or precious stone used as a piece of jewelry,
gištuppu
join together,
to be joined
together, unite, support, tax, impose taxes, fines,
load, land a boat, lean, to
lean against,
to reach, to cling to,
to come in contact, to stand nearby, take cover,
refuge, to place a lean upon
or against something, to inflict diseases, to
assign, accuse, mix, add up,
meet, emēdu
join, to
be joined, tie objects
together, to paralyze limbs and parts of the body,
bond, to bond bricks or
blocks of stone, to bind, to bind hands and feet, to
bind magically, arrest a
person, to put a person in fetters, to be fettered,
to demand payment, kasû
join, to
tie, bind together,
construct buildings, etc., to collect, to compose a
text, to give relief, to
strengthen, to repair, to organize, assemble a body
of soldiers into a military
formation, to form a herd of animals, to make
regulations, to organize a group,
a country, to set up a battle array, to prepare for
battle, to plot evil, to
cluster, gather, concentrate, make compact, to work
for wages, to become
joined, put together, to tie together, to surround
with a fence or net, to
fortify, to assemble, to prepare for battle, to
compact, to assemble, to make
ready for battle, to concentrate, to join together,
to make ready for battle,
to make ready, to gather, to be tied, bound
together, kaṣāru
joined,
linked, girt, braided, kiṣṣuru
joint,
collected, agglomerated,
itmudu
joint of the
human or animal body,
payment in kind for services or taxes, rent payment,
team of workmen or
experts, troop, contingent of soldiers, knot made
for magic purposes, a feature
of the exta, anger, wrath, structure, bond (of a
mountain, wall), mountain
fastness, concentration, strength, joint, node, knot
of a plant, section of a
text or region, possessions, treasures, stricture of
the alimentary canal,
obstruction in a canal, lump, meterorite?, clasp,
handle, an astronomical term,
kiṣru
jointly, instantly, together, at the same
time, as one group, in one act,
in every respect, all together, ištēniš
journey,
march, military campaign,
path, road, caravan, business trip, expeditionary
force, travel provisions,
girru
journey, to
make a journey, to
approach ( a person, an authority), with a claim, a
complaint, to approach
someone, to amount to,
to reach, to
reach and equal in value, arrive (said of a moment
in time), to be sufficient,
to find, to conquer a country, a city, to defeat an
enemy, to be victorious, to
capture an enemy, to arrest a fugitive, a criminal,
to surprise (in the act),
to seize (said of diseases, evil spirits,
misfortunes, etc.), to obtain a wish,
knowledge, good health, luck, a friend, to attain
old age, to win a case, to
obtain possession of objects, merchandise, etc., to
get hold of (in various
shades of meaning), to finish completely, to chase
away, pursue, to drive away,
drive into exile, to disinherit, to drive away evil
spirits, to remove sins,
etc., to drive (horses), to defeat an enemy, to
conquer, to raid, to make
prisoner, to seize, to send, to pertain to property,
to a right, etc., kašādu
journey,
trip, business trip, road,
path, highway, travel, venture, caravan, business
capital, military campaign,
expedition, raid, expeditionary force, army, corvée
work, service unit, times
(math term), ḫarrānu
journey,
to undertake a journey, ḫarrānu
joy,
ebiru, elșu, ḫabṣūtu, ḫadḫtu, ḫašāšu,
ḫidâtu, ḫudātu, ḫudūtu, išūtu, kadāšu
joy,
consent, ḫadû
joy, exclamation of joy, ḫidâtu, in ša
ḫidâti
joy,
happiness, ḫudû, ḫūdu
joy,
merry-making, ḫidūtu
joyful,
elșu
joyful
exclamation, ellēa ellēama
joyfully,
elṣiš
joyfully,
happily, adj., ḫadīš
jubilation,
elēlu
judicial
official of high status,
dātabara
judicial
official of high status,
dātu, in ša muḫḫi dātu
judge, to
act as a judge, dajānūtu
judge, to
judge, to render judgment,
to start a lawsuit, to start litigation, to be
judged, dânu
judge,
dajānu
judge,
status of a judge, dajānūtu
judgeship,
dā’inūtu
judgement,
decision, verdict,
punishment, legal practice, law, law article, case,
lawsuit, claim, court, dīnu
judicial,
a high judicial official, kiparu
jug, a metal
jug, kunaggu
jug, a small
earthen jug for storage,
ḫābû
jug, a small jug for ritual purposes,
garunnu
Jupiter,
a name of Jupiter,
ferocious, heroic, martial, dāpinu
just, in
good condition, favorable,
normal, regular, ordinary, prosperous, straight,
fair, correct, loose (said of
the bowels), išaru
just,
loyal, normal, honest,
legitimate, sound, regular, reliable, true, decent,
correct, firm (in place),
kīnu
just person,
kittu, in ša kitti
justice, an
outcry for justice, iutû
justice, justly, fidelity, loyalty, loyally,
normal state, truth, in truth,
truly, correct procedures, correctness, treaty,
duly, kittu
justice,
to obtain justice, mišarūtu
justice,
to provide justice,
dispatch, send, insure the correct performance of a
ritual, to make do the
right thing, thrive, to prosper, to inject an enema, clear up, to give birth easily, to
charge (an enemy), straighten
up, to go
straight toward, to thrive, to
prosper, to be or become all right, to move the
bowels, to proceed, to move
straight ahead, to cause to move along a straight or
correct course to prepare,
to proceed, march on, to put or keep in good order,
to set aright, to give
correct decisions, to advance against, to become
successful, to be put in
order, to be fitted out correctly, ešēru
justice,
correct behavior, correct
measure, truth, loyalty, stability, permanency,
kīnātu
just as,
accordingly, thus, appitti
K
kassibu, like the kassibu-plant, kassibānû
Kassite, kaššu
keel of a ship, backbone, spine, battering
ram part, eṣenṣēru
keep in
custody, in confinement, to
be kept away, to keep available, to keep someone
from doing something, hold
back a person, delay, to detain, to distrain, to
prevent, to hinder, to
withhold, refuse goods, merchandise, deliveries, to
keep, withhold a document,
a tablet, to deny a wish, a request, to withhold a
document, tablet, to deny a
wish, request, to withhold tribute, gifts, to stop,
detain, delay a boat, to
cut off, deny water for irrigation, to retain food,
urine, etc., to block progress,
a road, to check an animal, to reserve, to place at
someone’s disposal, to
finish, to bring to an end, to stop, interrupt doing
something, to come to an
end, to be finished, to cease to be delayed with
negation, to do something
without ceasing, without delay, immediately, to stop
repeatedly, to hold up, to
hold back, to cause to detain, to hinder, to stop,
to cause to stop, to be held
back, to be delayed (referring to persons), to be
confined, to be retained, to
be withheld (referring to objects), to be finished,
to be closed, to remain, to
stay, to cease, to stop, to linger behind, kalû
keep, to
pile up, to store,
karāmu
keeper, wine cellar keeper, kannu, in ša muḫḫi
kanni
kettle,
dūdu
kid, male
kid, gadû
kidney of an
animal, region of the
kidneys, small of the back, a constellation or fixed
star, gibbous moon, kalītu
kill, to kill,
*ḫadu, in ḫadumma
epēšu
kill, to kill a person or animal, murder,
execute, break a tablet,
defeat, fight, to smite, be killed, dâku
killed,
slain (said of persons,
animals and trees) diku
kiln,
adūgu, atūgu
kiln,
brazier, crucible, for metal and glass, kūru
kiln for lime
and bitumen, kīru
kiln,
furnace, smith, oven (of the
smith, potter, etc.), craftsman, armorer, engineer
(as a category of soldier)
kiškattû
kiln, hole
(of a kiln), bubble,
spring, eye, pebble, eye-shaped pebble (of precious
stone), wheel hub, net
interstice, īnu
kiln,
stove, brazier, a ritual
performed with the kinūnu
festival
during which the ritual is performed, month of the
festival, name of a demon,
kinūnu
kilt,
loincloth, adadu, anabu, ešû
kin,
blood money, blood, bloodshed,
slaying, damu
kin,
family, kimtu
kinship group,
clan, confederates,
clique, cohorts, crew, army, host, troops (of the
enemy), donkey caravan
of commerce, collegium, pack of dogs, illatu
kind act,
favor, complaisance,
mercy, to return an act of kindness, to wreak
vengeance, gimillu
kind act,
to perform a kind act, to
act so as to please, to be obliging, to come to an
agreement, to spare, save,
to make mutual concessions, gamālu
kindling wood,
ešše’u, giškibirru,
kibirru, kiskibirru
kindling
wood, reed or wood for
kindling, gibillu
kindly, to
treat a person kindly, to
honor a deity, to treat an object, a building, a
dead person with tender care,
to treat with honor, to be spoiled, kunnû
kindness,
damāqu
kindness,
divine kindness, gamālu
kindness,
good fortune, good luck,
damqu
king,
(Kassite word, janzi)
king, to
make somebody king, šarru
king, to
rule as king, to be king,
šarrūtu
king (usurper?),
ḫammāmu
king, usurper
king, rebel, ḫammā’u
knead, to
knead, to mold clay, ḫarāṣu
knee,
shin, calf of the leg,
leggings, a measure of length, support, part of a
lock, kimṣu
kneel, to
kneel in prayer or in
submission, to kneel down, to be in a kneeling
position, to have someone kneel
down, to squat, kamāsu
kneeler, one
who kneels, kāmisu
kneeling,
kamsu
knife, a
knife, arītu
knife, a
kind of knife, egataktu
knock down,
dapānu
knock over,
push, press, da’āpu
knot made for
magic purposes, knot
of a plant, contingent of soldiers, troop, team of
workmen or experts, rent
payment, payment in kind for services or taxes,
joint of the human or animal
body, a feature of the exta, anger, wrath,
structure, bond (of a mountain,
wall), mountain fastness, concentration, strength,
joint, node, section of a text
or region, possessions, treasures, stricture of the
alimentary canal,
obstruction in a canal, lump, meterorite?, clasp,
handle, an astronomical term,
kiṣru
knot, to knot,
net, ḫadālu
know, to know, edû
know, to know
something or somebody,
to be experienced, familiar with, versed in
something, to be aware of, to care
for something or somebody, to take cognizance of, to
be unfamiliar with, to be
unused to, to be unable to, to disregard, to
neglect, knowingly,
intentionally, unwittingly,
unconsciously, in a daze, to mark, to inform, to
make known, reveal, to
recognize, identify, to assign, to be recognized,
revealed, appointed, to
announce, proclaim, to make recognizable, to mark,
to assign, idû
know, to know,
understand, inform,
instruct, prescribe, to be understood, to be
recognizable (said of stars) ḫakāmu
knowledge,
edūtu
knowledge,
hidden knowledge, secret,
kitimtu
knowledge,
instruction, precepts, iḫzu
knowledge,
technical lore of a
craft, inu
L
labor pains,
ḫīlū
labor, to be
in labor, ḫâlu
lack,
need, needed materioals,
supplies, necessities, desirable, useful, beloved
object, ḫišiḫtu
lack,
scarcity, famine, need,
requirement, a disease, ḫušaḫḫu
lacking
strength or power, adj.,
kiššû, in la kiššû
lamb,
gūratu
lamb, female
lamb, kalūmtu
lamb/kid,
spring lamb/kid, adj., ḫurāpu
lambs, like
lambs, adv., kalūmiš
lamb, male
lamb, the young of an
animal, kalūmu
lame,
limping, ḫuzzû
lame, paralyzed, crippled, kubbulu
lame, to be
lame, to make immobile,
to hinder movements, to be paralyzed, kabālu
lame, to be
lame, to limp, ḫuzzû
lame, to lame, to paralyze, immobilize, to
become heavy of movement, eṣēlu
lameness,
weakness, adj., ḫubbudu
lament, a
lament, irarazakku,
irkatardudû, irkitušakku, irnamtaggadû,
irsaḫarḫubbakku, irsipittu
lament, a
lament, irsizkurakku,
iršabadari
lament to the
accompaniment of a flute,
irgididakku, irgigidakku
lamentation
chief, chief of the
lamentation priests, chief singer of dirges in
the temple, kalamāḫu
lamentation-priest,
kalû
lamentaion-priests
college, craft of
the kalû,
corpus of texts used by the
kalû,
kalûtu
lamentation
prayer, iršannišakku
lamp-bowl,
bowl usable as a lamp-bowl,
ḫubunnu
lance,
azamrūtu, esmarû
lance, a
lance, kutāḫu
lance, a kind
of lance or spear, imittu
lancer,
lance bearer, aštabarru
lancet or
scalpel of a physician,
karzillu
land,
area, field, region, terrain,
eqlu
land a boat,
lean, to lean against,
to reach, to cling to, to come in contact, to stand
nearby, take cover, refuge,
to place a lean upon or against something, to load,
to impose taxes, fines, to
inflict diseases, to assign, accuse, support, to
join, unite, mix, add up, to
be joined together, meet, emēdu
land, a kind
of land, kubsāti
land, barren,
fallow land, kikallû
land drained
by ditches, kaslu
land, fallow
land, karapḫu
land, hostile land, kibalû
land, inarable land, apītu
land, plot of land, ašlu, irmû
land, plot of
land surrounded by a dike, dike,
iku
landholding,
a type of landholding,
imertu
larder,
storehouse, ḫuršu
large,
plump, thick,
fat, fattened, kabru
larva, insect
larva, ḫarsapnu
lash,
halter, dirratu
last, to last,
to be secure (said of
a foundation), a rule, a position, to remain
stationary (said of planets), to
be firm in place, endure, to remain in effect, to be
loyal, honest, reliable,
correct, to be well disciplined, to remain
quantitatively constant, to place an
object correctly or in a specific place (said of
ritual and votive objects, of
tablets, food, and other objects), to set up a
stela, a boundary stone, an
inscription, an image, to place parts of a
construction in correct position, to
establish the foundation of a building, to erect a
wall, a building, a city, to
lay out a watercourse, a boundary, to impose
tribute, a fine, to levy taxes, to
establish regular deliveries and offerings, etc., to
establish laws, regulations,
rituals, fame, to organize, to put in order, to
assign a person to a position,
an office, to grant, assign good fortune a calamity,
etc., to assign fields,
houses, staples, etc., to maintain and preserve the
rule, the life of a person,
the safety of an object, the permanence of a city,
etc., to testify, to make a
statement as a witness, to act as a witness, to
establish as true by means of
witnesses, to confirm, to certify, to establish (in
math and astronomy), to be
confirmed, kânu
lasting,
to last long, arāku
lasting,
durable, enduring,
everlasting, perpetual, dārû
last year,
iššaddagdiš
late? Aplu
late
afternoon, late afternoon meal,
kinsigu
late part (of
the year), later time,
replacement, behind, (as a prep. or adv), rear part
(of objects, parts of the
body, buildings, etc.), back of the head, backside (of human beings and animals), nape
of the neck, in idiomatic
expressions, kutallu
late, to
be late, ahāru
late, to be
late, tarry, kâšu
later,
aharrû,
later,
adj., or adv., ḫawir
later child,
person born later,
future, following, sequel, second place or rank,
rear, arkītu
later,
future, second, lower in
rank, back, rear, guarantor, arkû
later on,
afterward, arkāniš, arkānu
lawsuit,
legal case, agreement,
matter, rumor, report, word, talk, gossip, dibbu
lawsuit, to start a lawsuit, to be hostile, to
open up hostilities, to make
war, to quarrel, gerû
law, law
article, case, lawsuit,
claim, court, judgement, decision, verdict,
punishment, legal practice, dīnu
lawless,
evil person, evil, said of demons,
adj., ḫabbilu
lawlessness,
bad luck, evil,
damiqtu, in la damiqti
lawlessness,
oppression, ḫabālu
lawlessness,
violence, damage caused
by illegal action, *ḫabaltu
lawsuit,
to start a lawsuit, judge,
to judge, to render judgment, to start litigation,
to be judged, dânu
lawsuit,
present a lawsuit, amatu
lay across,
to make a pavement, to
block, dam a river, kesēru
lay hand on,
ḫarû
lay a
foundation, to put an object
in place, to
set, to set up, to
throw, cast, etc., karāru
lay a hand on,
to reach forth, qātu
lay out, to
lay out a watercourse, a
boundary, to erect a wall, a building, a city, to establish the foundation of a
building, to establish regular
deliveries and offerings, etc., to establish laws,
regulations, rituals, fame,
to set up a stela, a boundary stone, an inscription,
an image, to
establish (in math and astronomy),
reliable, be loyal, to be well disciplined, correct, to place an object correctly or in a
specific place (said of
ritual and votive objects, of tablets, food, and
other objects), to place parts
of a construction in correct position, honest,
endure, to remain in effect, to
last, to be secure (said of a foundation), a rule, a
position, to remain
stationary (said of planets), to be firm in place,
to remain quantitatively
constant, to impose tribute, a fine, to levy taxes,
to organize, to put in
order, to assign a person to a position, an office,
to grant, assign good
fortune a calamity, etc., to assign fields, houses,
staples, etc., to maintain
and preserve the rule, the life of a person, the
safety of an object, the
permanence of a city, etc., to testify, to make a
statement as a witness, to
act as a witness, to establish as true by means of
witnesses, to confirm, to
certify, to be confirmed, kânu
lead,
(ore) abāru
lead, a
special shaped piece of lead or
leaden object, ḫumirtu
lead, to
rule, to steer a boat,
bring people/animals, guide, to have brought, send,
guide safely, arû
lead
(animal), first, foremost, high
ranking, vanguard, leader, ašaridu
leader,
adû, gešṭû, igisṭû
leader,
foremost, first, lead
(animal), high ranking, vanguard, ašaridu
leader,
superior, a member of a
class of workers, ālik pani
leadership,
ālik-panûtu
leadership of
the army, ālikūt mahri
leadership
(in battle), prowess,
highest rank, ašaridūtu
leadership,
to exercise leadership,
mu’irrūtu
leading ox,
ox driver, ox used for
plowing, kullizu
leaky,
adj., gurruru
lean,
powerless, weak, enšu
lean, to
lean against, to reach, to
cling to, to come in contact, to stand nearby, to
land (a boat), take cover,
refuge, to place lean upon or against something, to
load, to impose taxes,
fines, to inflict diseases, to assign, accuse,
support, to join, unite, mix,
add up, to be joined together, meet, emēdu
learn, to
find out, qātu
leash?
reins, appatu
leather and
leather objects
(qualifying), coming from Ḫamban, adj., ḫambanû
leather bag,
ḫimtu, kunzu
leather bag
and cover, gusānu
leather bag,
container, īlu
leather bag
for stone weights and for a
merchant’s silver, capital (kept in a bag, to
be used for business
transactions), silver kept in a bag for deposit
banking, treasury, kīsu
leather
bearing (of a pivot stone),
eau
leather belt,
a type of leather belt,
ḫuzītu
leather
bottle, gūdu
leather
container, kabkūru
leather
hauberk, kūrapānu
leather
object, anuššu, dabiru, *ḫimītu,
ḫulūlu, išḫu, kapilu
leather or
wood object, kiškittu
leather part
of the plow, female
dog, bitch, kalbatu
leather sack,
kursinnu
leather strap,
ḫalīṣu
leather
strap, of leather or metal,
kurussu
leatherworker,
aškāpu
leatherworker,
craft of, aškāpūtu
leave,
leave behind, to leave to
posterity, to leave a token remnant of land, desert,
to abandon, to neglect,
disregard, to leave something with or to a person,
to entrust, to reserve, set
aside, to lend money, to bequeath, to divorce, to
make out a legal document, to
spare, leave out, to save, to be saved, to leave one
another, ezēbu
leaves, green
leaves, foilage, ḫasḫallatu
leech,
ilqu
leek, a
large variety of leek,
giršānu
leek, a
stone, karašu
left hand, an
euphemism for the left
hand, double pot, grave matter, important,
main body of an army, kabittu
leftovers,
linseed residue (after
pressing), wax, kupsu
leg of
furniture, kablu
leggings,
part of shoe, kaballu
lower leg of
animals and human beings,
fetlock, kursinnu
leg, lower leg part, of
the
lower leg of a quadruped, *gudgudu
legacy,
jāritūtu
legacy,
to accept a legacy, jaritūtu
legal case,
lawsuit, agreement,
matter, rumor, report, word, talk, gossip, dibbu
leggings,
measure of length, shin,
support, calf of the leg, knee, part of a lock,
kimṣu
legitimate,
established, installed,
loyal, adj., kunnu
legitimate,
loud, steady, urgent,
pressing, powerful, mighty, essential, dangerous,
difficult, great, grave,
fortified, fierce, binding, heavy, hard, solid,
strong, thick,
massive, reliable, savage, serious, obstinate,
bad, tyrannical, harsh, imperative, dannu
legitimate,
sound, regular,
reliable, true, just, honest, decent, loyal,
correct, normal, firm (in place),
kīnu
legging maker,
ēpiš kapalli
lend, to
lend money, to save, to be
saved, set aside, to reserve, leave, to leave
behind, to leave to posterity,
leave a token remnant of land, desert, to abandon,
to neglect, disregard, to
leave something with or to a person, to entrust,
bequeath, divorce, to make out
a legal document, to spare, leave out, to leave one
another, ezēbu
length,
ariktu
lentil, a
single lentil, kakkūtu
lentil or
small bean, kakkû
leper,
garbānu, gurābu
leper,
garābu, in ša garābi
lepers office,
office of the person
in charge of lepers, garbānūtu
leprosy,
epqu
leprosy, scab, garābu
leprous,
adj., garbu
leprous,
adj., (occasionally only as
a personal name), garūbu
leprous
person, adj., garṣu
lethargic,
massive,
fat, to become heavy, rich, to become
difficult, bothersome, to become painful, to become
important, honored, to
hatch (said of a bird), to honor a person, to show
respect, to give honor, to
pay respect to gods, to parents, to respect an oath,
to aggravate, make
difficult, etc., to extinguish a fire, to be
honored, to underline the
importance of, to make heavy, kabātu
let me go!,
interj., gādē
let us!,
interj., i
letter,
imumunedukku
letter,
sealed clay tablet (legal or
administrative document, also a letter),
vertebra, cylinder seal, seal
impression produced by a cylinder seal, kunukku
letter,
tablet, egirtu
lettuce,
ḫassu
lettuce,
a variety, of lettuce,
guzāzu
levy of a
group, marching into
battle, work, summoned corvee work, dikûtu
levy, to levy
taxes, to lay out a
watercourse, a boundary, to erect a wall, a
building, a city, to
establish the foundation of a
building, to establish regular deliveries and
offerings, etc., to establish
laws, regulations, rituals, fame, to set up a stela,
a boundary stone, an
inscription, an image,
to establish (in
math and astronomy), reliable, be loyal, to be well
disciplined, correct, to place
an object correctly or in a
specific place (said of ritual and votive objects,
of tablets, food, and other
objects), to place parts of a construction in
correct position, honest, endure,
to remain in effect, to last, to be secure (said of
a foundation), a rule, a position,
to remain stationary (said of planets), to be firm
in place, to remain
quantitatively constant, to impose tribute, a fine,
to organize, to put in
order, to assign a person to a position, an office,
to grant, assign good
fortune a calamity, etc., to assign fields, houses,
staples, etc., to maintain
and preserve the rule, the life of a person, the
safety of an object, the
permanence of a city, etc., to testify, to make a
statement as a witness, to
act as a witness, to establish as true by means of
witnesses, to confirm, to
certify, to be confirmed, kânu
lewd person,
ganzazû
liar,
exaggerator, atartu, in ša
atrāti
liability,
obligation, e’iltu
libation jar,
a small container of metal, glass, or clay
serving as drinking
flask, alabastron, and libation jar, kukkubu
library,
girginakku
lice, person
affected by lice,
kalmatu, in ša kalmati
lid,
cover (for a kettle or oven),
katammu
lie,
kamami, kazbūtu
lie, to lie,
kazābu
lie down, to
lie down, itūlu
lightning
stroke, izišubbû
like,
prep., kīka
like, in
the manner of, as,
according to, corresponding to, instead of, in lieu
of, prep., kīma
like, to
need, require, desire, to
be brought to want, to be wanting, deprive, to take
away, ḫašāḫu
like that,
kīašu
likewise,
similarly, akannama,
kannama, ammûri
limit,
boundary, acquisition,
assets, kišdu
limping,
lame, ḫuzzû
limp, to limp, to be lame, ḫuzzû
lineage,
family, wood shavings,
trunk of a tree, stem of a horn, stump in exta,
kisittu
linen (as
material), linen towel?,
kitinnû
linen-clad
(designation of certain
priests and persons admitted to the sanctuary),
gadalallalû
linen cover,
kadilû
linen fabric,
a piece of linen fabric, kibsu, kīpu
linen
headgear, a piece of linen headgear for
soldiers, karballatu
linen (thread
and fabric), flax,
kitû
linen towel?,
linen (as material),
kitinnû
linen,
official in charge of linen,
kitû, in rabi kita’āti
linen or wool
blanket or wrap, ḫullānu,
ḫulīlū
linen weaver,
išpar kitê
linen wrap
(in cultic use), linen
curtain in the temple, gadalû
linger behind,
to be finished,
settled, terminated, whole, complete, full, gamru
finished, retain food, urine, etc., to be retained,
cut off, to deny a wish, a
request, deny water for irrigation, delay, delay a
boat, to detain, hold back a
person, to keep in custody, in confinement, to
distrain, to prevent, to hinder,
to withhold, refuse goods, merchandise, deliveries,
to keep, withhold a
document, a tablet, to withhold a document, tablet,
to deny a wish, request, to
withhold tribute, gifts, to stop, detain, to block
progress, a road, to check
an animal, to reserve, to place at someone’s
disposal, to keep available, to
finish, to bring to an end, to stop, interrupt doing
something, to come to an
end, to be finished, to cease to be delayed with
negation, to do something
without ceasing, without delay, immediately, to stop
repeatedly, to hold up, to
hold back, to cause to detain, to keep someone from
doing something, to hinder,
to stop, to cause to stop, to hold back, to be held
back, to be delayed
(referring to persons), to be confined, to be
withheld (referring to objects),
to be closed, to remain, to stay, to be kept away,
to cease, to stop, kalû
linked,
joined, girt, braided, kiṣṣuru
links,
foot fetters, kurṣû
linseed
residue (after pressing),
wax, leftovers, kupsu
linteled,
veiled, kullulu
lion,
girru
liquids container, kūbu
liquify,
to become liquid, dissolve,
to exude (a liquid), ḫâlu
list,
imampadû, imgarrû, imgipû,
imigidû, imšugubbû, imzidû
list, tablet, ridge wall, contingent of
soldiers, stricture as a
disease, congestion, kiṣirtu
list, the
region of the eyebrow, the
eyelid and the eyelashes, arm, armrest, hand, side
part of a horse bit, frond,
lobe of the lung, plumage, quill, wing, kappu
listen, to
listen to somebody, to refer
to something/somebody, to be mindful
of, remember, to be mindul of something, care for,
to think of a person (said
of gods and kings = to care for, to be pious, diety,
to think of a deity = to
heed a diety, to think of a person (said of gods and
kings = to care for, to
mention, to be intelligent, understanding, to plan,
to remind, to study,
investigate, to worry, to give information, to pay
attention, to be concerned,
worried, ḫasāsu
literary
composition, tablet, kammu
literary
composition, type of
tablet, asarru,
litigate,
to recite, relate, talk,
to tell, speak, come to agreement, negotiate, plead,
complain, dabābu
litigate,
to start litigation,
lawsuit, to start a lawsuit, to judge, to render
judgment, to be judged, dânu
litigant,
adversary in court,
amatu, in
bēl amati
litter of
leaves, reeds, etc., ḫamū
little,
small, too small, few,
complete, as is, īṣu
live, to
reside, stay somewhere, sit
down, wait, sit idly, mourn, officiate (of kings,
etc.), populated, ašābu
liver,
gabidu
liver?
emotions, inside of the body, thoughts, mind,
spirit, kabattu
liver, liver model, amūtu
liver, a part
of the liver,
threshing board, pedestal, socle, footstool,
kilzappu
living
quarters or storage room or
building, ganūnu
lizard,
induḫallatu
lizard, a
lizard, (lit. “snake’s
bride”), kallat ṣēri
lizard or
a snake, ḫulmittu
load,
gunnu
load,
land a boat, lean, to lean
against, to reach, to cling to, to come in contact,
to stand nearby, take
cover, refuge, to place a lean upon or against
something, to impose taxes,
fines, to inflict diseases, to assign, accuse,
support, to join, unite, mix,
add up, to be joined together, meet, emēdu
loam pit,
esû
loan, a type
of loan, ḫubuttatu, ḫubuttu,
ḫubuttutu
loan, of a special type, ebuṭṭu
loans, to make long term loans, šiddu
lobe of the
lung, plumage, quill,
wing, frond, arm, hand, list, side part of a horse
bit, armrest, the region of
the eyebrow, the eyelid and the eyelashes, kappu
locality
characterized by pits or
cavities, ḫudādu
lock, to lock, edēlu
lock, a part
of a lock, log,
barricade, gišru, ḫandūḫu
lock, a part
of a lock, leggings, measure
of length, shin, support, calf of the leg, knee,
kimṣu
locked,
imprisoned, edlu
locked up,
constipated, eslu
lock,
muzzle, ḫargullu
lock of hair,
fleece, wad ore tuft
of wool, garment made of a fleecy textile, lump of
earth, itqu
lock of hair,
curl,
kizirtu
locust,
erbu
locust, a
large migratory locust,
kallabuttu
locust, a
locust, ḫilammu, irgilu,
irgiṣu
locust,
dust locust (a kind of
locust), erib turbu’ti
locust,
lepra-covered (kind of
locust), erib garābi
locust-like,
erebiš
lodger,
temporary resident, emmedu
lodging,
išpatalu
log, a log,
a decoration, a part of
the body, kiplu
log,
beam, gušūru
log, part
of a lock, barricade,
gišru
log,
thick piece of reed, a plant,
kūru
loincloth,
aparu, iltepītu
loincloth,
a type of loincloth or
girdle, enû
loincloth,
or kilt, ešû
lone person,
aloneness, isolated,
unattached, ēdēnu
long,
tall, arku, arraku
look,
glance, imratu
lord,
prince, etellu
lord,
ruler, high priest, high
priestess, ēnu
lore,
technical lore of a craft,
knowledge, inu
lordship,
authority, etellūtu
lordship,
office of the high
priestess, ēnūtu
lookout of
fowler, amar usandî
look, to look
to, look after, ana/ina
muhhi
look, to look
at, look on with
indifference, own, to take aim, to wait for, to
attend to, belong to,
dagālu
looking
(life-like, said of the eyes
of statues), dāgilu
looking,
onlooker, dāgilu
loom utinsel, donkey goad, akaju
loom part,
esû, ḫabbiru
loom part,
goad of the donkey
driver, kajû
loom part of
wood, asû
loop,
hoop, tendril, circle,
circumference of a circle, circumference, totality,
kippatu
loop,
loop-like formation on the
exta, snare, calamity, kippu
loose (said
of the bowels), correct,
fair, just, in good condition, favorable, normal,
regular, ordinary,
prosperous, straight,
išaru
looseness,
detachment of soldiers,
aliktu
loot,
prisoner of war, robbery,
booty, captive, ḫubtu
lordly,
in a lordly way, proudly,
adv., etelliš
loss,
ḫalqūtu
loss,
damage, ḫiṭītu
loss,
deficit, imbû
loss,
lost object, ḫulqu
loss, to
cause a loss, to cause
losses, perish, to become missing or lost, vanish,
to disappear, to escape, to flee, to
make disappear, to help escape,
to destroy, ḫalāqu
lost
merchandise, commercial losses,
ḫuluqqû
lost object,
loss, ḫulqu
lost object,
missing animal or
person, ruined field, ḫalqu
lost thing,
loss, ḫaliqtu
lost, to
become lost or missing,
vanish, to disappear,
perish, to
escape, to flee, to make disappear, cause a loss, to
help escape, to cause
losses, to destroy, ḫalāqu
lot,
portion, ešqu
lot,
portion, share (a portion of
land, property, or booty, income from a secular or a
temple office, assigned by
lot, lot, fortune, power, special qualification,
emblem, isqu
lot or device
to determine a selection,
kipputtātu
lotion,
to apply medicinal lotion,
marhașu
loud,
steady, urgent, pressing,
powerful, mighty, essential, dangerous, difficult,
great, grave, fortified,
fierce, binding, heavy, hard, solid, strong,
thick, massive, legitimate, reliable, savage,
serious, obstinate, bad,
tyrannical, harsh, imperative, dannu
loudly,
outwardly, on high, on top,
up, upward, upstream, in excess, in addition, eliš
louse (on
animals, plants, and human
beings), parasite, kalmatu
louse, person
affected by lice,
kalmatu, in ša kalmati
love,
conjugal love, status of a
woman living in a household other than her father’s, status of a daughter-in-law, kallūtu
love, to make
love, to be merry, to
shine, to make brilliant, to copulate, ḫelû
loved one,
favorite, ir’emu
lover,
ḫabbūbu
lover,
husband, išḫû
lover,
husband of a ḫīrtu-wife, ḫā’iru
lover, (male),
ḫarmu
love-making,
object of love,
darling, favorite, dādu
love, to love,
ḫâbu
love, to
make love, ru’āmu, ulșu
low status,
person of low status,
dunnamā-amēlu, dunnamû
low, to be
low or short, to submit
oneself?, to suffer physical collapse, to descend to
the horizon (in astrology),
katātu
low, to low, to chirp, hum, to murmur (said of
water), ḫabābu
low, to low
or the like, ḫatû
lower in rank,
second, rear, back,
guarantor, future, later, arkû
lower social
order member, of one of
the lower social orders, ḫupšu
lowly person,
ašpaitu, *atu’u
loyal,
legitimate, established,
installed, adj., kunnu
loyal,
normal, legitimate, sound,
regular, reliable, true, just, honest, decent,
correct, firm (in place), kīnu
loyal, to be
loyal, to be well
disciplined, correct, to place
an
object correctly or in a specific place (said of
ritual and votive objects, of
tablets, food, and other objects), to place parts of
a construction in correct
position, honest, endure, to remain in effect, to
last, to be secure (said of a
foundation), a rule, a position, to remain
stationary (said of planets), to be
firm in place, reliable, to remain quantitatively
constant, to set up a stela,
a boundary stone, an inscription, an image, to
establish the foundation of a
building, to erect a wall, a building, a city, to
lay out a watercourse, a
boundary, to impose tribute, a fine, to levy taxes,
to establish regular
deliveries and offerings, etc., to establish laws,
regulations, rituals, fame,
to organize, to put in order, to assign a person to
a position, an office, to
grant, assign good fortune a calamity, etc., to
assign fields, houses, staples,
etc., to maintain and preserve the rule, the life of
a person, the safety of an
object, the permanence of a city, etc., to testify,
to make a statement as a
witness, to act as a witness, to establish as true
by means of witnesses, to
confirm, to certify, to establish (in math and
astronomy), to be confirmed,
kânu
loyally,
in due form, correctly,
according to expectation, duly, truthfully,
steadily, firmly, kīniš
loyalty,
correct measure, correct
behavior, justice, truth, stability, permanency,
kīnātu
loyalty,
loyally, normal state,
truth, in truth, truly, justice, justly, correct
procedures, fidelity,
correctness, treaty, duly, kittu
loyalty,
reliability, kīnūtu
luck, bad
luck, evil, damiqtu, in la
damiqti
luck,
good fortune, image of a
deity, spirit of a deceased child, evil
spirit, demon, deity, god, the god, protective deity
(daimon), a pair of gods,
ilu
luck,
good luck, good fortune,
kindness, damqu
luck,
goodness, good relations, good
news, good luck, fame, favor, good will,
recommendation, damiqtu
luckless
person, ilu, in bēl ili
lucky,
propitious, to prosper, to
improve, to have good luck, fortune, to be pleasing,
embellish, be gracious, do
a favor, treat kindly, do good deeds, execute
efficiently, provide propitious
omens, damāqu
lumber, a
piece of lumber, (Hurrian
word, iwaru)
lumber, wooded area, wood, aromatic wood,
wooden implements, timber, tree, , firewood,
iṣu
luminous
phenomenon, ḫusû, kurkurru
lump,
ḫumbiṣtu, kirinnu
lump,
foundation, depth, bedrock,
firm ground, force, fort, fortified house and area,
severity, strength
(physical), power, violence, dunnu
lump,
hair, tuft of hair, etqu
lump,
obstruction in a canal,
treasures, stricture of the alimentary canal,
possessions, section of a text or
region, structure, mountain fastness, bond (of a
mountain, wall), anger,
feature of the exta, joint of the human or animal
body, payment in kind for
services or taxes, rent payment, team of workmen or
experts, troop, contingent
of soldiers, knot made for magic purposes, wrath,
concentration, strength,
joint, node, knot of a plant, meterorite?, clasp,
handle, an astronomical term,
kiṣru
lump of earth,
garment made of a
fleecy textile, wool, a wad ore tuft of wool, lock
of hair, fleece, itqu
lump of earth
or metal, rich
tribute, kubtu
lump of metal
or earth, rich
tribute, kubtu
lump of salt,
stone, metal or slag,
clod of earth, a medicinal plant, kirbānu
lump, shaped
like a lump of clay,
kirinnû
lump-shaped,
in a block, compressed?,
compacted? kupputu
lumpy?
thick? *ḫubbiṣu
lung, a part
of a lung, a
mechanical device, homer, donkey,
male donkey, a bird, imēru
lungs of an
animal, ḫašūtu
lungs
(human and animal), belly,
entrails, ḫašû
lustrous,
shining, trustworthy,
proper, pure (religiously), polished, clean, holy,
ebbu
luxuriance,
charm, attractiveness,
abundance, vigor, kuzbu
luxuriant,
adj., kazbu
luxuriant,
adj., abundant,
ḫabṣu, innabu
luxuriant (in
the physiological
sense), adj., ḫanbu
luxuriant,
full of charm, kuzzubu
lynx,
azaru
lyre,
kinnāru
lyre, a lyre,
ḫarḫadû
M
mace,
a mace, gišḫaššu, ḫutpalû
magic,
binding magic, kasītu
magic binding?
kisâtu
magic circle,
model, plan of a
building, archetype, gišḫuru
magic formula
incantation, ḫaltib,
in ḫaltib ḫaltib
magic formula
incantation, ḫatib, in
ḫatib ḫatib
magic formula
incantation, ḫubba, in
ḫubba ḫubba
magic formula
incantation, ḫulqi, in
ḫulqi ḫulqi
magic, knot
made for magic purposes,
team of workmen or experts, astronomical term,
clasp, knot of a plant,
contingent of soldiers, troop, rent payment, payment
in kind for services or
taxes, joint of the human or animal body, a feature
of the exta, anger, wrath,
structure, bond (of a mountain, wall), mountain
fastness, concentration,
strength, joint, node, section of a text or region,
possessions, treasures,
stricture of the alimentary canal, obstruction in a
canal, lump, meterorite?,
handle, kiṣru
magic, plant used in magic, anḫullu
magic throat
cutting (to perform),
zikurudû
magistrate,
chief magistrate of a
town, quarter of a large city, village or large
estate, mayor, burgomaster,
headman, ḫazannu
mail,
armor, coat of mail, apluḫtu
maintain,
to maintain and preserve the rule, the
life of a person, the safety
of an object, the permanence of a city, etc., to
organize, to put in order, to
place parts of a construction in correct position,
to be firm in place, to
assign a person to a position, an office, assign
good fortune a calamity, etc.,
to assign fields, houses, staples, etc., to levy
taxes, to lay out a
watercourse, a boundary, to erect a wall, a
building, a city, to
establish the foundation of a
building, to establish regular deliveries and
offerings, etc., to establish
laws, regulations, rituals, fame, to set up a stela,
a boundary stone, an
inscription, an image,
to establish (in
math and astronomy), reliable, be loyal, to be well
disciplined, correct, to place
an object correctly or in a
specific place (said of ritual and votive objects,
of tablets, food, and other
objects), honest, endure, to remain in effect, to
last, to be secure (said of a
foundation), a rule, a position, to remain
stationary (said of planets), to
remain quantitatively constant, to impose tribute, a
fine, to organize, to put
in order, to grant, to testify, to make a statement
as a witness, to act as a
witness, to establish as true by means of witnesses,
to confirm, to certify, to
be confirmed, kânu
majesty,
kabtūtu
majesty?
Power? Adû make-up,
paint, ebirtu
maker of ḫašēru-objects, (Hurrian word)
ḫašēruhuli
making
decisions, etc., final,
effective, complete, gāmiru
malefactor,
ḫīṭu, in bēl ḫīṭi
malformed
newborn human or animal,
izbu
maligner,
denouncer, ākil karsi
malt, a malt
preparation as the
basic ingredient for beer brewing and for food when
traveling, travel
provisions, working and raw materials and pertinent
utensils used in connection
with brewing and for other purposes, isimmānu
mammal, a
mammal, gāridu
man, a
young man, ajaru
man
(describing a man), adj., gardu
man, old man,
kibrû
manacle,
illurtu
man-eating,
ākilu
manhood,
manliness, status of an eṭlu,
eṭlūtu
mankind,
abrātu, epâti,
mankind
(literally noisemaker), ḫābibu
mankind,
a word for mankind, atmû rēŝētu
mankind,
the human species, human
being, people, somebody, anybody, amīlūtu
manliness,
manhood, status of an eṭlu,
eṭlūtu
manliness,
virility, dūtu
manly,
adv., eṭliš
man’s class
or type, a class or type
of man, gudilû
mantis
grasshopper, adudillu
manufacture,
evil magic, crew,
construction, agricultural work, handywork, tillage,
act, ritual, epištu
manufacture, to practice witchcraft, treat person or
thing, build, construct,
perform a divination, a ritual, to plant, to
cultivate, permit (said of gods),
to proceed, act, to act, be active, is, happens,
epēšu
mattock,
primitive tool for breaking
up the soil, alsudilû
marching into
battle, work, summoned
corvee work, levy of a group, dikûtu
march, to
march on, to charge (an
enemy), to move straight ahead, to
inject an enema, to move the bowels, to put or keep
in good order, to be put in
order, to advance against, to become successful,
proceed, to be fitted out
correctly, to provide justice, dispatch, send,
insure the correct performance
of a ritual, to make, do the right thing, thrive, to
prosper, clear
up, to give birth easily,
straighten up, to
go straight toward, to
thrive, to prosper, to be or become all right, to
proceed, to cause to move
along a straight or correct course, to prepare, to
set aright, to give correct
decisions, ešēru
march,
military campaign, path,
road, journey, caravan, business trip, expeditionary
force, travel provisions,
girru
mare,
she-ass, donkey mare, atānu
mark,
isiqtu
mark,
mole, a red berry, erimu
mark on liver,
didisû
mark on
silver indicating its quality,
ginnu
mark on skin,
skin discoloration,
ibāru
mark or
mole, a fungus, katarru
mark,
sign, feature, characteristic,
diagram, omen, ominous, sign, password,, signal,
insideinformaiton, notice,
acknowledgment, written proof, ittu
mark, to mark,
in a daze,
intentionally, neglect, to disregard, to be unable
to, to be unused to, (with
negation) to be unfamiliar with, to take cognizance
of, to care for something
or somebody, to be aware of, versed in something,
familiar with, to be
experienced, to know something or somebody, (with
negation) to be unfamiliar
with, to be unused to, knowingly, unwittingly,
unconsciously, to inform, to
make known, reveal, to recognize, identify, to
assign, to be recognized,
revealed, appointed, to announce, proclaim, to make
recognizable, to mark, to
assign, idû
market value,
kargullu
marriage (lit. becoming a son-in-law), ḫatnūtu
marriage,
person taking a woman in
marriage, bridegroom, āḫizānu
marriage
festival, ḫašādu
marriage gift,
aḫūzatu, aḫuzzatu
marry, to
marry, to make a woman a
lawful wife, aššatu
marsh,
agammu, išiktu
marsh,
lagoon of reeds, reed bed,
appāru
marshall
forces, muster, to
organize, provide food rations, check, control,
instruct, be mustered, ašāru
marten,
kāṣiru
martial,
warlike, adj. dappānu
martial,
Jupiter, a name of Jupiter,
ferocious, heroic, dāpinu
mash, a kind
of mash, idītu
mash?,
sherds, wood shavings, ḫupû
mass,
gipištu
mass,
expanse, might, a deformation
of part of the exta-orum, entrails, such as heart,
liver, lungs, gipšu
mass,
thickness, diameter, kubru
mass of water,
gupšu
massacre,
kilullû
massed bulk,
gipšūtu
massive,
fat, to become heavy, rich,
lethargic, to become difficult, bothersome, to
become painful, to become
important, honored, to hatch (said of a bird), to
honor a person, to show
respect, to give honor, to pay respect to gods, to
parents, to respect an oath,
to aggravate, make difficult, etc., to extinguish a
fire, to be honored, to
underline the importance of, to make heavy, kabātu
massive,
legitimate, loud, steady,
urgent, pressing, powerful, mighty, essential,
dangerous, difficult, great,
grave, fortified, fierce, binding, heavy, hard,
solid, strong,
thick, reliable, savage, serious, obstinate,
bad, tyrannical, harsh, imperative, dannu
massive,
solid, to make massive, to
solidify, to become solid, epēqu
massive,
strong, eŝqu
massiveness,
epiqtu
massive,
to be huge, gapāšu
mash, a
kind of mash, alūtu
master, to
master, to hold away, to
exact services for a debt or fine, to be made to
serve for a debt, kašāšu
master, head
of the family, ḫammu
mat, a reed
mat, ḫurdu
mat, a short reed mat, kūru
mat,
cover, veil, kutummu
mate, to
select, pick and take as a
mate for oneself or another, ḫâru
material
(metal, wool) weighed and
delivered, ḫaṭu
materials or
supplies for workmen,
work assigned to be performed, finished products,
staples or materials to be delivered,
a kind of tax, field on which i-work
is to be performed, iškaru
math term,
coefficient, igigubbû
math term,
fraction, proportion,
igitennu
math term,
reciprocal of the number
called igû,
igibû
math term,
reciprocal, igû
mating,
gārišu
matting (of
date palm fiber or reeds),
fence, ipšu
matted (said of wool), adj., ḫabšu
matter,
rumor, report, word, talk,
gossip, legal
case, lawsuit, agreement,
dibbu
mature,
to become mature, adult, eṭēlut
mayor,
chief magistrate of a town,
quarter of a large city, village or large estate,
burgomaster, headman, ḫazannu
mayor, office of mayor, ḫazannūtu
mayor, to be a mayor, ḫazannūtu
me, for me,
to me, pers. Pron. Dat.,
jâši
me, to me,
pers. Pron., Acc., Gen.,
Dat., jâti
meadow,
igāru
meadow, part of a private house, residence
of
the enu-priest
or entu-priestess,
pasture, taboo, gipāru
meal, evening
meal, one who is present
at the distribution of the evening meal,
kinsigubbû
meal, late afternoon meal, late afternoon,
kinsigu
meanwhile,
until then, adišu
measure,
a measure, gamatu, gurru
measure,
a field of measure,
one-tenth of a homer, seeder plow, epinnu
measure,
a measure, rope, tow rope,
surveyor’s measuring rope, ašlu
measure,
a measure, bone, frame of
the body, eṣemtu
measure, a
measure, one fourth of the naruqqu,
an earthen container, pot,
karpatu
measure, of a
surface measure,
kumānu
measure, a
surface measure,
subdivision of the awiharu, ḫararnu
measure,
a surface measure, rope, eblu
measure, a
surface measure, reed
mat, kītu
measure,
correct measure, correct behavior,
justice, truth, loyalty, stability, permanency,
kīnātu
measure, cup
as a capacity measure,
cup, goblet, kāsu
measure,
exact (standard) measure,
exact copy,
block, track (of the
wheel), ḫirṣu
measure,
foot (as a measure of length), kabistu
measure of an
area, awiḫaru
measure of
capacity, ardabu
measure of
capacity, the amount of
barley in one such unit, kurru
measure of
length, shin, support,
calf of the leg, knee, leggings, part of a lock,
kimṣu
measure of
weight used for wool and goat
hair, kuduktu
measured?
*kabsu
measuring rod,
ginindanakku
measurement,
a unit of measurement,
the constellation Pegasus, ikû
meat, a cut
of meat, ḫabsurukku, ḫarmil,
ḫilidamu, ḫuldimmu, ḫurubbu
meat, a cut
of meat, apple tree,
apple, “apple Plant,” ḫašḫūru
meat, a cut
of meat used in offerings,
ḫakurratu
meat
preserved in a special way,
kirrētu
medical,
higher medical art,
azugallūtu
medical,
pharmaceutical preparation,
ḫibṣu
medical
practice, treatment, lore,
asûtu
medical,
to give a medical
treatment, asûtu
medical
treatment, to apply a
medical treatment, šammū
medication,
to apply medication by rubbing, kâru
medicinal
drug, aršuzuzil
medicinal
lotion, lotion, to apply
medicinal lotion, marhaṣu
medicinal
mineral, gugāru
medication
for snake bite, wad made of
reeds, ḫimû
medication
(powder), duqatu
meet,
refuge, reach, mix, assign,
accuse, infect disease, to inflict diseases, join
together, to be joined
together, unite, support, tax, impose taxes, fines,
load, land a boat, lean, to
lean against, to cling to, to come in contact, to
stand nearby, take cover, to
place a lean upon or against something, add up,
emēdu
membrane,
film, afterbirth,
blinkers, ipu
memorandum,
ḫasūsu
men, a class of men, kuzīru
menial,
person of servile status
attached to a household, doing agricultural andother
work under supervision,
person of equal social status, comrade, colleague,
kinattu
menstruating
woman, erištu
mention,
intelligence,
understanding, notification, divine grace, ḫissatu
mention,
to mention, ḫissatu
merchandise
shipment evaluated in tin,
awītu
merchant,
chief merchant, *kaešmāḫu
merchants
community, city quarter
destined for traders and sailors, harbor, harbor
district, mooring place,
quay-wall, embankment, trading station, price of a
unit of merchandise, karû
merchant,
traveling merchant, kaeššu
merciful,
forbearing, gāmilu
merciful,
to have mercy, *enēnu
merciful,
to be gracious, epēqu
merciful,
gamilu, in la gāmilu
merciful,
gammālu
merciless
(occassionaly only as a
name of a diety), gamālu, in la gamāl
mercy,
grace, ennu
mercy, to
return an act of kindness,
complaisance, favor, kind act, to wreak vengeance,
gimillu
mercy request,
ask for mercy, to
pray, enēnu
merry-making,
joy, ḫidūtu
merry, to be
merry, to
shine, to make brilliant, to make love, to
copulate, ḫelû
merry, to
make merry, rejoice, ḫuddušu
message
(send), advance, attack, go,
govern, rule, oppose, turn against person, confront,
order, âru
messenger,
ḫaṭṭu, in rab ḫaṭṭi
messenger,
serving as a messenger, troops,
member of the light
troops (special military formation),
kallāb šipirti
metal alloy,
a metal alloy, ḫašmītu
metal, a
precious metal, amūtu,
aši’u
metal bowl,
a metal bowl, kīšu
metal, bowl
of metal or stone,
trough (for water or beer, often made of
bitumen-coated reeds), kuninnu
metal bowl,
(usually of metal),
kappu
metal
clappers, musical instrument, kiskilātu
metal
cauldron, kiūru
metal crucible for metal and glass, kiln,
brazier, kūru
metal dish,
ḫuruppu
metal disk
weighing one talent,
round loaf of bread, kakkaru
metal
household object, angurinnu
metal jug,
a metal jug, kunaggu
metal object,
ankunnu, ḫabšu, ḫaskallatu,
ḫiduḫḫu, ḫinduḫītu, ingurēnu, (Hurrian word,
karaurna)
metal object, kusibirītu
metal object,
(Hurrian words, kašmušḫe,
kazzapurušḫu), kisinna, kūlu, kundulu
metal object,
ḫurdu, in ša ḫurde
metal object
inspection, to inspect
metal objects, unûtu
metal object
(Iron?), *elu
metal object,
ornament of gold, ḫašû
metal object
or tool, injānu
metal object,
probably a weapon,
karuwe
metal objects,
ḫarināte
metal or
alloy used for weapons, ḫabalginnu
metal or clay
small brazier, ḫuluppaqqu
metal part of
a wagon, itirtu
metal pin,
hair clasp, kirissu
metal ring,
metal wheel tire, ḫuppu
metal scraps,
ḫušû
metal strap,
of metal or leather,
kurussu
metal tire of
a wheel, metal ring, ḫuppu
metal tool,
kitītu
metal tool
or object, injānu
metal,
wool, material weighed and
delivered, ḫaṭu
meteor,
star, falling star,
star-shaped object or formation, kakkabu
meterorite?,
lump, obstruction in a
canal, treasures, stricture of the alimentary canal,
possessions, section of a
text or region, structure, mountain fastness, bond
(of a mountain, wall),
anger, feature of the exta, joint of the human or
animal body, payment in kind
for services or taxes, rent payment, team of workmen
or experts, troop, contingent
of soldiers, knot made for magic purposes, wrath,
concentration, strength,
joint, node, knot of a plant, clasp, handle, an
astronomical term, kiṣru
meteorological
phenomenon, quiver,
nest, egg membrane, ḫillu
midday,
brilliance of the sun at
midday, kararû
might,
mass, expanse, a deformation
of part of the exta-orum, entrails, such as heart,
liver, lungs, gipšu
might,
power, physical strength,
totality, kiššūtu
might,
strength, kiššu
might,
superiority, strength, force,
violence, severity (said of cold weather), danānu
mighty,
essential, dangerous,
difficult, great, grave, fortified, fierce, binding,
heavy, hard, solid,
strong, thick,
massive, steady, loud,
legitimate, reliable, powerful, savage, serious,
obstinate, bad, tyrannical,
harsh, urgent, imperative, pressing, dannu
mighty,
strong, adj., kaššu
milk,
ḫilpu
milk, to milk,
ḫalāpu
milk product,
a milk product, kanṣu
milk, soured
milk, casein glue?
kisimmu
milk, yielding milk, adj., name of milkweed,
ḫilabānu
military campaign, path, road, journey,
caravan, business trip,
expeditionary force, march, travel provisions, girru
military
campaign, raid, corvée
work, expedition, expeditionary force, capital, business capital, caravan, journey,
trip, business trip, road,
path, highway, travel, venture, army, service unit,
times (math term), ḫarrānu
military
detachment, *gudūdu
military
detachment, organized as a
military detachment, a caravan, concentrated,
kaṣru
military
official (Assyrian), ālu in
rab ālāni
military
strength metaphor, weapon
(metaphor for military strength and aggressiveness),
a specific,
individually used weapon, warfare, attack, troops,
standard with divine symbol,
tool, shaft, barb, thorn, a formation of the exta, a
sign predicting certain
events, kakku
military unit
of ten men, (Hurrian
word): emanti
milkweed,
a kind of milkweed, arīhu
milkweed,
name of milkweed, yielding
milk, adj., ḫilabānu
mill,
ararru in bīt ararri
mill, a part
of a mill, ḫarūru
mill, a type
of mill, ḫābiṣu
mill, to
mill, work of a grinder,
ararrūtu
miller, a
miller, kaṣṣidakku
millet,
duhnu
millet, a
kind of millet, arsikku
military
class or profession, gardu
millstone,
ammatu
millstone,
upper millstone, top
pack, penthouse, upper or outer garment, to part,
high terrain, high land,
upper or outer part, outside, insincerity,
deception, elītu
mince, to mince or crush plants in preparing
remedies, ḫussû
mind,
liver? emotions, inside
of the body, thoughts, spirit,
kabattu
mindful,
to be mindful of, remember,
to be mindul of something, care for, to think of a
person (said of gods and
kings = to care for, to be pious, diety, to think of
a deity = to heed a diety,
to think of a person (said of gods and kings = to
care for, to listen to
somebody, to refer to something/somebody, to
mention, to be intelligent,
understanding, to plan, to remind, to study,
investigate, to worry, to remind,
to give information, to pay attention, to be
concerned, worried, ḫasāsu
mine,
poss. Pron., f. jā’u
mine or
to smelt copper, erû-a’
mineral,
a mineral, agargarītu,
ashar, kalakkūtu, kuššikku
mineral
containing stibium, alulūtu
mineral dye,
alluharu, allaḫaru,
annuḫaru
mineral,
reddish colored, or clay,
kalgukku
mineral,
yellow-colored mineral, kalû
mirror
(Synonym) aduru
mirror,
gaze, eyesight, sight, wish,
object looked upon, diglu
misdeed,
fault, harm, act of
negligence, damage, sin, offense, crime, punishment,
ḫiṭu
misdeed,
crime, sin, gillatu,
gullultu
misdeed,
fine, guilt, wrongdoing,
offense, punishment, arnu
misery,
hardship, dullu
misfortune,
calamity, evil deed,
damage, wrong, ruins of a city, ḫibiltu
misfortune,
secrency, hiding,
falsehood, slander, aḫītu
missile,
ḫutennu
missing
animal or person, lost
object, ruined field, ḫalqu
missing, to
become missing or lost,
vanish, to disappear,
perish, to
escape, to flee, to make disappear, cause a loss, to
help escape, to cause
losses, to destroy, ḫalāqu
mistake, to
make a mistake, to fail,
neglect, miss, to commit an offense, to trespass, to
sin, to damage, injure, ḫaṭû
mistreat, to
mistreat, ḫesû
mistreatment,
ḫisi’āte
mistreat,
to suffer spasms, be
distressed, cause distress, disturbed, despair,
distraught, worried, ašāšu
mix,
assign, accuse, infect disease,
to inflict diseases, join together, to be joined
together, unite, support, tax,
impose taxes, fines, load, land a boat, lean, to
lean against, to reach, to
cling to, to come in contact, to stand nearby, take
cover, refuge, to place a
lean upon or against something, add up, meet, emēdu
mix, to
mix ingredients, evaluate,
calculate, šutābulu
mix, to mix
liquids, to mix with (in
armed conflict), to be intermixed, ḫâqu
mistress,
female head of the family,
ḫammatu
moaner,
dimmatu, in ša dimmati
moaning,
dimmatu, dimmu, dumāmu
moat,
city moat? ḫurḫuru
moat,
ditch, ḫarīṣu, ḫirīṣu
moat,
ditch, canal, ḫirītu
model,
plan of a building,
archetype, magic circle, gišḫuru
mold,
fungus, a rash, kibšu
mold, to mold
clay, to knead, ḫarāṣu
moldy,
adj., erru
moldy, to
become moldy, erēru
mole, a mole,
side, arm, kittabru
mole, black
mole, black spot (a
disease of barley), ḫalû
mole,
mark, a red berry, erimu
mole or mark,
fungus, katarru
mole or
the like, ḫašālu
money paid in
addition to the purchase
price of fields and houses, iškinū
monster’s
name, ḫindu
monstrous
shape, stillborn or
premature child, a demon, kūbu
month,
(festival of this month:
elūlu), Elul
month and the
festival in which it is
celebrated, kinku
month, born
in the ninth month,
adj., *kissilimû
month,
intercalary month, diri,
dirigû
month name,
ḫallūtu, ḫamannu,
impurtanni, jarati,
kiraru, kurillu
month name,
arkabinnu, attana,
attanašwe, ebirtu, ḫibirtu, izalli, kiskissu,
kuzallu
month name,
“acorn month,” allānātu
month name,
demon, ḫultuppu, ibibtu
month name,
eighth month, araḫsamna
month name
(Hurrian word): ekkena
month name
and a festival, heat,
fever, ḫumṭu
month name,
saddle, rule, royal
property and service, throne, a feature of the exta,
dominion, chair, sedan
chair, part of a chariot or a plow, kussû
month, ninth
month’s name, kissilimu
month, to add an intercalary month, dar
monthly,
arḫâ
monthly,
each month, arḫussu
monthly duty,
*arḫītu
monthly, on
the first of each month,
arḫišam
mood,
oracular utterance,
reputation, expressed by others, egirrû
moody, a
person with quickly changing
moods, ḫadī-ū’a-amēlu
moon disk,
crown, agû, aga’u
moon, gibbous
moon, star,
constellation or fixed star, small of
the back, kidney of an animal, region of the
kidneys, kalītu
moon god
place of offering,
gizinakku
moon, new moon, first of the month, arhu
mooring place,
quay-wall,
embankment, harbor district, city quarter destined
for traders and sailors,
harbor, trading station, community of merchants,
price of a unit of
merchandise, karû
morass,
ḫibarītu
more, in
excess, eli
more than,
over, on account of, on,
at the debit of, against, above, upon, to, towards,
beyond, eli
moreover, in addition, besides, furthermore, indeed,
as well, appūna
morning,
coolness, kaṣâtu
morning,
early in the morning, adv.,
kallāmāre
morning, in
the morning, adv., kaṣâtam
mortar,
area volume, soil,
territory, scales, earth, loose earth, debris, dust, ore, eperu
mortar, a
kind of mortar, kalakku
mortify,
to mortify oneself, ikkû
mosquito,
ašturru
moth, a
moth, ašāšu
mother, a
synonym for mother, adj.,
*immû
mother, a
name for mother, ammatu
mother
(Elamite word), amma
mother-in-law,
emētu
mound,
heap, gurunnu
mountain,
ginû, ḫārru
mountain,
a word for mountain, arutû
mountain
fastness, bond (of a
mountain, wall), anger, feature of the exta, joint
of the human or animal body,
payment in kind for services or taxes, rent payment,
team of workmen or
experts, troop, contingent of soldiers, knot made
for magic purposes, wrath,
structure, concentration, strength, joint, node,
knot of a plant, section of a
text or region, possessions, treasures, stricture of
the alimentary canal,
obstruction in a canal, lump, meterorite?, clasp,
handle, an astronomical term,
kiṣru
mountain
ledge, *gisallu
mountain,
like a mountain, adv., ḫuršāniš
mountain pass,
sunset, west, erebu
mountain
region, ḫuršānu
mountain
region that is remote,
durgu
mounting,
a mounting of a ring of
iron, jewel, etc. aḫzūtu
mountings,
iḫzūtu
mountings
(for setting stones and
decorating costly objects), iḫzū
mourning
gesture, expression of
mourning, giḫlû, ḫuppu
mourn, to
mourn, damāmu
mourn,
live, to reside, stay
somewhere, sit down, wait, sit idly, officiate (of
kings, etc.), populated,
ašābu
mourning,
damāmu
mourning
apparel, (a ragged or dirty
piece of apparel worn as a sign of mourning), karru
mourning
place, place used, destined or
fit for mouring rites, kihullu
mouse, a mouse (Lit., digger), ḫarriru
mouse,
dormouse? Arrabu
mouse or kind of shrew, ḫulû
mouse or
possibly a rat, ḫumṣiru
mouth, to
open the mouth, pû-a’
move across,
to make an incursion, a
razzia into enemy territory, to make move across,
ḫabātu
move objects
past, go overland,
elapse, to cross, pass along (walking), to advance
on or continue a journey, to
march in review, to pass by, to pass through, to
transgress, to go beyond or
exceed, to by-pass, avoid, to send on overland, to
make pass on or proceed, to
pass objects on, to hand over, transfer,
to go through with a ritual, to allow time to
elapse, cause delay, to allow
persons or boats to pass, to avert, to be
transgressed, to be transferred,
etēqu
move to
another location, to remove,
clear away, to make rise and depart, to arouse from
sleep, collect taxes, to
summon officials, call up workers, mobilize, raise,
lift up, call and dispatch
soldiers, move troops into battle, to prompt, dekû
moving,
going, allaku
moving out,
waywardness, aṣûtu
move quickly, to rush to a goal, ḫâšu
much,
very much, dannišamma
mucus,
ḫiḫīnu
mucus, green
dry mucus, wool or
cloth of a certain color, probably green, nasal
discharge, ḫaṣartu
muddy,
blurred, confused, cloudy,
disturbed, dalhu
mule,
damdammu
mule, a type
of mule, kūdanu
mule stable,
kūdanu, in bīt kūdini
multiply,
to twine, to double, eṣēpu
murder,
smite, fight, defeat, to be
killed, execute, kill, to kill a person or animal,
break a tablet, dâku
murder,
to commit murder, risibtu
murderer,
da’ikānu, dā’iku, fem. dā’iktu,
ēpiš nērti
murderer
(lit. experienced in bloodshed),
amir damī
murmur, to
murmur (said of water),
to hum, low, chirp, ḫabābu
muscle,
contracting muscle,
sphincter, constipation, constriction, control?,
isiltu
mushroom,
ka’u
music,
performing dances and music,
member of the temple-personnel (of Īštar),
actor, kulu’u
musical
instrument, a musical
instrument, elû, kanzabu,
kiski’u
musical
instrument, clappers
(metal), kiskilātu
musical
instrument (stringed), inu
musician,
kalû-musician of the second rank,
galaussû
musician,
to perform as a musician,
nārutû
musician,
to express joy, ēpiš
nigûti
muster,
andēsu
muster,
to organize, marshall
forces, provide food rations, check, control,
instruct, be mustered, ašāru
mutilate,
trim, cut, gaṣāṣu
mutilate,
to myrtle, asu
muzzle,
išpar
muzzle,
lock, ḫargullu
muzzling,
ḫiṭmu
muzzle,
snout, ḫuṭṭimmu
N
naked,
erēššānu, *eriššummānu
naked,
empty, empty handed,
destitute, erû
nape,
locks of the nape on a statue,
gubāru
nape of the
neck, back of the head,
backside (of human beings and animals), rear part
(of objects, parts of the
body, buildings, etc.), as a prep. or adv., behind,
in idiomatic expressions,
replacement, late part (of the year), later time,
kutallu
narrows of a
river, stricture
(disease), ḫinqu
nasal
discharge, mucus, green dry
mucus, wool or cloth of a certain color, probably
green, ḫaṣartu
nauseated,
âšu
navel,
center of a country, of an
army, abunnatu
neck,
throat (of a human being, a
god, or an animal, ofen including the head and
shoulders), string of beads,
necklace, piece of jewelry or amulet worn around the
neck, neck scarf, bank of
a river, canal, ditch, shore of the sea, edge of a
well, rim of a pot, etc.,
kišādu
necklace,
basket, bird’s nest,
obligation (as a legal term), ḫīšu
neckpiece
or ornament, kudurru
neckstock?
kipru
necromancer,
eṭemmu, in ša eṭemmi
need,
wish, ḫašu
necessities,
need, needed materials,
supplies, lack, desirable, useful, beloved object,
ḫišiḫtu
neck guard,
necklace, a divine
symbol, kurinnu
necklace?
bead, irimmu
necklace,
neck guard, a divine
symbol, kurinnu
necklace,
neck, throat (of a human
being, a god, or an animal, ofen including the head
and shoulders), string of
beads, piece of jewelry or amulet worn around the
neck, neck scarf, bank of a
river, canal, ditch, shore of the sea, edge of a
well, rim of a pot, etc.,
kišādu
necklace or
part thereof, gum’u
neck muscles,
dadānu
neck, one
with a broad neck or back
(as a nickname), kutallānu
neck scarf,
necklace, neck, throat
(of a human being, a god, or an animal, ofen
including the head and shoulders),
string of beads, piece of jewelry or amulet worn
around the neck, bank of a
river, canal, ditch, shore of the sea, edge of a
well, rim of a pot, etc.,
kišādu
neck stock,
a kind of trap, kind of
garment, erinnu
need,
famine, kušaḫḫu
need,
needed materials, supplies, lack,
necessities, desirable, useful, beloved object,
ḫišiḫtu
need,
requirement, ḫašaḫtu
need,
scarcity, famine, lack,
requirement, a disease, ḫušaḫḫu
need, to need,
require, to desire,
to like, to deprive, take away, to be brought to
want, to be wanting, ḫašāḫu
needle,
katātu
needle or
spear, dalû
needle,
spit, gubru
neglect,
to disregard, to be unable
to, to be unused to, (with negation) to be
unfamiliar with, to take cognizance
of, to care for something or somebody, to be aware
of, versed in something, familiar
with, to be experienced, to know something or
somebody, (with negation) to be
unfamiliar with, to be unused to, knowingly,
intentionally, unwittingly,
unconsciously, in a daze, to mark, to inform, to
make known, reveal, to
recognize, identify, to assign, to be recognized,
revealed, appointed, to
announce, proclaim, to make recognizable, to mark,
to assign, idû
neglect,
to make a mistake, to fail,
miss, to commit an offense, to trespass, to sin, to
damage, injure, ḫaṭû
negligible,
insignificant, (person
or thing), adj., itnušu
negligence,
carelessness, etītu
negligence,
to commit an act of
negligence, egītu
negligent
person, egû
negotiate,
litigate, recite, relate,
talk, to tell, speak, come to agreement, plead,
complain, dabābu
neglect, to leave something with or to a person,
lend, to lend money, save, to
be saved, set aside, reserve, leave, leave behind,
leave to posterity, leave a
token remnant of land, desert, to abandon,
disregard, to entrust, bequeath,
divorce, to make out a legal document, to spare,
leave out, to leave one
another, ezēbu
nervous,
to be or become nervous or
restless, to quiver, twitch, to have a premature
emission, to be or become
frightened, to fear, to frighten, to cause trouble,
to scare away, to inspire
fear, inspire awe, or respect, galātu
nest, egg
membrane, quiver, a
meteorological phenomenon, ḫillu
net,
ešešû
net, a net, gungītu
net, a type
of net for the fowler and
fisherman, a word for door, kātimtu
net,
caught in a trap or net?,
kumiru
net
interstice, itannu
net interstice, hole (of a kiln), eye, hub
(of a wheel), bubble,
spring, eye-shaped pebble (of precious stone), īnu
net, to
catch in a net, ešēšu
net, to
catch in a net, to engulf,
overwhelm, ašāšu
net, to net,
to knot, ḫadālu
net used for
hunting and warfare, a
net-like sack, demon, alluḫappu
nether world,
danninu, irkallu
nether world,
epru, in bīt epri
nether world,
a name for the nether
world, ḫilibāna, kurnugi
nether world,
a name for the nether
world, darkness, kukkû
nether world,
(a poetic name for
nether world), arallu
nether world,
(a poetic term for nether
world), pedestal base (for a statue, a cult
object, an architectural
feature made of stone, metal, brick, precious
stones, etc., often inscribed),
raised platform for cultic purposes, kigallu
nether world
(designation of the
nether world), gingal, kanisurru
nether world
river, ḫubur
never mind!
Disregard it!,
interj., ezib
new,
fresh, eššu
newcomer,
person accepted into the
family, intruder, errebu
newness,
eššūtu
new, to
become new or fresh, edēšu
news,
report, spoken word,
utterance, formula, amatu
night, to
spend the night, gêšu
night
watchman, summoner (for taxes
or corvée work), dēkû
night
watchmen, an epithet of gods
and demons, official concerned with the weight of
silver used as currency, hā’iṭu
night
watchman’s office/duty, ḫā’ṭūtu
nineteenth
day of the month (Lit.
day of wrath), ibbû
no, anšu
noble,
adj. gištelû
noble,
free, holy, sacred, clean,
pure, ellu
noble,
perfect, adj., gittamlu
noble,
perfect (describing gods,
kings, etc., and certain animals as perfect
specimens, used exclusively as
a poetic
term), equal in size, rank,
etc., gitmālu
noble,
thoroughbred horse, ḫiššamû
noble,
word for important noble, ašû
nod, to nod,
itmû
nod, to nod
the head, kamāmu
noise, a kind
of noise, ḫabību
noisy,
adj., ḫabru
noisy, to be
noisy, ḫabāru
nomads,
shepherds settlement, dāru
no!, no!,
interj. ē
noon,
word for noon, ašītu
normal,
customary, permanent,
ordinary, standard, ginû
normal,
legitimate, sound, regular,
reliable, true, just, honest, decent, loyal,
correct, firm (in place), kīnu
normal,
regular, (also a name of
Saturn), steady, usual, adj., kajamānu
normal,
regular, ordinary,
prosperous, straight, in good condition, favorable,
fair, just, correct, loose
(said of the bowels),
išaru
normal,
regular, permanent,
constant, plain,
kajānu
normal,
regular, trustworthy, adj.,
kajamānû
normal state,
truth, in truth,
truly, justice, justly, correct procedures, loyalty,
fidelity, correctness,
treaty, duly, loyally, kittu
normality,
correctness, regular
offering, dues, ginû
normally,
constantly, always, adv.,
ginâ
north (as
one of the four cardinal
points), north wind, north country, ištānu
north country,
north wind, north (as
one of the four cardinal points), ištānu
northern
border, ištānānu
north wind,
north (as one of the
four cardinal points), north country, ištānu
north wing
(of a house or temple),
Ištānu, in bīt istāni
nose,
constant wrinkling of the nose,
adj., gunnuṣu
nose,
tip, crown, end, rim, edge,
spur of land, causeway, appu
notice,
information, di’atu
notice,
acknowledgment, written
proof, password, signal, diagram,
characteristic, feature, sign, mark, omen, ominous,
sign, inside informaiton,
ittu
notification,
mention, intelligence,
understanding, divine grace, ḫissatu
nought,
to come to nought, adi ulla
alāku
now,
adukul, aduku or adugu (in
Egyptian texts only)
now, adv.
enna, ingā
now,
enanna, enannu, anīna, akann,
annuš
now, at
once, look! ani or anni
now,
here, annuma
now, here
is, then, adv., inūma
now, indeed?
Anna
now, just
now, adv., inanna
now, right
now, ašar, išarma
now, see, annu
now then,
along with, annūrig
now then!
come! interj., gana
now then!
well now! agana
numerous,
abundant, dešû
numerous,
teeming, epithet of human
beings, apâtu
O
oak,
elānu
oak,
Kanis oak, allānkānis
oar,
gišallu
oath, to take
an oath, adê, nīš
oats,
grain, a type of groats
(hulled grain, typically oats), dulīqāte
object, a
metal object, kūlu
object, an object, ešrû, ḫazzawinnu, ḫīšānu,
(Hurrian, iššuḫru)
object or
container, iknusi
object or garment, ḫatlunu
object or
implement, ḫassapu
object,
to object, epēsu
objection,
reason, excuse, idu
objection, to
raise an objection, ḫezû
obligation
(as a legal term), bird’s
nest, basket, necklace, ḫīšu
obligation,
debt, ḫabullu,
ḫubultu
obligation,
debt, (with interest),
interest, ḫubullu
obligation,
legal obligation, īšu
obligation,
legal obligation incumbent
on the owner of a field, kakkussu
obligation,
liability, e’iltu
obligation,
to perform an obligation,
ḫapālu
obliging,
friendly, adj., gammilu
obliging,
to perform a kind act, to
act so as to please, to come to an agreement, to
spare, save, to make mutual
concessions, gamālu
obscurity,
difficulty, itgurūtu
observation
post, offering?
imru
observe, to
observe, ḫarāṭu
observer,
spy, dagiltu, in ša
dagilti
observer of
birds for divination
pirposes, augur, diviner, dāgil iššūre
obstinate,
tyrannical, thick,
serious, savage, reliable, massive, legitimate,
loud, steady, urgent, pressing,
powerful, mighty, essential, dangerous, difficult,
great, grave, fortified,
fierce, binding, heavy, hard, solid, strong, bad,
harsh, imperative, dannu
obstruct,
to dam (a canal or
waterway), to immerse, soak, intertwine, to do
promptly?, to have done
promptly?, to have soaked, immersed, to become
intertwined?, to be done promptly?,
karāku
obstruction
in a canal, treasures,
stricture of the alimentary canal, possessions,
section of a text or region,
structure, mountain fastness, bond (of a mountain,
wall), anger, feature of the
exta, joint of the human or animal body, payment in
kind for services or taxes,
rent payment, team of workmen or experts, troop,
contingent of soldiers, knot
made for magic purposes, wrath, concentration,
strength, joint, node, knot of a
plant, lump, meterorite?, clasp, handle, an
astronomical term, kiṣru
obtain, to
obtain a wish, knowledge,
good health, luck, a friend, to obtain
possession of objects, merchandise,
etc., to seize (said of diseases, evil spirits,
misfortunes, etc.), to surprise
(in the act), to arrest a fugitive, a criminal, to
be victorious, to defeat an
enemy, to conquer a country, a city, to find, to be
sufficient, to approach ( a
person, an authority), with a claim, a complaint, to amount
to,
to reach, to reach and equal in value, arrive
(said of a moment in
time), to capture an enemy, to attain old age, to
win a case, to get hold of
(in various shades of meaning), to finish
completely, to chase away, pursue, to
drive away, drive into exile, to disinherit, to
drive away evil spirits, to
remove sins, etc., to make a journey, to drive
(horses), to approach someone,
to defeat an enemy, to conquer, to raid, to make
prisoner, to seize, to send,
to pertain to property, to a right, etc., kašādu
obtained
by ḫalaṣu (said of oil) etc., pressed out
(said of sesame seeds)
combed (said of flax), adj., ḫalṣu
occasion, on
the occasion of, when,
conj., inūmti
offense,
misdeed, fault, harm, act
of negligence, damage, sin, crime, punishment, ḫiṭu
offense,
misdeed, fine, guilt,
wrongdoing, punishment,
arnu
offense,
to commit an offense, to
neglect, to make a mistake, to fail, miss, to
trespass, to sin, to damage,
injure, ḫaṭû
offer, to
offer to a god, offered,
to assign, to produce a person, to
point out, to show a document, to show somebody the
peg driven in a field (as
legal act accompanying the transfer of a field), to
show an item to be
accounted for, to reveal (something hidden), to
expose to the sun, to disclose,
reveal, explain, exhibit, to show an (ominous) sign,
to advise, to instigate,
to teach, to instruct, to give an order, to show a
particular mood or attitude,
to make someone experience prosperity, hardship, to
be shown, to become
exposed, to show, to reveal, to disclose, to
produce, to grant, to show,
kullumu
offering, an
offering, quqqanû
offering,
funerary offering, kisikkû
offering,
gift, annual tax collected
from merchants and priests, igisû
offering,
gift, present, bribe,
kadrû
offering,
gifts, presents (to a god
or king), import duty, income, amount, irbu
offering,
monthly offering, quqqû
offering?
observation post, imru
offering,
or pious gift to the gods
(see also, sanctuary), aširtu
offering
or present, an additional
payment, kīnajātu
offering,
regular offering, ginû
offering,
regular offering,
normality, correctness, dues, ginû
offering
table, guduttû
offering,
to arrange a riksu
offering, riksu-a’
offering,
to present food offerings,
apālu
offering,
votive offering, equ
office of the
alaḫḫinu, alaḫḫinūtu
office of the
courtyard sweeper,
kisalluḫḫūtu
office of the
governor of Nippur,
guennakkūtu
office of the kaššu-official,
kaššu, in bīt kašši
office of the
palace in Mari, kupru,
in bīt kupri
officer
commanding a group, emantuḫlu
official,
alaḫḫinu, in rabi alaḫḫini
official,
appāru, in rab appāri
official,
ḫumādu, in rab ḫumādi
official,
amurru, in rabi amurri
official, a
high court official, ḫuburtanuri
official, a
high judicial official,
kiparu
official, a
high official, kingallu
official, a
high official, kakku, in
rabi kakki
official,
a high official in charge of a city,
ālu, in ša muḫḫi āli
official, a
high official in Anatolia,
kaššu
official,
a royal official, kakku, in šu kakki
šarri
official, a
temple official, stool
bearer, kiturru,
in ša kiturrišu
officer, a type of officer, (Hurrian word):
ezatuhlu
official,
administrative, alaḫḫinu, laḫḫinu,
alḫenu
official,
an official, dašija, didakku, eruḫlu,
gadā’a -(Old. Pers. Word?),
gardupatu, gutaku, ḫašša
official, an
official, kumdilḫi,
kurniālu, kuruštû
official,
an official (Hittite word,
antubšalli), kīru
official,
an official, agāu, agālu, (re: equid),
(Hurrian word, arariḫuru)
official, an
official, ḫuṭāru,
in ša ḫuṭāri
official, an
official, kakkullu, in
rab qaqqullāte
official, an
official, kudāru, in
rab kuddāri
official,
chair-bearer, guzalû
official,
chair-bearer, female, guzalûtu
official,
chief of the
kartappu
officials, kartappu, in rabi kartappī
official,
chief palace official,
ekallu, in rabi ekalli
official,
an official, chief of the kurgarru
(actors), kurgarrû, in rabi
kurgarri
official,
court groom (for leading
donkeys and horses), kartappu
official,
designation of an official,
or a craftman, kuduḫtaš, kuššuku, kuttim
official,
dues payable to the kaššu-official,
kaššu, in ša kašši
official in
charge of a bridge,
gišru, in rab gišri
official in
charge of a custom station,
kāru, in rabi kāri
official in
charge of a dimtu district,
dimtu, in bēl dimti
official in
charge of fodder,
kissatu, in rabi kissati
official in
charge of grain stores,
kagurrû
official in
charge of linen, kitû,
in rabi kita’āti
official in
charge of personnel, abi
sābi, abu sābi
official in
charge of sealing,
kanniku
official in
charge of the kūtu-wine
containers, kūtu, in rab
kuttāte
official in
charge of the plows, ḫarbu,
in rab ḫarbi
official in
charge of the women,
amīltu
official
in farming, ikkaru, in rab ikkarī
official in
queen’s court, *alaḫḫinatu,
laḫḫinatu
official
of the gagû-district,
gagû, in ša bāb gagȋ
official
or craftsman, gelduḫlu, ituḫlu
official
or tradesman, ḫupānu, in ša
ḫupānišu
official,
prison official, kīlu, in ša bīt kīli
official,
profession, or social
class, kussalili
official,
slave market and real estate official,
recording and witnessing
transactions concerning real estate and slaves,
kakikku
official,
temple official, courtyard
sweeper, kisalluḫḫu
official who
seals doors, kānik bābi
official’s
title, ḫamdagar
offspring,
fruit, fruit tree, child,
inbu
offspring,
progeny, ildu
oil,
ill-smelling oil, ikūku[1]
oil,
first-rate oil, igišgulû
oil obtained
by ḫalāṣu, ḫilṣu
oil, or oily substance, ḫanqulātu
oil, perfumed
oil, igulû
oil, precious
oil, iḫenunnakku
oil, vessel
for oil, kuiḫku
ointment,
kupurtu
old man,
kibrû
old, to
grow old, labīrūtu
old, to
become old, šībūtu
omen,
sign, giskimmu
omen, to
give an omen, ittu
omen,
ominous, notice,
acknowledgment, written proof, password, signal,
diagram, characteristic, feature, sign, mark,
inside information, ittu
ominous mark
in divination, desired
object, wish, request, erištu
on account of,
on, at the debit of,
against, above, upon, over, to, towards, more than,
beyond, eli
on account of
this, for such reason,
in this manner, as follows, adv., kīnanna
on behalf of,
on account of, with
respect to, related to, because of, concerning,
aššum
on,
beyond, above, el
on, from,
through, in, prep., ina
on high,
on top, up, upward,
upstream, in excess, in addition, outwardly, loudly,
eliš
on time,
at the right time,
promptly, adv., kallû, in ana kallê
once, for
the first time, ištēnutu
once,
one-by-one, one apiece,
singly, ištēnâ
once, one
time, firstly, adv.,
ištīššu
one,
once, at the first time, first,
ištēštu
one,
(indefinite article), unique,
outstanding, first, for the first time, ištēn[2]
one-by-one,
aha aha
one-by-one, individually, adv., īdišam
one-by-one,
one apiece, once,
singly, ištēnâ
one-column
tablet, imgiddû
one-half,
ḫupû
one time,
once, firstly, adv.,
ištīššu
onion, an onion, imtaḫšu
onion, a kind of onion, ḫuruššu
onlooker,
looking, dāgilu
only,
adv., ela
only person,
unique, ettu
only,
solitary, single, ēdēnû
opaque,
to be thick, dense, ḫaṣābu
open country,
region outside a city,
outside, kīdu
operate,
to perform an operation?
simmu
opponent,
duplicate, copy, gabarû
oppose,
attack, send a message, to
go, advance, turn against person, confront, order,
rule, govern, âru
oppress,
to oppress, dullulu, kâpu
oppress,
to wrong, to ravage, to
take away, to undo, to destroy, to do wrong to a
person, ḫabālu
oppressive,
trample, upon, throw
over or back, press hard, treat harshly, be thrown
down, darāsu
optionally,
adv., ḫūdi
or else,
if not, jānû
oracle
requester, dinu, in ša dīni
orchard,
gapnu, in bīt gapan
orchard,
garden, palm, grove, kirû
ordeal by
water, the place of the ḫuršānu
ordeal, a plant, ḫuršānu
order, to
establish order by divine
action, parṣū-a’
order, to
execute an order, ša pī
PN, šipirtu
order, to
give an order, to teach,
to instruct, to instigate, exhibit, explain, to expose to the sun, to become
exposed, to reveal (something
hidden), reveal, to offer to a god, to assign, to
produce a person, to point
out, to show a document, to
show somebody the peg driven in a field (as legal
act accompanying the transfer
of a field), to show an item to be accounted for, to
disclose, to show an
(ominous) sign, to advise, to show a particular mood
or attitude, to make
someone experience prosperity, hardship, to be
shown, offered, to show, to
disclose, to produce, to grant, to show, kullumu
order, to
give orders, amatu (with
sûhuzu)
order,
send message, advance,
confront, oppose, to attack, go, to go, turn against
a person, âru
order, to put or keep in good order, to be put in
order, to advance against, to
become successful, proceed, to be fitted out
correctly, justice, to provide
justice, dispatch, send, insure the correct
performance of a ritual, to make do
the right thing, thrive, to prosper, to inject an
enema, clear up, to give birth easily, to
charge (an enemy), straighten
up, to go
straight toward, to thrive, to
prosper, to be or become all right, to move the
bowels, to proceed, to move
straight ahead, to cause to move along a straight or
correct course to prepare,
to march on, to set aright, to give correct
decisions, ešēru
organize,
marshall forces, muster,
to provide food rations, check, control, instruct,
be mustered, ašāru
organize,
to organize a group, a
country, strengthen, to repair, to give relief, to
compose a text, collect,
construct, to construct buildings, etc., join, to
become joined, to join
together, to tie, bind together, assemble a body of
soldiers into a military
formation, to form a herd of animals, to make
regulations, to prepare for
battle, to plot evil, to cluster, gather,
concentrate, make compact, to work
for wages, put together, to tie together, to
surround with a fence or net, to
fortify, to assemble, to assemble, to make ready for
battle, to
prepare for battle, to make ready for
battle, to set up a battle array, to compact, to
concentrate, to make ready, to
gather, to be tied, bound together, kaṣāru
organize,
to organize, to put in order, to place
parts of a construction in
correct position, to be firm in place, to assign a
person to a position, an
office, assign good fortune a calamity, etc., to
assign fields, houses,
staples, etc., to levy taxes, to lay out a
watercourse, a boundary, to erect a
wall, a building, a city, to
establish the foundation of a building, to establish
regular deliveries and
offerings, etc., to establish laws, regulations,
rituals, fame, to set up a
stela, a boundary stone, an inscription, an image, to
establish (in math and astronomy),
reliable, be loyal, to be well disciplined, correct, to place an object correctly or in a
specific place (said of
ritual and votive objects, of tablets, food, and
other objects), honest,
endure, to remain in effect, to last, to be secure
(said of a foundation), a
rule, a position, to remain stationary (said of
planets), to remain
quantitatively constant, to impose tribute, a fine,
to organize, to put in
order, to grant, to maintain and preserve the rule,
the life of a person, the
safety of an object, the permanence of a city, etc.,
to testify, to make a
statement as a witness, to act as a witness, to
establish as true by means of
witnesses, to confirm, to certify, to be confirmed,
kânu
organized as
a military detachment,
a caravan, concentrated, kaṣru
ordinary,
normal, customary,
permanent, standard, ginû
ordinary,
prosperous, straight,
normal, regular, in good condition, favorable, fair,
just, correct, loose (said
of the bowels),
išaru
ornament, a
golden ornament, kamaru
ornament,
a kind of ornament,
emartu, epapu?
ornament,
a kind of ornament or
jewelry, kamītu
ornament,
a small ornament, as on a
necklace, alu
ornament,
an ornament, ḫarû, jaru,
kizabuzzu
ornament,
coat of mail ornament or attachment,
kalku
ornament
made of copper, armatu
ornament made
of gold, metal object,
ḫašû
ornament of
gold, gullatu, *kirītu,
kussu
ornament
or a piece of jewelry,
dašannu
ornament,
probably a necklace, gāgu
ornament,
probably in the shape of
an astragal, ankle bone, an kiṣallu
ornament,
ring, ḫullu
ornament,
small gold ornament, ḫirītu
ornament,
star-shaped ornament,
star-shaped brand, star symbol, kakkabtu
opinion,
to consider an opinion, to
find out a person’s opinion, tēmu
oppressed,
wronged, dullulu
oppression,
lawlessness, ḫabālu
oracular
utterance, reputation, expressed by
others, mood, egirrû
order,
direction, iqbû
order, to
be put in order, to become
successful, proceed, to be fitted out correctly,
justice, to provide justice,
dispatch, send, insure the correct performance of a
ritual, to make do the
right thing, thrive, to prosper, to inject an enema, clear up, to give birth easily, to
charge (an enemy), straighten
up, to go
straight toward, to thrive, to
prosper, to be or become all right, to move the
bowels, to proceed, to move
straight ahead, to cause to move along a straight or
correct course to prepare,
to march on, to put or keep in good order, to set
aright, to give correct
decisions, to advance against, ešēru
ordinary,
normal, customary,
permanent, standard, ginû
ornament, an
ornament, ja’uru
ornament,
a kind of ornament, emartu
ornament in
the shape of a kuršallu
basket, a reed basket, kuršallu
ornament of
precious stone on sandals,
karadnannalla
ornament
or neckpiece, kudurru
other bank,
on the other bank,
eberta, ebertān
other bank,
other side, ebertu
other,
the other, that, allû
otherwise,
because, conj., kūm
otter,
kalab mû
ours,
pron., innû
outer,
adj., kīdânû
outer
courtyard, kisalbarakku
outer or
upper part, outside,
penthouse, top part, high terrain, high land,
insincerity, deception, top pack,
millstone, upper millstone, upper or outer garment,
elītu
outer,
outside, kamû
outer,
outside, surface, kīdītu
outlet of
a canal, arūru
outline of a
building, plan,
territory, boundary, kisurrû
outpost,
fortified outpost, fee payable by the
owners of date groves for
guard service, kādu
outpost
soldier, soldier stationed
in an outpost, kādu, in ša kādi
outposts
commander, kādu, in rab kādānu
outside,
ahānu, kamītu
outside a
town, person from outside a town, kīdu, in
ša kīdi
outside a
town, belonging to the outside,
to out of town, adj., kīdû
outside,
at both sides, ahia
outside,
region outside a city, open
country, kīdu
outside,
outer, kamû
outside,
outer or upper part,
penthouse, top part, high terrain, high land,
insincerity, deception, top pack, millstone, upper
millstone, upper or outer
garment, elītu
outside,
outer surface, kīdītu
outside,
outward, kīdam
outside,
toward the outside, adv.,
*kamȋš, kīdânu
outsider,
stranger, kamâtu, in ša
kawâti
outstanding,
unique, one,
(indefinite article), first, for the first time,
ištēn
outward,
outside, kīdam
outwardly,
loudly, on high, on top,
up, upward, upstream, in excess, in addition, eliš
over, on
account of, on, at the
debit of, against, above, upon, to, towards, more
than, beyond, eli
oven (of
the smith, potter, etc.),
furnace, kiln, craftsman, smith, armorer, engineer
(as a category of soldier)
kiškattû
over,
upstream, in addition to, apart
from, above, prep. Elēn, elēnu
overage,
excess, excessive growth,
atartu
overbearing,
to be overbearing, to make
fierce, arrogant, spirited, kadāru
overcast,
adūru
overcome, to attach (as a technical term), ensnare (in transferred meanings
and magical contexts), to
capture or defeat an enemy, to capture, kamû
overlordship,
to exercise
overlordship, etellūtu
overpowering
(as a divine epithet),
denoting a specific divine weapon, adj., kaškaššu
overpowering
strength, to achieve,
gāmirūtu
overpower, to
overpower, to vie with
one another, gubburu
oversee,
to act as overseer, akiutu,
mušēpišūtu
overseer,
ammāru
overseer of
soldiers, aklu, waklu,
*uklu
overseer of
the bīt ḫilṣu, ḫilṣu, in rab bīt
ḫilṣi
overseer of
the ginû-dues, ginû, in rabi
ginâ
overseer of
the kaškadinnu-officials,
kaškadinnu, in rabi kaškadinnē
overseer of
the mule stable, kūdanu,
in ša bīt kūdini
overseer of
the reed-ḫillu’s, ḫillu, in ša muḫḫi
ḫillu
overseer of
the regular dues, ginû,
in ša muḫḫi ginê
overseer of
the royal poultry, iṣṣūru,
in ša ana muḫḫi iṣṣūrī
overseer
of the storage
building kalakku,
in amēl kalakki
overseer,
position of overseer,
*akiūtu
overseer,
to be an overseer, rābiṣūtu
over the wall,
adv., dūrāniš
overwhelm, to
overwhelm, to seize
and hold persons, conceal, to appropriate illegally,
to be clothed, to provide
with clothing, to be covered, clothed, clap down, to
cover, to clap down (said
of a trap), to cover with garments, etc., to cover
tightly, to cover, close,
veil (the eyes, the face, the lips, etc., to cover
with earth, etc., covered,
to cover the body, to cover with dust, sand, (the
sky) with smoke, etc., to
constrict to conceal, close a pot, a door, to cover
up, katāmu
owe,
acquire on credit, to assume
financial obligation, borrow, ḫabālu
owl,
iṣṣūr qādê
owl, hoot-owl,
ḫūa
owl, kind
of owl, akkû
own, to own,
to have a claim
(against somebody), to have, išû
own, to
take aim, to wait for, to
attend to, belong to, look, to look at, look on with
indifference, dagālu
ox at rest,
(designation of an ox not
to be used for hard work), gimlu
owner of ilku-income or service, ilku, in
bēl ilki
ox, bull ox,
beef, alpu
oxen trained
to the seeder-plow,
adj., ērišu
ox driver,
arki alpī
ox driver,
heir, retainer, ālik
arki, ālik warki, ālik urki
ox driver,
leading ox, ox used for
plowing, kullizu
ox driver,
work of an ox driver,
kullizūtu
ox, hand
ox, alap ritti
ox, mountain
ox, alap šadê
ox, river ox,
foreign animal, alap
nāri
ox team
services for agricultural
work, rate of hire of an ox, amount to be paid,
inītu
ox, one yoke
ox, alap
nīri
ox, water ox,
alap
mê
[1]
Note: English word “icky,”: (Oxford Dictionary,
“nasty or unpleasant,
distastefully sentimental. Origin: Perhaps
related to sick or to the child’s
word ‘ickle.’” Perhaps the English word came
from Akkadian?
[2]
Akkadian, ištēn,
Belarusian, адзін,
adzin,
one.
P
pace, to pace off, to
walk upon, to stride, to forgive,
pardon a sin, to defeat an enemy, to make compact,
to bother, to crush, to step
into something unclean accidentally, to step upon
something on purpose, to make
people do work, to press people, to stamp out a
fire, to suppress noise, to
full cloth, to let time pass, to make regulations,
to come in, to exert
oneself, to put pressure upon a person, to drop a
claim, a case, to put
reciprocal pressure on each other, to allow to
walk about, to trample, to make
a road or ramp by compressing and stamping the
soil, to make concessions, to
submit oneself, kabāsu
pacing, traveling across the sky, adj.,
ebberu
pack,
caravan, ellatu
pack of
dogs, host, collegium,
donkey caravan (of commerce), army, kinship group,
crew, cohorts, clique,
confederates, clan, troops (of the enemy), illatu
pack,
to pack, darāku
pack,
top pack, millstone, upper
millstone, penthouse, upper or outer garment, to
part, high terrain, high land,
upper or outer part, outside, insincerity,
deception, elītu
package,
bundle, ḫuršiānu
paddock,
small field for horses?
gigamlu
paid,
*eṭru
pain,
piercing pain, wound caused by
piercing, severed part, diaphragm, dikšu
painful, to
become painful, to honor
a person, honored, to give honor, to be honored,
to hatch (said of a bird),
bothersome, to become difficult, lethargic,
massive, fat, to become heavy, rich, to
become important, to show
respectto pay respect to gods, to parents, to
respect an oath, to aggravate,
make difficult, etc., to extinguish a fire, to
underline the importance of, to
make heavy, kabātu
paint,
make-up, ebirtu
pair of
gods, protective deity
(daimon), luck, good fortune, image of a deity,
spirit of a deceased child, evil
spirit, demon, deity, god, the
god, ilu
pair,
two, both, pron.
kilallān
palace,
a great palace, eŝmāhu
palace,
a type of palace, dašari
palace area
around or connected with the
palace, kalzu
palace,
chief palace official,
ekallu, in rabi ekalli
palace
domestics, domestics of a
palace, temple or large estate, often attached as
attendants to the person of a
king, girseqû
palace
official admitted to certain
parts of the palace, ērib ekalli
palace
overseer, ekallu, in ša pān
ekalli
palace,
person attached to the
palace, ekallû
palace room
or portico, ḫilānu, in
bīt ḫilāni
palace,
royal palace, royal
property, main room of private house, ekallu
palate,
amû, elaq pi,
palid,
to turn pale, green, to
become green or yellow, arāqu
palm, a
date palm? Alamūtu
palm,
orchard, garden, grove, kirû
palm tree,
a palm tree, alamittu,
elamittu
palm tree,
a part or product of the palm
tree, a cut-off piece of wood, a chip of
wood, ḫuṣābu
panic,
anxiety, gully, cut-off
piece, break,
ḫīpu
panic,
fear, ḫattu
panic,
mortal terror, ḫa’attu
panic,
to be in panic, to become scared,
shy away, to cause fear and
panic, garāru
paralyze,
to paralyze, immobilize,
stun, ḫamû
paralyze,
to paralyze limbs and parts of
the body, bond, to bond bricks or blocks of
stone, to bind, to bind hands
and feet, to bind magically, arrest a person, to
put a person in fetters, to be
fettered, to join, to tie objects together, to
demand payment, to be joined,
kasû
paralyzed,
lame, crippled, kubbulu
paralyzed,
to be paralyzed, to be
lame, to make immobile, to hinder movements,
kabālu
parapet,
gabadibbû
parasite,
louse (on animals, plants,
and human beings), kalmatu
parent,
mother, begetter, ālidu,
wālidu, ālittu, wālittu, mālittu, ālattu
parents,
abu-ummu
pardon a
sin, to make people do
work, to submit oneself, to put
pressure
upon a person, to put reciprocal pressure on each
other, to press people, to
pace off, to
walk upon, to stride,
to forgive, to defeat an enemy, to make compact,
to bother, to crush, to step
into something unclean accidentally, to step upon
something on purpose, to
stamp out a fire, to suppress noise, to full
cloth, to let time pass, to make
regulations, to come in, to exert oneself, to drop
a claim, a case, to allow to
walk about, to trample, to make a road or ramp by
compressing and stamping the
soil, to make concessions, kabāsu
part of the
lower leg of a quadruped,
*gudgudu
part,
top part, high terrain, high
land, upper or outer part, outside, insincerity,
deception, top pack,
millstone, upper millstone, penthouse, upper or
outer garment, elītu
partner,
playmate, illu
partnership
of a certain type,
itbārūtu
partnership,
to enter into a
partnership, tappûtu
partridge?
Iṣṣur ḫurri
pass along
(walking), to go
overland, to advance on or continue a journey, to
march in review, to pass by,
to elapse, to pass through, to cross, to
transgress, to go beyond or exceed, to
by-pass, avoid, to send on overland, to make pass
on or proceed, to pass
objects on, to move objects past, to hand over,
transfer, to go through with a ritual, to
allow time to elapse, cause delay,
to allow persons or boats to pass, to avert, to be
transgressed, to be
transferred, etēqu
pass the
time, ūmu
pasture
land, gabību
pasture,
meadow, part of a private house, residence
of
the enu-priest
or entu-priestess,
taboo, gipāru
password,
signal, diagram,
characteristic, feature, sign, mark,
omen, ominous, sign, inside information, notice,
acknowledgment, written proof,
ittu
patch, to
patch, to sew, kubbû
patched,
sewn, kubbû
path,
daraggu
path forming a border between fields, giridû
path, road, arhu
path, a round path circling the threshing floor,
kanagurru
path,
path (in metaphoric use),
gait, walk, steps (made by human beings, animals,
demons, etc.,), tracks, track
(as a physical feature), traces, vestiges,
approach, access, sole of the foot,
in kibis
šēpi, pressing of datesway
of acting, rite, behavior, etc., deduction,
allowance, kibsu
path, road, highway, trip, journey, travel,
business trip, venture,
caravan, business capital, military campaign,
expedition, raid, expeditionary
force, army, corvée work, service unit, times
(math term), ḫarrānu
path, road, journey, caravan, business trip,
military campaign,
expeditionary force, march, travel provisions,
girru
path,
to lay out a path, giridû
paving
block of a yard, wall or other
construction, facing, embankment, dam,
kisirtu
pavement,
to make a pavement, to lay
across, to block, dam a river, kesēru
pay, to
pay, to pay in full, to be
paid, eṭēru
pay or
deliver in full, to hold
together, give in full, to be settled, used up, to be annihilated, ruined, to
spend, to concentrate, to
encompass, to possess in full, finish, to finish,
to bring to an end, to
control, to annihilate, to use up, to settle, to
use one’s full strength, to
render a final verdict, to cause to spend, to be
brought to an end, gamāru
payment, a
kind of payment, or
present, išumaka
payment, a
type of payment or
gift, kalwašše
payment, an
additional payment,
present or offering, kīnajātu
payment (cash), ḫīṭu
payment
collection, isirtu
payment due,
išru
payment in
kind for services or taxes,
rent payment, team of workmen or experts, troop,
contingent of soldiers, knot
made for magic purposes, joint of the human or
animal body, a feature of the
exta, anger, wrath, structure, bond (of a
mountain, wall), mountain fastness,
concentration, strength, joint, node, knot of a
plant, section of a text or
region, possessions, treasures, stricture of the
alimentary canal, obstruction
in a canal, lump, meterorite?, clasp, handle, an
astronomical term, kiṣru
payment, to
demand payment, join, to
be joined, tie objects together, to paralyze limbs
and parts of the body, bond,
to bond bricks or blocks of stone, to bind, to
bind hands and feet, to bind
magically, arrest a person, to put a person in
fetters, to be fettered, kasû
peace,
to keep the peace, sulmu-a’
peace,
to make peace, salīmu
pear,
pear tree, kamiššaru
pear tree,
angašu
pebble,
eye-shaped pebble (of precious
stone), wheel hub, net
interstice, hole (of a kiln), eye, bubble, spring,
īnu
pebble,
stone treated in a specific
way, galālu
pebble,
stone vessel, išqillatu
pectoral,
dudittu
pectoral,
breast, breastbone, breast
strap (of a harness), chest, scute (of a snake), a
type of song, irtu
pedestal
base (for a statue, a cult
object, an architectural feature made of stone,
metal, brick, precious stones,
etc., often inscribed), raised platform for cultic
purposes, a poetic term for
nether world), kigallu
pedestal, seat, gišgallu
pedestal,
socle, footstool,
threshing board, a part of the liver, kilzappu
peg,
guršu
peg or
dowel, kaksallû
peg,
stake, irru
peg, wooden
peg, itkû
Pegasus,
the constellation Pegasus,
a unit of measurement, ikû
pellet,
pill, kupatinnu
pellet, to
form a pellet, pill,
suppository, compact?, to
become
compact, to compress?, to make hail?, kupputu
pen for
small cattle, ḫadiru
penetrate
into, trace, search, to
survey, examine, watch over, to take care of, to
explore, investigate, to
weight out, pay, ḫâṭu
penetrate,
to invade, to come (of
taxes or months), to enter, to enter, to enter
into the king or god’s presence,
to return, to arrive, to go home, to bring
something to enter a house, city,
erēbu
penis,
išaru
penthouse,
top part, high terrain,
high land, upper or outer part, outside,
insincerity, deception, top pack,
millstone, upper millstone, upper or outer
garment, elītu
people?
Ammu
people,
etebranni, ḫammu
people,
human being, somebody,
anybody, mankind, the human species, amīlūtu
perfect,
(describing gods, kings,
etc., and certain animals as perfect specimens,
used exclusively as a poetic
term), noble, equal in size, rank,
etc., gitmālu
perfect,
noble, adj.,
gittamlu
perform, to
perform in various disguises,
to be abundant, kapāšu
performer
of cultic games, plays,
dances, and music, actor, kurgarrû
performer
using various disguises,
kāpišu
perfume,
a perfume, eliu
perfume
flask of stone, imbu’u
perfume or
spice, jaruttu
perfumed
oil, igulû
perfumed
oil small container, ḫuburnu
perfume,
plant used in the preparation of perfume,
jarburānu
perfume
substance, used in making
perfume, asānītu
perish,
to become missing or lost,
vanish, to
disappear, to escape, to
flee, to make disappear, cause a loss, to help
escape, to cause losses, to
destroy, ḫalāqu
permanency,
stability, loyalty,
correct measure, correct behavior, justice, truth,
kīnātu
permanent,
dārānu
permanent,
constant, plain,
regular, normal, kajānu
permanent,
ordinary, normal,
customary, standard, ginû
permanent
status of property,
continuity, dūru
permit
(said of gods), to proceed,
act, to act, be active, is, happens, to treat
person or thing, build,
construct, manufacture, to practice witchcraft,
perform a divination, a ritual,
to plant, to cultivate, epēšu
Persian
official, gitepatu
person,
disloyal, untruthful,
person, kīnātu
person from
outside a town, kīdu, in
ša kīdi
person,
honored person, karūbu
person,
just person, kittu, in ša
kitti
person,
luckless person, ilu, in bēl
ili
person of
low status, dunnamā-amēlu,
dunnamû
person of
servile status attached to a
household, menial, doing agricultural and
other work under supervision,
person of equal social status, comrade, colleague,
kinattu
person of
undetermined status, ikīšu
person
performing a specific religious
act, describing a deity represented as
making a gesture of adoration,
kāribu
person
scarred with burns, a type of
heater, išātu, in sa išāti
person,
short person, short (in time
or size), kurû
person
under the obligation of
delivering iškaru,
iškaru, in bēl
iškari
person,
unhappy person, ilu, in bēl
la ili
person,
untruthful, disloyal,
person, kīnātu
person who
locks things, eddēlu
person with
a big chest, irtānû
person with
a disease, ḫaḫītu, in ša
ḫaḫītim
person with
a physical defect, adj.,
ḫašša’u
person with
a prominent “snout,” ḫuṭṭimānu
person with
an assigned task,
iškaru, in ša iškari
person with
curled hair, kezru
personal
attendant, groom,
herdsman?, kizû
personnel
foreman, kianttu, in ša
pan kinatti
person’s
effigy, for magical purposes,
made of reeds, gisandudû
pertain, to
pertain to property, to a
right, etc., to seize (said of diseases,
evil spirits, misfortunes, etc.),
to seize, to surprise (in the act), to arrest a
fugitive, a criminal, to be
victorious, to defeat an enemy, to conquer a
country, a city, to find, to be
sufficient, to approach ( a person, an authority),
with a claim, a
complaint, to
amount to, to
reach, to reach and equal in value, arrive
(said of a moment in time), to capture an enemy,
to obtain a wish, knowledge,
good health, luck, a friend, to attain old age, to
win a case, to obtain
possession of objects, merchandise, etc., to get
hold of (in various shades of
meaning), to finish completely, to chase away,
pursue, to drive away, drive
into exile, to disinherit, to drive away evil
spirits, to remove sins, etc., to
make a journey, to drive (horses), to approach
someone, to defeat an enemy, to
conquer, to raid, to make prisoner, to send,
kašādu
perturbed,
in a perturbed mood,
hurriedly, dulluḥiš
perverse,
twisted, crossed, crooked,
egru
pest,
type of performer, ākilu
pestle,
esittu
perpetual,
lasting, durable,
enduring, everlasting, dārû
perverse,
to twist, become twisted,
cross, confused, maneuver for a position, to
feint, stumble, hobble, egēru
pharmaceutical,
medical,
preparation, ḫibṣu
philandering,
ālikūtu
physician,
asû, jasû
physician
chief, asû, in rab asî,
azugallu
physician’s
scalpel or lancet,
karzillu
pieces, to
pieces, adv., išḫilṣiš
pierce,
to sting, to insert into a
center, to become severed, dakāšu
pierced,
dakšu
pick up,
to collect, gather to
oneself, pluck and gather, ḫamāmu
pig-like,
huzīrānu
pigsty,
dam of reeds, irritu
pile of
sheaves (on a harvest field),
shock, kurullu
pill,
pellet, kupatinnu
pill, to form a pill, pellet, suppository,
compact?, to become compact, to compress?,
to make hail?, kupputu
pin of the
yoke, kilsukku
pinch,
to pinch off
clay, garāṣu
pinch,
to pinch off clay, to pinch off, to
break off (a piece of wood,
cane, a bone, etc.,), to break up a herd, to
stampede, to slander, karāṣu
pinched off,
unformed matter (clay,
dough, etc.), fetus, kirṣu
pipe, to
pipe, to wheeze, ḫalālu
piping,
adj., (of a flute), ḫālilu
philander,
to philander ālikūtu
pidgeon,
a type of pidgeon, amuršanu
pile,
to pile up bricks, amāru
pile up,
to heap up, to spread dates
for sorting, to add (as a math term), to
accumulate, to have in store, to be
heaped up, accumulated, to be heaped up (said of
ruin mounds [tumuli] and corpses),
kamāru
pile up,
to store, to keep, karamu
pin, metal
pin, hair clasp, kirissu
pinecone,
išpurnatu
pitfall,
ḫuballu, ḫubaltu, ḫubullu
pious,
diety, to think of a deity =
to heed a diety, to think of a person (said of
gods and kings = to care for, to
be mindful of, remember, to be mindul of
something, to listen to somebody, to
refer to something/somebody, to refer to
something/somebody, to mention, to be
intelligent, understanding, to plan, to remind, to
study, investigate, to
worry, to remind, to give information, to pay
attention, to be concerned,
worried, ḫasāsu
piously,
carefully, benevently,
well, damqiš
pit,
ḫabbu
pit,
clay pit, issû
pit,
grave, hole, ḫaštu
pitcher,
kapparnu
pitchfork,
ḫarwaraḫḫu
pits or
cavities laden area,
locality characterized by pits or cavities, ḫudādu
stationed,
to prepare for burial,
gather, to gather animals and objects, to gather
in barley, assemble, to be
gathered, to be assembled, assemble persons, to
collect, to bring in (barley,
persons, animals, documents or objects), to place,
to be finished, kamāsu
place,
mourning rites place, place used,
destined or fit for mouring
rites, kihullu
place,
same place or region,
ašarimma
place,
site, location, building,
sacred place, etc., ašru
place, to
place parts of a construction
in correct position, to be firm in place, to
assign a person to a position,
an office, assign good fortune a calamity, etc.,
to assign fields, houses,
staples, etc., to levy taxes, to lay out a
watercourse, a boundary, to erect a
wall, a building, a city, to
establish the foundation of a building, to
establish regular deliveries and
offerings, etc., to establish laws, regulations,
rituals, fame, to set up a
stela, a boundary stone, an inscription, an image, to
establish (in math and astronomy),
reliable, be loyal, to be well disciplined,
correct, to place an object correctly or in
a specific place (said of
ritual and votive objects, of tablets, food, and
other objects), honest,
endure, to remain in effect, to last, to be secure
(said of a foundation), a
rule, a position, to remain stationary (said of
planets), to remain
quantitatively constant, to impose tribute, a
fine, to organize, to put in
order, to grant, to maintain and preserve the
rule, the life of a person, the
safety of an object, the permanence of a city,
etc., to testify, to make a
statement as a witness, to act as a witness, to
establish as true by means of
witnesses, to confirm, to certify, to be
confirmed, kânu
place, to
put an object in place, to
set, to set up, to lay a foundation,
to throw, cast, etc., karāru
plain,
edinu
plain,
regular, normal, permanent,
constant, kajānu
plan,
design, borderline, iṣratu
plan,
formula, kainimakku
plan of a
building, model,
archetype, magic circle, gišḫuru
plan of
destiny, iṣiru
plan,
outline of a building,
territory, boundary, kisurrû
plan,
stratagem, ḫimiltu
plan,
to be intelligent,
understanding, to listen to somebody, to
refer to something/somebody, to be mindful of,
remember, to be mindul of
something, care for, to think of a person (said of
gods and kings = to care
for, to be pious, diety, to think of a deity = to
heed a diety, to think of a
person (said of gods and kings = to care for, to
mention, to remind, to study,
investigate, to worry, to give information, to pay
attention, to be concerned,
worried, ḫasāsu
plan,
make plans, account? to wish?
keṣēpu
planned,
well-planned, adj., kitpudu
plan, to
plan, to plot, to devise,
to take care of, to make a plot, to make someone
plot, kapādu
plans,
wishes, kipdū
plant, a
climbing plant, imḫur-ešrā
plant, a
domesticated plant,
kakkussu
plant,
a drug, galgaltu
plant,
a plant and dye made from a
plant or its parts, ḫūratu
plant,
a plant, abijaru, abijuru,
arūnu, anameru, amultu, adārānu, alluzu, arzallu,
arzazu, girgiru, girgisu
plant,
a plant, abukkatu, bukkatu,
dadâ, dukdumu, elapû, ensû, epitatu, esû, gammiš,
gingiru
plant,
a plant, adamatu, ammaštakal,
aralaš, ardadillu, āribānu, adiššu, apūtu, ar’abu,
amuzinnu
plant,
a plant, azumu, dimmigirru,
edēna, ēlilu, ellat eqli, ellibu, elpû, enanu,
enirḫi,
enunūtu
plant,
a plant, gungu, gurgurru, ḫabarānu,
ḫabšallurḫu, ḫalbukkatu, ḫandabtu, ḫaraziuš,
ḫarganu
plant,
a plant, ḫarmunu, ḫaṣuttu, ḫašânu,
ḫašḫūrakku, ḫašimbur, ḫarambi, ḫašūtu, ḫazannu,
ḫazarinnu
plant,
a plant, ḫazzabatu, ḫibri
inbi, ḫispu, ḫubīdu, ḫubūru, ḫu’immu, ḫurādu,
ḫurmu, ḫurnû, ḫurṣatu
plant,
a plant, ibītu, ija’umaš,
illat eqli, iptu, ipšur-līme, janzu, kabaltu,
kabittigaizu, kadišeru, kalbānu
plant,
a plant, kallammeḫu, kallaṣūdi,
kamantu, kamkadu, kanipānu, kanirḫu, kaširû,
katimeṣi, kazabu,
plant,
a plant, kazallu, kazalluḫu,
kidadabru, kipnu, kudkuddu, kujātu, kulīlānu,
kupatu, kurabdu, kurbasi
plant,
a plant, kurdinnu, kūṣi
plant,
a plant, iṣṣūru, in šammi
iṣṣūrī
plant,
a plant, a breed of sheep,
gugūtu
plant a
field, etc., to be planted,
seeded, cultivate, to put under cultivation, seed
with a seeder plow, erēšu
plant, a
garden plant, ananiḫu,
edible, aspastu, azupīru, ḫamuk, ḫassuḫaltu,
jarqānu, kanašû
plant, a
garden plant producing a
condiment, kanašuttu
plant, a
kind of salt or lye obtained from a plant, kuddimmu
plant, a
legume, appānu, kiššanu
plant, a
plant, a fruit tree, ḫabbaququ
plant, a plant, curl, fringe, kaziru
plant, a
plant in culinary and medical
use, karkartu
plant,
a plant of the briar group, ḫandašpiru
plant, a
plant or its seed, kullānu
plant,
a plant, thick piece of reed, log,
kūru
plant, a
plant used for food, ḫallamaštu
plant,
a pungent garden plant, kunipḫu
plant, a
spice plant (native),
specifically, its pungent seeds, kasû
plant, a
thorny plant, amumeštu, egû,
ḫaḫīnu, ḫiššānu, kalû
plant, a
thorny, ill-smelling plant,
daddaru
plant, a
wild plant, ḫaṣṣu
plant, a
wild plant used for
medicinal purposes, atartu
plant,
aquatic plant,
(of Urartu?) akak nāri
plant,
aquatic plant, amājû
plant,
aquatic plant, swamp
containing such plants, ḫammu
plant,
aromatic plant, jarzibnu, kukru
plant,
edible plant, indaḫšu
plant,
goddess of the field, ilat
eqli
plant,
insect, a female demon, ḫallulaja
plant,
insect, dajae, ilqitu
plant,
(lit., apple of the swamp), ḫašḫūr-api/abi
plant,
medicinal, ēdu, in šammu ēdu,
imḫur-līmu
plant,
medicinal, aktam, atkam,
ararû, atappû, azallû, aprušu, urzanikkatu,
ašarmadu, ašdānu, aškadu, plant,
medicinal, elkulla, amhara,
amīlānu, ankinutu, guzû, ḫaḫû, ḫaltappānu,
ḫazallūnu, ḫirīṣu, jabuṭu
plant,
medicinal, kamullu, kana’u,
kanzu, kassibu, kudimēru, kukkānītu, kumāḫu,
kurkānû, kusīpu
plant,
medicinal, a
bird, butterfly, kurṣiptu
plant,
medicinal and spicy plant,
azupirānu
plant,
medicinal, clod of earth,
lump of salt, stone, metal or slag, kirbānu
plant,
medicinal, designation of a
stone charm, kakkusakku
plant,
medicinal herb, armēdu
plant,
medicinal, (Lit. fox grape),
karān šēlibi
plant,
medicinal plant, (lit. looking
like kudimēru),
kudimērānu
plant,
mushroom, ka’u
plant,
medicinal plant of the
cucurbitaceae family, possibly the
colocynth, irrû
plant
or stone, ašgikû
plant or
tree, ḫudḫummu
plant,
ordeal by water, the place of the
ḫuršānu ordeal, ḫuršānu
plant,
probably a weed, (lit.
shepherd’s staff), ḫaṭṭu rē’i
plant,
sea, jamu
plant,
to cultivate, happens, is,
build, construct, manufacture, to practice
witchcraft, treat person or thing,
perform a divination, a ritual, to permit (said of
gods), to proceed, act, to
act, be active, epēšu
plant, to
plant trees, to bind, to
make a furrow, ḫarāšu
plant used
in the preparation of perfume,
jarburānu
plant with
a red flower and berry,
fruit berry or flower of reddish color, rouge
(cosmetic), illuru
plant
yielding seeds used as a spice,
ḫašû
plantation,
seedling, erištu
plate,
metal plate, wooden board,
dappu
platform,
raised platform for cultic
purposes, pedestal base (for a statue, a
cult object, an architectural
feature made of stone, metal, brick, precious
stones, etc., often inscribed), a
poetic term for nether world), kigallu
platform,
wooden platform or stand,
karû
platform
in a cella, dû
platter for
a type of sacrifice and the
sacrifice, kapru
platter
or bowl, kāru
playmate,
partner, illu
plead, to
plead, ḫanû
plead,
negotiate, litigate, recite,
relate, talk, to tell, speak, come to agreement,
complain, dabābu
please,
ibb ȋ
please!
It is urgent! Apputtu
please,
to act so as to please,
save, to spare,
to come to an
agreement, to make mutual concessions, to perform
a kind act, to be obliging,
gamālu
pleasant,
adj., ḫadû
pleasure
garden, kirimāḫu
pledge, erubātu
pledge,
divorce money, balance,
rest, remainder, ezibtu
pledge to a
diety (money or goods
pledged by a vow to a deity), benediction,
blessing, prayer, ikribu
plot of
land, irmû
plot or
type of soil, išdaḫḫu
plot, to
plot, to make a plot, to make someone
plot, to plan, to devise, to take
care of, kapādu
plot evil,
to set up a battle array,
to prepare for battle, to make regulations, to
form a herd of animals, to
assemble, assemble a body of soldiers into a
military formation,
organize, strengthen, to repair, to give
relief, to compose a text, collect, construct, to
construct buildings, etc.,
join, to tie, bind together, to organize a group,
a country, to cluster,
gather, concentrate, make compact, to work for
wages, to become joined, put together,
to tie together, to surround with a fence or net,
to fortify, to prepare for
battle, to compact, to make ready for battle, to
concentrate, to join together,
to make ready for battle, to make ready, to
gather, to be tied, bound together,
kaṣāru
plow, a
leather part of the plow,
female dog, bitch, kalbatu
plow, a
part of the plow, exta, cap
(name of a part of the exta, especially the apical
lobe of the lung), cap of a
seal, headdress, cap, name of a bird, lit., my cap
is multicolored, a part of
the human body, kubšu
plow, a
special kind of plow, field
plowed with the ḫarbu
plow, ḫarbu
plow official, official in charge of the plows,
ḫarbu, in rab ḫarbi
plow
seeding apparatus, ittû
plow, to
plow, *ḫarāšu
plow master,
epinnu, in rab epinni
plow part,
a truss of the seeder
plow, da’tu
plow part
or part of a chariot,
month name, saddle, rule, royal property and
service, throne, a feature of the
exta, dominion, chair, sedan chair, kussû
plow part,
(resembles the bird
asumatānu?) asumatu
plow part
that is ring-shaped,
girgiltu
plow part,
top part of the plow,
ingu
plow share,
emû
plow share
and chariot part, kissu
plowed field, epinnu, in bīt epinni
plowing, agricultural work, ikkarūtu
plowing, ox
used for plowing,
leading ox, ox driver, kullizu
plowman,
ērišu
plowman,
farm laborer, farmer, small
farmer (of a larger organization), farm bailiff,
overseer, plow animal, ikkaru
pluck, to
pluck, ḫuttupu
pluck and
gather, to gather to
oneself, to collect, pick up, ḫamāmu
pluck out
hair, ḫasāpu
plumage,
quill, wing, frond, arm,
hand, list, lobe of the lung, side part of a horse
bit, armrest, the region of
the eyebrow, the eyelid and the eyelashes, kappu
plump,
thick, fat, fattened, large, kabru
pod,
kabû
point,
*iddu
point, to
point out, to show, to
produce a person, a document, to show somebody the
peg driven in a field (as
legal act accompanying the transfer of a field),
to show an item to be
accounted for, to assign, to offer to a god, to
reveal (something hidden), to
expose to the sun, to disclose, reveal, explain,
exhibit, to show an (ominous)
sign, to advise, to instigate, to teach, to
instruct, to give an order, to show
a particular mood or attitude, to make someone
experience prosperity, hardship,
to be shown, offered, to become exposed, to show,
to reveal, to disclose, to
produce, to grant, to show, to disclose, kullumu
pointed,
eddu
pointed,
to be or become pointed, to
act quickly, edēdu
poison,
poisonous foam, slaver
produced from
the mouth of angry gods,
demons, humans and animals, spittle, imtu
pole, a
pole, gazimānu
polished,
shining, lustrous, clean,
pure (religiously), holy, trustworthy, proper,
ebbu
polluted,
irregular, impure,
abnormal, unjust, unjustly treated, unfortunate,
impotent, isaru, in išaru
pond,
pool, jarru
pond,
water hole, jarḫu
pool,
pond, jarru
poor,
ašišû
poor,
destitute, katû
poor,
powerless, dependent, isānû,
in la išānû
poor,
to become poor, muškēnūtu
poorer, to
become poorer, katû
poplar,
a variety of poplar, ildakku
portico,
appatu, in bit appāti[1]
portion,
apšītu
portion,
lot, ešqu
possibly,
there is, yes, ibašši
position of
the arms of a mother to
cradle a small child, hold, kirimmu
position,
position of a territorial ruler,
position of the holder of the iššakku
title, iššakkūtu
position,
to establish an important
position, takbittu
possessions,
section of a text or
region, structure, mountain fastness, bond (of a
mountain, wall), anger,
feature of the exta, joint of the human or animal
body, payment in kind for
services or taxes, rent payment, team of workmen
or experts, troop, contingent
of soldiers, knot made for magic purposes, wrath,
concentration, strength,
joint, node, knot of a plant, treasures, stricture
of the alimentary canal,
obstruction in a canal, lump, meterorite?, clasp,
handle, an astronomical term,
kiṣru
posterior
or waist, ilku
posterity,
progeny, ahrūtu
posterity,
descendance, child, darku
pot, a pot, *ḫabaṣu, kirippu
pot, double
pot, grave matter,
important, main body of an army, an euphemism for
the left hand, kabittu
pot,
earthen container, a measure,
one fourth of the naruqqu,
karpatu
pot, like a
pot, karpāniš
pot, like a pot or potsherd, adv., ḫaṣbattiš
pot, small
pot, shell, formed clay,
potsherd, rind, ḫaṣbu
pot, small
pot, shell, sherd, ḫaṣbattu
potash,
alkali, idrānu
potsherd,
ḫaṣabtu, išḫilṣu
potsherd,
small pot, shell, formed
clay, rind, ḫaṣbu
potstand,
metal potstand or
structure to support containers with pointed
bottoms, wooden rack (or
similar installation for storing
earthen containers, as part of the equipment of a
trade), as structure over a
well, a small container, usually of stone or
precious metal, kannu
potstand,
storeroom for beer,
ganganu
potstand,
root of plants or parts of
the body and the exta, lower extremities, base,
foundation of a building, wall,
gate, etc., base of a tree, foundation
of
a reign, government, administrative or political
reorganization (of a country
or city), discipline of an army, social status or
position, support, assurance
of continuation of a family, bottom (of the
interior of a container or of the
exterior of an object), stance, horizon, damp
course, išdu
potter,
jaṣiruma
potter’s
clay, kullatu
poultry,
bird, a bird-shaped rhyton,
bird (as a technical term in extispicyreferring to
a bird-shaped grouping), iṣṣūru
pour out,
to heep, tabāku
poverty,
destitution, katûtu
power,
fortune, emblem, special
qualification, share (a portion of land, or booty,
income from a secular or a
temple office, property, lot, portion, assigned by
lot, lot, isqu
power,
might, physical strength,
totality, kiššūtu
power,
strength (physical), force,
violence, severity, fort, fortified house and
area, foundation, depth, firm
ground, bedrock, lump, dunnu
powerful,
isānû
powerful,
mighty, essential,
dangerous, difficult, great, grave, fortified,
fierce, binding, heavy, hard,
solid, strong,
thick, massive, steady,
loud, legitimate, reliable, savage, serious,
obstinate, bad, tyrannical, harsh,
urgent, imperative, pressing, dannu
powerful,
strong, adj., kapkapu
powerful to
become all powerful, to
concentrate troops, to show oneself superior in
strength, to view with one
another, gašāru
powerless,
akūtu, makutu
powerless,
lean, weak, enšu
powerless,
poor, dependent, isānû,
in la išānû
powerless,
weak, ikû
practice,
to practice, li’šu
praise,
glory, fame, dalīlu
praise,
to praise, narbû
praise, to
pronounce formulas of praise,
adoration, homage and greeting, to pronounce
formulas of blessing (said of gods
and divine powers and manifestations), to invoke
blessings upon other persons
for a specific purpose, before the images of the
gods, to pray to the gods, to
make the gesture of adoration or greeting, to
dedicate an offering by
pronouncing the relevant formulas, karābu
praise,
to sing praise, tanīdu
pray, to
pray, ask for mercy, enēnu
pray, to pray to the gods, to dedicate an
offering by pronouncing the relevant
formulas, to pronounce formulas of greeting,
homage, adoration, praise, and to
pronounce formulas of blessing
(said of gods and divine powers and
manifestations), to invoke blessings upon
other persons for a specific purpose, before the
images of the gods, to make
the gesture of adoration or greeting, karābu
prayer,
blessing, karābu
prayer,
pledge to a diety (money or
goods pledged by a vow to a deity), benediction,
blessing, ikribu
prayer,
to recite niš
qāti prayer, nīš qāti
prayer to
Ŝamas, cultic
place dedicated to Ŝamas,
kiutakku
prayer,
word for prayer, atnu or adnu
prayerful
person, ikribu, in ša
ikribi
prebend,
goldsmith prebend, kutimmūtu
prebend,
prebend of the kurgarrû,
art of the kurgarrû,
kurgarrûtu
precepts,
instruction, knowledge, iḫzu
precious
object, arapšannu, ḫampatali,
ḫillaru
precious
material, ḫulūmu
precious
metal object, ḫittu
precious
metal package, riksu
precious
oil, iḫenunnakku
precious
stone, a precious stone, ḫilibû,
ḫulālu
precious
stone, garment, ehlipakku
precious
stone, sumptuous garment,
illūku
precious,
valuable, aqqaru
precipitation
or rain, rain, kaṣāṣu
pregnant,
to be pregnant, to
conceive, to impregnate, erû
pregnant
woman or animal, erītu
premature
or stillborn child,
monstrous shape, a demon, kūbu
prematurely, promptly, ḫamuṭ
prepare, to
prepare for burial,
gather, to gather animals and objects, to gather
in barley, assemble, to be
gathered, to be assembled, assemble persons, to
collect, to bring in (barley,
persons, animals, documents or objects),
stationed, to place, to be finished,
kamāsu
prescribe, instruct,
inform, to
know, understand, to be understood, to be
recognizable (said of stars) ḫakāmu
present,
gift, bribe, offering,
kadrû
present oneself, napištu
present
or a kind of payment,
išumaka
present
or offering, an additional
payment, kīnajātu
present,
sitting, tenant, living in
a house, inhabitant of town, ašbu
present,
to give a present, šeriktu
present, to
make a present, bestow,
gêsu
presents
(to a god or king), import duty,
income, gifts, offering,
amount, irbu
press for
payment due, collect, to
put a person under pressure, to collect tribute,
to be collected, esēru
press hard,
treat harshly, to be
thrown down, to trample upon, throw over or back,
darāsu
press,
to squeeze out, to clean by
combing, ḫalāṣu
pressing of
dates, sole of the foot,
in kibis
šēpi, access, approach,
vestiges, traces, tracks, track (as a physical
feature), steps (made by human
beings, animals, demons, etc.,), walk, gait, path,
path (in metaphoric use),
way of acting, rite, behavior, etc., deduction,
allowance, kibsu
pressed out
(said of sesame seeds)
obtained by ḫalaṣu
(said of oil)
etc., combed (said of flax), adj., ḫalṣu
pressing,
powerful, mighty,
essential, dangerous, difficult, great, grave,
fortified, fierce, binding, heavy,
hard, solid, strong,
thick, massive,
steady, loud, legitimate, reliable, savage,
serious, obstinate, bad,
tyrannical, harsh, urgent, imperative, dannu
pressure,
to put pressure upon a person,
to put reciprocal pressure on each other, to press
people, to pace off, to
walk upon, to stride, to forgive,
pardon a sin, to defeat an enemy, to make compact,
to bother, to crush, to step
into something unclean accidentally, to step upon
something on purpose, to make
people do work, to stamp out a fire, to suppress
noise, to full cloth, to let
time pass, to make regulations, to come in, to
exert oneself, to drop a claim,
a case, to allow to walk about, to trample, to
make a road or ramp by
compressing and stamping the soil, to make
concessions, to submit oneself,
kabāsu
prevail,
to triumph, ḫabātu
prevent,
to distrain, keep in
custody, in confinement, hold
back a
person, delay, to detain, to hinder, to withhold,
refuse goods, merchandise,
deliveries, to keep, withhold a document, a
tablet, to deny a wish, a request,
to withhold a document, tablet, to deny a wish,
request, to withhold tribute,
gifts, to stop, detain, delay a boat, to cut off,
deny water for irrigation, to
retain food, urine, etc., to block progress, a
road, to check an animal, to
reserve, to place at someone’s disposal, to keep
available, to finish, to bring
to an end, to stop, interrupt doing something, to
come to an end, to be
finished, to cease to be delayed with negation, to
do something without
ceasing, without delay, immediately, to stop
repeatedly, to hold up, to hold
back, to cause to detain, to keep someone from
doing something, to hinder, to
stop, to cause to stop, to hold back, to be held
back, to be delayed (referring
to persons), to be confined, to be retained, to be
withheld (referring to
objects), to be finished, to be closed, to remain,
to stay, to be kept away, to
cease, to stop, to linger behind, kalû
previously,
promptly, adv., hamutta
price of a
unit of merchandise,
trading station, community of merchants, city
quarter destined for traders and
sailors, harbor, harbor district, mooring place,
quay-wall, embankment, karû
prick,
goad, karallu
priest,
a pašīšu-priest alternating in office,
guduballû
priest,
a pašīšu-priest of high rank, gudapsû
priest,
a pašīšu-priest, not officiating,
taken out of the succession,
guduballatae
priest,
a priest, abriqqu, edamû,
kumru
priest,
a minor pašīšu-priest alternating in office,
guduballaturrû
priest, a
type of purification priest,
išibkigallu, išibmaššugallu
priest,
chief of the lamentation priests,
chief singer of dirges in the temple, kalamāḫu
priest,
chief purification priest,
išibgallu
priest,
craft of a purification priest,
išippūtu
priest,
high priest, lord, ruler,
high priestess, ēnu
priest,
high priest, to appoint a
high priest, našūt ēni
priest,
high priest, to be a high
priest, šangûtu
priest,
lamentation-priest, kalû
priest,
lowly, abru, aplu
priest,
purification priest, išippu
priestess,
elâtu, gubabtu, kumirtu
priestess,
class of priestesses, igiṣītu
priestess,
designation of a priestess
(lit. daughter of the god), ilu, in mārat ili
priestess,
high priestess, ēntu
priestess,
high priestess, high
priest, lord, ruler, ēnu
priestess,
office of the high priestess,
lordship, ēnūtu
priestess,
or priest, ennigû
priest’s
collegium, abrūtu
priests,
class of priests of low
status (concerned with the
preparation of food offerings), kiništu
prince
(a Kassite word) andaš
prince,
lord, etellu
prince
or princess, igû
prince,
to be a crown prince, mār
šarrūti
princess,
or prince, igû
prison,
kišeršu
prison,
imprisonment, ḫušaurūtu
prison
chief, kīlu, in rab bīt kīli
prison
official, kīlu, in ša bīt
kīli
prison,
place of detainment, kīlu,
in bīt kīli
prisoner,
abku
prisoner, a
released or runaway, ḫabtu
prisoner,
captive, kalû
prisoner, jailed man, kīlu,
in ša
kīli
prisoner of
war, acquisition,
assets, booty, conquest, seizure (by a disease,
demons), kišittu
prisoner of
war, robbery, booty,
loot, captive, ḫubtu
prisoner,
to become a prisoner,
asīrūtu
private
room, cella, kummu
privilege,
to grant a privilege, do
a favor, enēnu
priviledged
status (of city or temple
personnel), kidinnūtu
proceed,
to be fitted out correctly,
justice, to provide justice, dispatch, send,
insure the correct performance of
a ritual, to make do the right thing, thrive, to
prosper, to inject an enema, clear
up, to give birth easily, to
charge (an enemy), straighten up, to go
straight toward, to thrive, to prosper, to be or
become all right, to move the
bowels, to proceed, to move straight ahead, to
cause to move along a straight
or correct course to prepare, to march on, to put
or keep in good order, to set
aright, to give correct decisions, to advance
against, to become successful, to
be put in order, ešēru
proceed,
to make pass on or proceed,
advance on or continue a journey, to march in
review, to go through with a
ritual, avert, transfer, to be transferred, to
transgress, to be transgressed,
to go beyond or exceed, to by-pass, avoid, move
objects past, go overland,
elapse, to cross, pass along (walking), to pass
by, to pass through, to send on
overland, to pass objects on, to hand over, to
allow time to elapse, cause
delay, to allow persons or boats to pass, etēqu
proceed,
to permit (said of gods),
act, to act, be active, is, happens, to treat
person or thing, build, construct,
manufacture, to practice witchcraft, perform a
divination, a ritual, to plant,
to cultivate, epēšu
proclamation,
(Hurrian word,
kirenzi)
prodigal,
to be prodigal, to live on
a lavish scale, ripšu
produce,
abundant yield, vulva, ḫiṣbu
produce of
a field, yield, storage
bin or jar, išpikū
produce, to
produce a person, to
point out, to show a document, to
show somebody the peg driven in a field (as legal
act accompanying the transfer
of a field), to show an item to be accounted for,
to assign, to offer to a god,
to reveal (something hidden), to expose to the
sun, to disclose, reveal,
explain, exhibit, to show an (ominous) sign, to
advise, to instigate, to teach,
to instruct, to give an order, to show a
particular mood or attitude, to make
someone experience prosperity, hardship, to be
shown, offered, to become
exposed, to show, to reveal, to disclose, to
produce, to grant, to show, to
disclose, kullumu
produce
unnatural sounds, azû
product in
multiplication, arû
productive,
bearing (said of a
tree), adj., ḫānibu
products,
finished products,
materials or supplies for workmen, work assigned
to be performed, staples or
materials to be delivered, a kind of tax, field on
which i-work is to be performed, iškaru
profession,
apillû
profession,
a profession (Hurrian words:
arnurḫelu, aššalluḫlu), ḫupirririša,
kerku
profession,
a profession, ēbilu, eleštiḫuri,
(foreign word, gelzulimma), ḫamdû,
ḫanatu, ḫudliš, ḫumāja
profession,
a profession, kāṣiranupši,
(Hurrian word, kutadubḫuḫlu), kutturu
profession
or class, eduinu, (Hurrian words:
elamiḫuru, el’ue,
girisu-akarrānu), ḫaršultannu, ḫattaššu,
ḫelginiwû, ḫattārû, ḫindu, ḫulālû, ḫummānu,
(Hurrian word, ḫušatabrû)
profession,
a profession, ḫasapû, in ša ḫasapê
profession,
a profession, ḫubdû, in
ša ḫubdê
profession
of the ḫuppû-dancer,
ḫuppûtu
profession
or social status,
gardumu, irrazi
profession
or title, ḫapādu
profession,
social class, or
official, kussalili
profit,
grace, favor (divine) grace,
gratitude, fame, fortune, good fortune, good luck,
well-being, prosperity,
fortune, recommendation, beauty, choice thing,
treasure, darling, dumqu
profit,
prosperity, brisk and
profitable trading, išdiḫu
profit,
success, kušīru
profit, to
yield profit, to make a
profit, to make strong? kašû
profits, gain, booty, spoils, ḫimṣātu
progenitor,
ālidānu
progeny,
offspring, ildu
progeny,
posterity, aḫrūtu
prompt,
deliver promptly, reinforce,
make valid, to become strong, strengthen, to
increase, to speak severely, to
bequeath, become stronger, become even thickness,
to contend for superiority,
danānu
prompt,
dispatch, lift up, call and
dispatch soldiers, move troops into battle, arouse
from sleep, raise, clear
away, remove, move, to move to another location,
to make rise and depart, to
collect taxes, to summon officials, call up
workers, mobilize, dekû
prompt, to
be prompt, to do so with
alacrity, ḫašāšu
prompt, to
do promptly?, to have
done promptly?, to be done promptly?, to
intertwine, to become intertwined?, to
soak, to immerse, to dam (a canal or waterway),
obstruct, to have soaked,
immersed, karāku
promptly,
on time, at the right
time, adv., kallû, in ana kallê
promptly,
prematurely, ḫamuṭ
promptly,
previously, adv., hamutta
promptly, soon, without delay, arḫiš
promptly,
to send promptly, to be
quick, send quickly, to be or deliver in good
time, to hasten, to be too soon,
to do quickly, ḫamāṭu
promptness,
speed, ḫamuttu
proof,
token, idatūtu
proof,
written proof, password,
signal, diagram,
characteristic,
feature, sign, mark, omen, ominous, sign, inside
information, notice,
acknowledgment, ittu
proper,
pure (religiously),
polished, shining, lustrous, clean, holy,
trustworthy, ebbu
property
held in common by several
persons, pile of barley prepared for
storage, karû
property,
lot, portion, share (a
portion of land, or booty, income from a secular
or a temple office, assigned
by lot, lot, fortune, power, special
qualification, emblem, isqu
propitious,
to prosper, to improve,
to have good luck, fortune, to be pleasing,
embellish, be gracious, do a favor,
treat kindly, do good deeds, execute efficiently,
provide propitious omens,
damāqu
propitious,
favorable, effective,
expert, beautiful, handsome, fine, good, pleasant,
of good family, well-to-do,
well-trained, of good quality, in good condition,
gracious, canonical, damqu
proportion, (math term), fraction, igitennu
prosper,
to improve, to have good
luck, fortune, be propitious, to be pleasing,
embellish, be gracious, do a
favor, treat kindly, do good deeds, execute
efficiently, provide propitious
omens, damāqu
prosper,
prosper, to inject an
enema, clear
up, to give birth
easily, to charge (an enemy), straighten up, to
go straight toward, to thrive, to prosper,
to be or become all right, to
move the bowels, to proceed, to move straight
ahead, to cause to move along a
straight or correct course, to make do the right
thing, to prepare, to proceed,
march on, to thrive, to send, dispatch, to put or
keep in good order, to set
aright, to provide justice, to give correct
decisions, insure the correct
performance of a ritual, to advance against,
tobecome successful, to be put in
order, to be fitted out correctly, ešēru
prosper, to
prosper, išarūtu, in
išarūta alāku
prosperity,
profit, grace, favor
(divine) grace, gratitude, fame, fortune, good
fortune, good luck, well-being,
fortune, recommendation, beauty, choice thing,
treasure, darling, dumqu
prosperity,
profit, brisk and
profitable trading, išdiḫu
prosperity,
righteousness, išartu
prosperity,
to make someone experience
prosperity, to give an order, to teach, to
instruct, to instigate, exhibit,
explain, to
expose to the sun, to
become exposed, to reveal (something hidden),
reveal, to offer to a god, to
assign, to produce a person, to
point out, to show a document, to show somebody
the peg driven in a field (as
legal act accompanying the transfer of a field),
to show an item to be
accounted for, to disclose, to show an (ominous)
sign, to advise, to show a
particular mood or attitude, hardship, to be
shown, offered, to show, to
disclose, to produce, to grant, to show, kullumu
prosperous,
straight, normal,
regular, ordinary, in good condition, favorable,
fair, just, correct, loose
(said of the bowels), išaru
prostitute,
ḫarīmtu, ḫarmatu,
karkittu, kitekarû
prostitute,
a state of a prostitute,
ḫarīmūtu
prostitute
(lit. woman with curled hair,
a hair-do characteristic of a special status),
kezertu
prostitute,
to be a prostitute, to
make someone a prostitute, ḫarīmūtu
prostrated,
adj., kitmusu
protect, to
protect, ḫatānu
protection,
ḫiṣnu, ḫutnu
protection,
cover, canopy, andullu,
andillu
protection,
divine protection
(mainly for the citizens of a city), divinely
enforced security (symbolized by
a sacred insigne), kidinnu
protection,
adj., pertaining to kidinnitu-protection,
kidinnû
protective deity (daimon), luck, good
fortune, image of a deity, spirit of
a deceased child, evil
spirit,
demon, deity, god, the god, a pair of gods, ilu
protective
genius representation (with
specific non-human features), kurību
protector,
helper, kitru, in bēl
kitri
proud, tall, high, exalted, elû
proud
(deity or person), impetuous,
goring (bull), wild, kadru
proudly,
lordly, in a lordly way,
adv., etelliš
proudly,
tall, elpiš
provide,
to act as a provider or
caretaker, zāninūtu
provider,
ēpiru
provisions,
expeditionary force,
travel, business trip, caravan, journey,
march, military campaign, path, road, girru
provisions,
to prepare provisions,
șudû
prowess,
leadership (in battle),
highest rank, ašaridūtu
prowl,
to wander aimlessly, wander
about in despair, move unnaturally, move with
indifference, dâlu
prowler,
*dajālû
prowling,
dajālu
prudent,
to be prudent, said of a
woman, sanqūtu
pubic
region, elān ūri
pucker,
to contract, ḫemēru
puffed up,
to be constantly puffed up,
to become strong, heavy, to become fat, thick, to
make thick, kabāru
puffy, to
be puffy, swell (as a
symptom), to be bushy (said of hair), ḫesû
pulled,
weeded, cut up, chopped,
kasmu
punish,
to punish, enēnu
punishment,
damage, offense,
misdeed, fault, harm, act of negligence, sin,
crime, ḫiṭu
punishment,
divine punishment,
ennittu, sin, ennetu
punishment,
offense, misdeed, fine,
guilt, wrongdoing, arnu
punishment,
support,
imitta
punting
pole, gimuaššu
pure,
in a pure fashion,
brilliantly, elliš
pure
(religiously), polished,
shining, lustrous, clean, holy, trustworthy,
proper, ebbu
pure,
to become pure, become free of
debt by royal decree, to purify, make pure, keep
pure, to consecrate to a
diety, to make free, cleanse oneself, to be
purified, elēlu
pure rites,
divine garment, ella-mê
pure,
sacred, noble, free, holy,
clean, ellu
purification,
kupartu
purify by
fumigation, to exorcise,
consencrate, ḫâbu
purify,
to perform a ritual
purification, išippūtu
purify, to
purify magically, to rub,
to be rubbed, to clean objects, to smear on (a
paint or liquid), to be smeared,
to wipe off, kapāru
purity,
ellūtu
purple wool
or second quality, illû
pursue,
to disinherit, to drive
away, drive into exile, to drive away evil
spirits, to drive (horses), to
chase away, to finish completely,
to get hold of (in various shades of meaning), to
attain old age, to obtain a wish,
knowledge, good health, luck, a friend, to obtain
possession of objects,
merchandise, etc., to seize (said of diseases,
evil spirits, misfortunes,
etc.), to surprise (in the act), to arrest a
fugitive, a criminal, to be
victorious, to defeat an enemy, to conquer a
country, a city, to find, to be
sufficient, to approach ( a person, an authority),
with a claim, a
complaint, to
amount to, to
reach, to reach and equal in value, arrive
(said of a moment in time), to capture an enemy,
to win a case, to remove sins,
etc., to make a journey, to approach someone, to
defeat an enemy, to conquer,
to raid, to make prisoner, to seize, to send, to
pertain to property, to a
right, etc., kašādu
pursued,
driven out, kuššudu
pustule,
carbuncle, ember, kurāru
put, to put
an object in place, to
set, to set up, to lay a
foundation, to throw, cast, etc., karāru
put
together, work for wages, to
cluster,
gather, organize, to
organize a group, strengthen, to repair, to give
relief, to compose a text,
collect, construct, to construct buildings, etc.,
join, to tie, bind together,
assemble a body of soldiers into a military
formation, to form a herd of
animals, to make regulations, a country, to set up
a battle array, to prepare
for battle, to plot evil, concentrate, make
compact, to become joined, to tie
together, to surround with a fence or net, to
fortify, to assemble, to prepare
for battle, to compact, to assemble, to make ready
for battle, to concentrate,
to join together, to make ready for battle, to
make ready, to be tied, bound
together, kaṣāru
putrid,
to rot, arāru
pyramid,
truncated pyramid,
storehouse, storeroom, silo, a container, a box, a
vessel, specific kind of
chair, raft (kelek), excavation (as a geometrical
term), kalakku
Q
quarrel,
to
quarrel, to start a lawsuit, to be hostile, to
open up hostilities, to make
war, gerû
quay-wall,
embankment, mooring
place, harbor district, city quarter destined for
traders and sailors, harbor,
trading station, community of merchants, price of
a unit of merchandise, karû
queen,
erešu
queen,
wife of ruling king, ekallu,
in *ša ekalli
quick,
rash, adj., erhu
quick,
swift, sudden, preterit,
adj., ḫamṭu
quick,
to act quickly, pointed, to be or
become pointed, edēdu
quick, to
be quick, erēḫu
quick, to
be quick, send quickly, to
send promptly, to be or deliver in good time, to
hasten, to be too soon, to do
quickly, ḫamāṭu
quickly,
adv., ḫamittu, ḫīša
quickly,
early, adv., ḫarpiš
quickly,
immediately, suddenly,
adv., ḫantis
quickly,
speedily, adv., ḫitmuṭiš
quickly, to
move quickly, rush to a
goal, ḫâšu
quill,
wing, plumage, frond, arm,
hand, list, lobe of the lung, side part of a horse
bit, armrest, the region of
the eyebrow, the eyelid and the eyelashes, kappu
quiver,
azannu
quiver?
karimgaldu
quiver,
bow case, išpatu
quiver,
nest, egg membrane, a
meteorological phenomenon, ḫillu
quiver,
part of a quiver, illakunnu,
ilmû
quiver,
to twitch, to have a premature
emission, to be or become restless or
nervous, to be or become frightened, to fear, to
frighten, to cause trouble, to
scare away, to inspire fear, inspire awe, or
respect, galātu
R
rack, wooden rack (or similar
installation for storing earthen
containers, as part of the equipment of a trade), as
structure over a well,
metal potstand or structure to support containers
with pointed bottoms, a small
container, usually of stone or precious metal, kannu
radius and ulna (the two bones of the human
forearm), ibrētu
raft, amu
raft, a kind
of raft, *ḫalllimu
raft
(kelek), silo, truncated
pyramid, storehouse, storeroom, a container, a box,
a vessel, specific kind of
chair, excavation (as a geometrical term), kalakku
rage, to
rage, to be raging, to bare
the teeth, gnash the teeth, gaṣāṣu
rage, choking with rage, furious, ḫannāqu
raging,
adj., gaṣṣiṣu
raging,
ferocious, gaṣṣu
raging,
furious, tooth-gnashing, giṣṣiṣu
raging (lit.
with open mouth), kaduḫḫû
rags,
worn-out clothing, ḫulāqu
raid, to
conquer, plunder and
capture slaves, to make a razzia, šiḫṭu
raid, to raid, to make a journey, to approach ( a
person, an authority), with a
claim, a complaint, to approach someone, to amount
to, to
reach, to reach and equal in value, arrive
(said of a moment in time), to be sufficient, to
find, to conquer a country, a
city, to defeat an enemy, to be victorious, to
capture an enemy, to arrest a
fugitive, a criminal, to surprise (in the act), to
seize (said of diseases,
evil spirits, misfortunes, etc.), to obtain a wish,
knowledge, good health,
luck, a friend, to attain old age, to win a case, to
obtain possession of
objects, merchandise, etc., to get hold of (in
various shades of meaning), to
finish completely, to chase away, pursue, to drive
away, drive into exile, to
disinherit, to drive away evil spirits, to remove
sins, etc., to drive
(horses), to defeat an enemy, to conquer, to make
prisoner, to seize, to send,
to pertain to property, to a right, etc., kašādu
rail,
fence, kutlu
rain, or
another form of
precipitation, kaṣāṣu
rain water
incline, for shedding rain
water, kinšu
raise,
clear away, remove, move, to
move to another location, , to make rise and depart,
to arouse from sleep,
collect taxes, to summon officials, call up workers,
mobilize, lift up, call
and dispatch soldiers, move troops into battle, to
prompt, dekû
ram,
etūdu, jabilu
ram,
sheep and goats, sheep,
mountain sheep, immeru
ramp or
similar earth construction,
garden wall, kamaru
rascal,
scoundrel, guzallu, ḫarḫaru
rash, a rash,
mold, fungus, kibšu
rashly,
insolently, adv. erḫāniš
rash,
quick, adj., erḫu
rat
(possibly) or mouse, ḫumṣiru
rat or
other rodent, iškarissu
rate?
etēqu
rate of hire
for plow oxen, enītu
rather,
but, alla
ravage,
to take away, oppress, to
wrong, to undo, to destroy, to do
wrong to a person, ḫabālu
razzia,
incursion of an enemy, išḫiṭu
razzia into enemy territory, to make an
incursion, move across, to make
move across, ḫabātu
reach,
mix, assign, accuse, infect
disease, to inflict diseases, join together, to be
joined together, unite,
support, tax, impose taxes, fines, load, land a
boat, lean, to lean against, to
cling to, to come in contact, to stand nearby, take
cover, refuge, to place a
lean upon or against something, add up, meet, emēdu
reach the
highest position, ašarīdūtu
reach, to
reach, to reach and equal
in value, arrive (said of a moment in time), to
amount to, to be sufficient, to
approach ( a person, an authority), with a claim, a
complaint, to find, to
conquer a country, a city, to defeat an enemy, to be
victorious, to capture an
enemy, to arrest a fugitive, a criminal, to surprise
(in the act), to seize
(said of diseases, evil spirits, misfortunes, etc.),
to obtain a wish,
knowledge, good health, luck, a friend, to attain
old age, to win a case, to
obtain possession of objects, merchandise, etc., to
get hold of (in various
shades of meaning), to finish completely, to chase
away, pursue, to drive away,
drive into exile, to disinherit, to drive away evil
spirits, to remove sins,
etc., to make a journey, to drive (horses), to
approach someone, to defeat an
enemy, to conquer, to raid, to make prisoner, to
seize, to send, to pertain to
property, to a right, etc., kašādu
read, to
be read, *dalāku
read aloud a
tablet, to document,
tuppu
ready, to get
ready, make available,
ḫâru
ready
(said of objects and people),
well-trained (said of a scribe), finished (said of
cloth), ersû
ready, to
become ready, adjust, to
deduct, to correspond, to consider, to clarify, make
clear, incise, to cut, to cut
down, cut off, to cut in
deeply, determine, to set, to treat, to cut off,
ḫarāṣu
ready, to
make ready, make ready for
battle, to fortify, to surround with a fence or net,
put together, work for
wages, to cluster, gather,
organize,
to organize a group, strengthen, to repair, to give
relief, to compose a text,
collect, construct, to construct buildings, etc.,
join, to tie, bind together,
assemble a body of soldiers into a military
formation, to form a herd of animals,
to make regulations, a country, to set up a battle
array, to prepare for
battle, to plot evil, concentrate, make compact, to
become joined, to tie
together, to assemble, to prepare for battle, to
compact, to assemble, to make
ready for battle, to concentrate, to join together,
to be tied, bound together,
kaṣāru
real estate
encumbered with an ilku-obligation,
ilku, in bīt ilki
real estate
and slave market official,
recording and witnessing transactions concerning
real estate and slaves,
kakikku
reaped,
adj., *eṣdu
reaper,
harvester, ēṣidu
rear building
(for storage and other
purposes), kutallu, in bīt kutalli
rear,
rear side of building,
rear area, backside of a human, animal, rear
of object, rear guard, arkatu
rear of a
field, house, aburru
rear part
(of objects, parts of the
body, buildings, etc.), back of the head, backside (of human beings and animals), nape
of the neck, as a prep. or
adv., behind, in idiomatic expressions, replacement,
late part (of the year),
later time, kutallu
rear, to
the rear, behind,
afterward, arka, arki
rear,
later child, person born
later, future, following, sequel, second place or
rank, arkītu
rear,
back, guarantor, future,
later, second,
lower in rank, arkû
reason,
excuse, objection, idu
rebel,
ēpiš barti
rebel, to
rebel, bartu, sīḫu
rebel,
usurper king, ḫammā’u
rebellion,
*dubbubu, gabaraḫḫu,
kišītu
reciprocal,
math term, igû
reciprocal
of the number called igû, (math
term), igibû
recite a
ritual, naqbitu
recite,
relate, talk, to tell,
speak, come to agreement, negotiate, plead,
litigate, complain, dabābu
recommendation, prosperity, profit, grace, favor
(divine) grace, gratitude,
fame, fortune, good fortune, good luck, well-being,
fortune, beauty, choice
thing, treasure, darling, dumqu
recent times,
eššetu
recognize, to
recognize, to be
recognized, reveal, to mark, in a daze,
intentionally, neglect, to disregard,
to be unable to, to be unused to, (with negation) to
be unfamiliar with, to
take cognizance of, to care for something or
somebody, to be aware of, versed
in something, familiar with, to be experienced, to
know something or somebody,
(with negation) to be unfamiliar with, to be unused
to, knowingly, unwittingly,
unconsciously, to inform, to make known, identify,
to assign, revealed,
appointed, to announce, proclaim, to make
recognizable, to mark, to assign, idû
recognize,
to recognize with a
symbolic act or gesture a person as one’s master,
ardūtu
recognizable,
to be understood, to
prescribe, instruct, inform, to know, (said of
stars) ḫakāmu
reconcile,
to reconcile, bibil pān
DN
reconciliation,
a poetic word for
reconciliation, animû
record,
tablet, immû
recovered
(stolen) goods, kašittu
red,
adj., ḫuššû, illurānu
reddish hue,
of, adv., illuriš
reddish
colored clay or mineral,
kalgukku
red dye,
ḫurḫuratu
red dye,
a red-dyed wool, inzaḫurētu
redeem,
to redeem, akukaru in
akuarumma epēsu
reduce, to
reduce in size or number,
to become short (said of time), to be short,
shrunken (said of parts of the
body), to be short (said of breath, temper), to make
shorter, to cut short, to
cause hardship, karû
reed, a
kind of reed, (Lit.
date-reed), gišlammu
reed, a kind of reed or weapon, ḫilṣnuu
reed, a reed, dittu, kīsu
reed and reed
objects qualification,
gurû
reed altar,
altar made of reed, guḫšu
reed basket,
a loosely woven reed
basket, giḫannu
reed basket,
a reed basket? Kukūtu
reed basket,
a reed basket, an
ornament in the shape of a kuršallu
basket, kuršallu
reed bundle,
gidimmu, guzullu
reed bundle,
truncanted cone (as
gemometrical term), kiššu
reed bundle,
total, kilibbu
reed
craftsman, who makes ojects of
reeds, atkuppu
reed, cut
reed, gillu
reed, cut-off
part, ḫusirtu
reed cutter,
ḫaṣibu
reed cutter,
kīsu, in ša kīsi
reed-cutting,
ḫiṣṣatu
reed dam,
pigsty, irritu
reed effigy
of a person for magical
purposes, gisandudû
reed emblem,
kilkillu
reed fence or
screen, gisallu
reed fence,
reed hut, ḫuṣṣu
reed fence,
reed wall, reed hut
(plaited in a specific way), kikkišu
reed fibers, gibarbarrû, gibarrû
reed, fresh
shoot of reed, ḫabaṣillatu
reed hut,
a reed fence, ḫuṣṣu
reed hut of a
shepherd, gubru
reed hut
(plaited in a specific
way), reed fence, reed wall, kikkišu
reed mat,
ḫurdu
reed mat, a
short reed mat, kūru
reed mat,
a surface measure, kītu
reed mat
maker, ēpiš ipši
reed nest,
shelter, kumāṣu
reed object,
kupkudu
reed or wood
for kindling, gibillu
reed plants
blades, gūru
reed plaiter,
sorcerer, workman,
ēpišu
reed plaiting
technique, made in a
certain reed-plaiting technique, adj., kikkimû
reed pulp,
ḫandû
reed,
rush, elpetu
reed screen
or fence, gisallu
reed shelter,
amalubukku, dimmušattu
reed shelter
like a bower,
encampment, ašāšu
reed shelter,
reed stalk, kušāru
red stone
(lit. mustard-like),
kašanītu
reed stalk,
reed shelter, kušāru
reed strip, a
long strip made of reeds,
girrigû
reed
structure, to build a reed structure,
to break, to cut, break reeds, ḫaṣāsu
reed, thick
piece of reed, log, a
plant, kūru
reed, thicket, au
reed, to
break a reed, ḫamāšu
reed torch,
gigurû
reed treated
in a specific way,
kubūsu
reed wall,
made in the manner of a kikkišu-reed
wall, kikkišû
reed wall,
reed hut (plaited in a
specific way), reed fence, kikkišu
reed worker,
craft, atkuppūtu
reeds, broken
(said of reeds), ḫaṣṣaṣu
reeds, to cut reeds, break reeds, to build a
reed structure, ḫaṣāsu
reeds, to cut
or break off reeds, ḫaṣābu
refer, to
refer to something/somebody,
to be mindful of, remember, to be mindul of
something, care for, to think of a
person (said of gods and kings = to care for, to be
pious, diety, to think of a
deity = to heed a diety, to think of a person (said
of gods and kings = to care
for, to listen to somebody, to mention, to be
intelligent, understanding, to
plan, to remind, to study, investigate, to worry, to
give information, to pay
attention, to be concerned, worried, ḫasāsu
refuse,
sweepings,
collection of laws, etc., hoard?, ḫimmatu
refuse,
withhold, goods, merchandise,
deliveries, hinder, to prevent, to distrain,
keep in custody, in
confinement, hold
back a person, delay,
to detain, to to keep, withhold a document, a
tablet, to deny a wish, a
request, to withhold a document, tablet, to deny a
wish, request, to withhold
tribute, gifts, to stop, detain, delay a boat, to
cut off, deny water for
irrigation, to retain food, urine, etc., to block
progress, a road, to check an
animal, to reserve, to place at someone’s disposal,
to keep available, to
finish, to bring to an end, to stop, interrupt doing
something, to come to an
end, to be finished, to cease to be delayed with
negation, to do something
without ceasing, without delay, immediately, to stop
repeatedly, to hold up, to
hold back, to cause to detain, to keep someone from
doing something, to hinder,
to stop, to cause to stop, to hold back, to be held
back, to be delayed
(referring to persons), to be confined, to be
retained, to be withheld
(referring to objects), to be finished, to be
closed, to remain, to stay, to be
kept away, to cease, to stop, to linger behind, kalû
refuge,
reach, mix, assign, accuse,
infect disease, to inflict diseases, join together,
to be joined together,
unite, support, tax, impose taxes, fines, load, land
a boat, lean, to lean
against, to cling to, to come in contact, to stand
nearby, take cover, to place
a lean upon or against something, add up, meet,
emēdu
region
outside a city, outside, open
country, kīdu
region,
territory, alongside, adjacent
to, border, border line, confines, circumference,
sides (of a boat), around,
alongside, itû
regular,
normal, plain, permanent,
constant, kajānu
regular
offering, ginû
regular,
ordinary, prosperous,
straight, normal, in good condition, favorable,
fair, just, correct, loose
(said of the bowels),
išaru
regular,
(also a name of Saturn),
steady, usual, normal, adj., kajamānu
regularly,
constantly, adv.,
kajāntam
regularly,
constantly, always, adv.,
kajāna
regulate, to
make regulations, to
drop a claim, a case, pardon a sin, to make people
do work, to submit oneself, to put
pressure upon a person, to put
reciprocal pressure on each other, to press people,
to pace off,
to walk upon, to stride, to forgive,
to defeat an enemy, to make compact, to bother, to
crush, to step into
something unclean accidentally, to step upon
something on purpose, to stamp out
a fire, to suppress noise, to full cloth, to let
time pass, to come in, to
exert oneself, to allow to walk about, to trample,
to make a road or ramp by
compressing and stamping the soil, to make
concessions, kabāsu
regulate, to
make regulations, to
form a herd of animals, to assemble, assemble a body
of soldiers into a
military formation,
organize,
strengthen, to repair, to give relief, to compose a
text, collect, construct,
to construct buildings, etc., join, to tie, bind
together, to organize a group,
a country, to set up a battle array, to prepare for
battle, to plot evil, to
cluster, gather, concentrate, make compact, to work
for wages, to become
joined, put together, to tie together, to surround
with a fence or net, to
fortify, to prepare for battle, to compact, to make
ready for battle, to
concentrate, to join together, to make ready for
battle, to make ready, to
gather, to be tied, bound together, kaṣāru
regulations
governing specific legal
procedures, regulations concerning the release
of private debts, kubussû
rein,
iškaru
reinforce,
make valid, strong, to
become strong, strengthen, to increase, to speak
severely, to deliver promptly,
to bequeath, become stronger, become even thickness,
to contend for
superiority, danānu
reinforcement
around an earthenware jar,
bag, gurābu
reins,
leash? appatu
reins,
ašâtu
region,
land, area, field, terrain,
eqlu
regions
(referring to the four regions
of the inhabited world), edge, shore line, kibrātu
regular,
normal, trustworthy, adj.,
kajamānû
regular,
reliable, true, just,
honest, decent, loyal, correct, normal, sound,
legitimate, firm (in place),
kīnu
rejoice,
to be happy, ḫadû
rejoice,
to cause to rejoice, elēṣu
rejoice,
to rejoice, ḫašašu
rejoice,
to make merry, ḫuddušu
relate,
talk, to tell, speak,
recite, come to agreement, negotiate, plead,
litigate, complain, dabābu
related to,
because of, concerning, on behalf of,
on account of, with respect to,
aššum
relationship
between brothers and
sisters, friendly political relationships,
equal allies, partners, atḫūtu
relative by
marriage, son-in-law,
brother-in-law, bridegroom, ḫatānu
relatives,
emumātu
release,
indurāru
release,
to release, ašāru
released or
runaway prisoner, ḫabtu
reliability,
loyalty, kīnūtu
reliable,
massive, legitimate, loud,
steady, urgent, pressing, powerful, mighty,
essential, dangerous, difficult,
great, grave, fortified, fierce, binding, heavy,
hard, solid, strong,
thick, savage, serious, obstinate, bad,
tyrannical, harsh, imperative, dannu
reliable,
be loyal, to be well
disciplined, correct, to place
an
object correctly or in a specific place (said of
ritual and votive objects, of
tablets, food, and other objects), to place parts of
a construction in correct
position, honest, endure, to remain in effect, to
last, to be secure (said of a
foundation), a rule, a position, to remain
stationary (said of planets), to be
firm in place, to remain quantitatively constant, to
set up a stela, a boundary
stone, an inscription, an image, to establish the
foundation of a building, to
erect a wall, a building, a city, to lay out a
watercourse, a boundary, to
impose tribute, a fine, to levy taxes, to establish
regular deliveries and
offerings, etc., to establish laws, regulations,
rituals, fame, to organize, to
put in order, to assign a person to a position, an
office, to grant, assign
good fortune a calamity, etc., to assign fields,
houses, staples, etc., to
maintain and preserve the rule, the life of a
person, the safety of an object,
the permanence of a city, etc., to testify, to make
a statement as a witness,
to act as a witness, to establish as true by means
of witnesses, to confirm, to
certify, to establish (in math and astronomy), to be
confirmed, kânu
reliable,
true, just, honest,
decent, loyal, correct, normal, regular, sound,
legitimate, firm (in place),
kīnu
relief figure
(see also stele) asūmu
relief, to
give relief, to compose a
text, collect, construct, to construct buildings,
etc., join, to tie, bind
together, to strengthen, to repair, to organize,
assemble a body of soldiers
into a military formation, to form a herd of
animals, to make regulations, to
organize a group, a country, to set up a battle
array, to prepare for battle,
to plot evil, to cluster, gather, concentrate, make
compact, to work for wages,
to become joined, put together, to tie together, to
surround with a fence or
net, to fortify, to assemble, to prepare for battle,
to compact, to assemble,
to make ready for battle, to concentrate, to join
together, to make ready for
battle, to make ready, to gather, to be tied, bound
together, kaṣāru
religious
ceremony, ḫulīlū
religious
ceremony, a large
container, ḫarû
religious
ceremony, tax,
mobilization, diku
religious
festival, secular
festival, food portion, isinnu
rely, to
become confident, to give
confidence, ḫamû
remain, to
remain, to bring to an
end, to come to an end, to be finished, to stay,
keep in custody, in
confinement, to be kept away, to keep available, to
keep someone from doing
something, hold back a person, delay, to detain, to
distrain, to prevent, to
hinder, to withhold, refuse goods, merchandise,
deliveries, to keep, withhold a
document, a tablet, to deny a wish, a request, to
deny a wish, request, to
withhold tribute, gifts, to stop, detain, delay a
boat, to cut off, deny water
for irrigation, to retain food, urine, etc., to
block progress, a road, to
check an animal, to reserve, to place at someone’s
disposal, to finish, to
stop, interrupt doing something, to cease to be
delayed with negation, to do
something without ceasing, without delay,
immediately, to stop repeatedly, to
hold up, to hold back, to cause to detain, to
hinder, to stop, to cause to
stop, to be held back, to be delayed (referring to
persons), to be confined, to
be retained, to be withheld (referring to objects),
to be finished, to be
closed, to cease, to stop, to linger behind, kalû
remainder,
balance, final payment, aḫirtu
remainder,
pledge, divorce money,
balance, rest, ezibtu
remind,
to study, investigate, to
worry, to give information, to pay attention, to be
concerned, worried,
to be pious, diety, to think of a deity = to
heed a diety, to think of a person (said of gods and
kings = to care for, to
mention, ḫasāsu
reminder,
thought, ḫissūtu
remote,
ellû
remove an
object, to be removed, to
absent oneself, to expel a person, go away, to
duppuru
remove bricks,
ḫasāpu
remove, move,
to move to another
location, to clear away, to make rise and depart,
to arouse from sleep, collect
taxes, to summon officials, call up workers,
mobilize, raise, lift up, call and
dispatch soldiers, move troops into battle, to
prompt, dekû
remove sins, etc., pursue, to disinherit, to
drive away, drive into exile,
to drive away evil spirits, to drive (horses), to chase away, to finish completely,
to get hold of (in various
shades of meaning), to attain old age, to obtain a
wish, knowledge, good
health, luck, a friend, to obtain possession of
objects, merchandise, etc., to
seize (said of diseases, evil spirits, misfortunes,
etc.), to surprise (in the
act), to arrest a fugitive, a criminal, to be
victorious, to defeat an enemy,
to conquer a country, a city, to find, to be
sufficient, to approach ( a
person, an authority), with a claim, a complaint, to amount
to,
to reach, to reach and equal in value, arrive
(said of a moment in
time), to capture an enemy, to win a case, to make a
journey, to approach
someone, to defeat an enemy, to conquer, to raid, to
make prisoner, to seize,
to send, to pertain to property, to a right, etc.,
kašādu
remove,
to take or the like, *ḫušu, in
ḫušumma epēšu
removed, taken away, ekmu
renewing,
constantly renewing
itself, ever brilliant, eddešû
renovate,
to renovate, tēdištu
renowed,
well-known, edû
rent,
hire, wages, idū, igru
rent, to
hire, agāru
rent payment,
team of workmen or
experts, troop, contingent of soldiers, knot made
for magic purposes, payment
in kind for services or taxes, joint of the human or
animal body, a feature of
the exta, anger, wrath, structure, bond (of a
mountain, wall), mountain
fastness, concentration, strength, joint, node, knot
of a plant, section of a
text or region, possessions, treasures, stricture of
the alimentary canal,
obstruction in a canal, lump, meterorite?, clasp,
handle, an astronomical term,
kiṣru
reorganization,
administrative or
political reorganization (of a country or city), horizon,
stance, potstand, root of plants or
parts of the body and the exta, lower extremities,
base, foundation of a
building, wall, gate, etc., base of a tree,
foundation of a reign, government, discipline
of an army, social status
or position, support, assurance of continuation of a
family, bottom (of the
interior of a container or of the exterior of an
object), damp course, išdu
rented house,
storeroom?, kiṣru, in
bit kiṣri
repair,
kušartu
repair, to repair, to give relief, to compose
a text, collect, construct,
to construct buildings, etc., join, to tie, bind
together, to strengthen, to
organize, assemble a body of soldiers into a
military formation, to form a herd
of animals, to make regulations, to organize a
group, a country, to set up a
battle array, to prepare for battle, to plot evil,
to cluster, gather,
concentrate, make compact, to work for wages, to
become joined, put together,
to tie together, to surround with a fence or net, to
fortify, to assemble, to
prepare for battle, to compact, to assemble, to make
ready for battle, to
concentrate, to join together, to make ready for
battle, to make ready, to
gather, to be tied, bound together, kaṣāru
repast, small
repast,
a bread cake, bite, kusāpu
replace one
another, substitute,
shift, to retract, revoke terms, commands, to
invert, alternate, to change, to
displace, interchange, to be revoked, enû
replace,
to compensate, kaṣāru
replacement,
attaru
replacement,
as a replacement, correspondingly, instead,
kūm
replacement,
behind, (as a prep. or
adv), rear part (of objects, parts of the body,
buildings, etc.), back of the
head, backside
(of human beings and
animals), nape of the neck, in idiomatic
expressions, late part (of the year),
later time, kutallu
replacement,
damages, fine,
(Hurrian word, kazzaurnu)
replacement
(for a distrained person),
indemnity (for alost object), status of a person
given as a distrainee for a
debt, kiššatu
replacement,
substitute, ēnû
report,
spoken word, utterance,
news, formula, amatu
report,
to make a report, decision,
establish diplomatic relations, decide, tēmu
report,
word, talk, gossip, rumor,
matter, legal case, lawsuit, agreement, dibbu
reptile with
head like that of the god
Humbaba, ḫumbabītu
repudiate (an
agreement), split in
half, wreck, to smash, to destroy an object, to
break (a tablet), to invalidate
(a document), demolish, ruin, to cut wood trees,
divide, to break off, to
crush, injure, hurt, to break into, ḫepû
reputation,
expressed by others,
mood, oracular utterance, egirrû
request,
erišūtu
request,
to desire, to be desired,
crave, to ask, required, erēšu
request,
wish, object of desire,
ominous mark in divination, erištu
requested,
erīšu
require,
to need, to desire, to
like, to deprive, take away, to be brought to want,
to be wanting, ḫašāḫu
required,
to request, to desire, to
be desired, crave, to ask, erēšu
requirement,
need, ḫašaḫtu
resin of the
ḫilabānu-plant, *ḫilbanītu
rescue,
auxiliary force, help,
helper, ḫamatu
rescuer,
*eṭṭēru
rescuer,
savior, ēṭiru
reserve,
leave, leave behind, to
leave to posterity, to leave a token remnant of
land, desert, to abandon, to
neglect, disregard, to leave something with or to a
person, to entrust, set
aside, to lend money, to bequeath, to divorce, to
make out a legal document, to
spare, leave out, to save, to be saved, to leave one
another, ezēbu
reserve,
to check an animal, to
block progress, a road, retain food, urine, etc.,
cut off, to deny a wish, a
request, deny water for irrigation, delay, delay a
boat, to detain, hold back a
person, to keep in custody, in confinement, to
distrain, to prevent, to hinder,
to withhold, refuse goods, merchandise, deliveries,
to keep, withhold a
document, a tablet, to withhold a document, tablet,
to deny a wish, request, to
withhold tribute, gifts, to stop, detain, to place
at someone’s disposal, to
keep available, to finish, to bring to an end, to
stop, interrupt doing
something, to come to an end, to be finished, to
cease to be delayed with
negation, to do something without ceasing, without
delay, immediately, to stop
repeatedly, to hold up, to hold back, to cause to
detain, to keep someone from
doing something, to hinder, to stop, to cause to
stop, to hold back, to be held
back, to be delayed (referring to persons), to be
confined, to be retained, to
be withheld (referring to objects), to be finished,
to be closed, to remain, to
stay, to be kept away, to cease, to stop, to linger
behind, kalû
reserve,
army reserve, obligation to serve as
reservist in the royal army,
kutallūtu
reside,
stay somewhere, sit down,
wait, sit idly, mourn, officiate (of kings, etc.),
populated, to live, ašābu
residence of
the enu-priest or entu-priestess,
part
of a private house, pasture, meadow, taboo, gipāru
residue,
linseed residue (after
pressing), leftovers, wax, kupsu
resin,
exudation of plants, ḫīlu
respect,
to show respect, palāḫu
respect, to
show respect, to pay
respect to gods, to parents, to respect
an oath, rich, to become painful, to honor a person,
honored, to give honor, to
be honored, to hatch (said of a bird), bothersome,
to become difficult,
lethargic, massive, fat, to
become
heavy, to become important, to aggravate, make
difficult, etc., to extinguish a
fire, to underline the importance of, to make heavy,
kabātu
responsible,
trusted, person or courtier, kamiru
rest,
remainder, pledge, divorce
money, balance, ezibtu
resting ox
(designation of an ox not
to be used for hard work), gimlu
restless,
to be or become restless
or nervous, to quiver, twitch, to have a premature
emission, to be or become
frightened, to fear, to frighten, to cause trouble,
to scare away, to inspire
fear, inspire awe, or respect, galātu
rest period,
kamāṣu
restless,
to cause fever, make feverish, to make
glow, set aglow, to be
inflamed, to heat, burn, ḫamātu
retain food,
urine, etc., to be
retained, cut off, to deny a wish, a request, deny
water for irrigation, delay,
delay a boat, to detain, hold back a person, to keep
in custody, in
confinement, to distrain, to prevent, to hinder, to
withhold, refuse goods,
merchandise, deliveries, to keep, withhold a
document, a tablet, to withhold a
document, tablet, to deny a wish, request, to
withhold tribute, gifts, to stop,
detain, to block progress, a road, to check an
animal, to reserve, to place at
someone’s disposal, to keep available, to finish, to
bring to an end, to stop,
interrupt doing something, to come to an end, to be
finished, to cease to be
delayed with negation, to do something without
ceasing, without delay,
immediately, to stop repeatedly, to hold up, to hold
back, to cause to detain,
to keep someone from doing something, to hinder, to
stop, to cause to stop, to
hold back, to be held back, to be delayed (referring
to persons), to be
confined, to be withheld (referring to objects), to
be finished, to be closed,
to remain, to stay, to be kept away, to cease, to
stop, to linger behind, kalû
retainer
(designation of a class), ḫanaku
retching,
coughing fit, ganāḫu, guḫḫu
retract,
revoke terms, commands, to
invert, alternate, to change, to displace, to shift,
substitute, interchange,
replace one another, to be revoked, enû
return,
to go home, arrive, to bring
something to enter a house, city, penetrate, to
invade, to come (of taxes or
months), to enter, to enter into the king or god’s
presence, erēbu
reveal, to
reveal (something hidden),
reveal, to offer to a god, to assign, to produce a
person, to point out, to show a document, to
show somebody the peg driven
in a field (as legal act accompanying the transfer
of a field), to show an item
to be accounted for, to expose to the sun, to
disclose, explain, exhibit, to
show an (ominous) sign, to advise, to instigate, to
teach, to instruct, to give
an order, to show a particular mood or attitude, to
make someone experience
prosperity, hardship, to be shown, offered, to
become exposed, to show, to
disclose, to produce, to grant, to show, kullumu
reveal,
to mark, in a daze,
intentionally, neglect, to disregard, to be unable
to, to be unused to, (with
negation) to be unfamiliar with, to take cognizance
of, to care for something
or somebody, to be aware of, versed in something,
familiar with, to be
experienced, to know something or somebody, (with
negation) to be unfamiliar
with, to be unused to, knowingly, unwittingly,
unconsciously, to inform, to
make known, to recognize, identify, to assign, to be
recognized, revealed,
appointed, to announce, proclaim, to make
recognizable, to mark, to assign, idû
revoke
terms, commands, to invert,
alternate, to change, to displace, to shift, to
retract, substitute,
interchange, replace one another, to be revoked, enû
reward, to reward, banītu
ribs, part of the ribs or sternam,
katappātu
rich gift,
abundance, abundant,
kubuttû
rich, to
become painful, to honor a
person, honored, to give honor, to be honored, to
hatch (said of a bird), bothersome,
to become difficult, lethargic, massive,
fat, to become heavy, to become important, to show
respect, to pay respect to
gods, to parents, to respect an oath, to aggravate,
make difficult, etc., to
extinguish a fire, to underline the importance of,
to make heavy, kabātu
ridge wall,
contingent of soldiers,
stricture as a disease, congestion, tablet, list,
kiṣirtu
right,
adj., imnû
right, at the
right, adv., imna
righteousness,
išarūtu
right hand,
emittu
right hand,
right side, imnu
right now,
ašar, išarma
right side,
right hand, right wing
of an army,
neighbor to the right,
imittu
right thing,
to make do the right
thing, thrive, to prosper, to inject an enema, clear up, to give birth easily, to
charge (an enemy), straighten
up, to go
straight toward, to thrive, to
prosper, to be or become all right, to move the
bowels, to proceed, to move
straight ahead, to cause to move along a straight or
correct course to prepare,
to proceed, march on, to send, dispatch, to put or
keep in good order, to set
aright, to provide justice, to give correct
decisions, insure the correct
performance of a ritual, to advance against, to
become successful, to be put in
order, to be fitted out correctly, ešēru
right to a
part of a field in feudal
tenure, (Hurrian word, kaškiniwe),
kašku
right, to the
right, adv., imitta,
imniš
righteousness,
prosperity, išartu
rim,
edge, end, causeway, nose, tip,
crown, spur of land, appu
rim, edge
of an object, bank of a
canal, a river, kibru
rim of a pot,
edge of a well, sea
shore, bank of a river, canal, ditch, amulet or
piece of jewelry worn around
the neck, string of beads, throat (of a human being,
a god, or an animal, ofen
including the head and shoulders), neck, necklace,
neck scarf, etc., kišādu
rim of a wheel, felly, allak
rind,
potsherd, small pot, shell,
formed clay, ḫaṣbu
ring, a
ring, anatu, enqu
ring, a kind
of ring, kamkammatu
ring, as
ornament, ḫullu
ring,
earring, inṣabtu, iṣṣabtu,
anšabutu
ring,
metal ring, of finery, ešgurru
ring,
metal ring, wheel metal tire, ḫuppu[1]
rise (of
stars), to grow, to
disappear, come out of a temple, etc., depart, go
out, escape, to leave, to așû
rite, way
of acting, pressing of
dates,
sole of the foot, in kibis šēpi,
access, approach, vestiges,
traces, tracks, track (as a physical feature), steps
(made by human beings,
animals, demons, etc.,), walk, gait, path, path (in
metaphoric use), behavior,
etc., deduction, allowance, kibsu
ritual act,
kikkiṭṭû
ritual,
manufacture, evil magic,
crew, construction, agricultural work, handywork,
tillage, act, epištu
ritual
performance, kidudû
ritual
performed with the kinūnu
festival during which the
ritual is performed, brazier, stove, kiln, month of
the festival, name of a
demon, kinūnu
ritual,
to perform a ritual, dalālu,
nēpišu
ritual,
to go through with a ritual,
avert, transfer, to be transferred, to transgress,
to be transgressed, to go
beyond or exceed, to by-pass, avoid, move objects
past, go overland, elapse, to
cross, pass along (walking), to advance on or
continue a journey, to march in
review, to pass by, to pass through, to send on
overland, to make pass on or
proceed, to pass objects on, to hand over, to allow
time to elapse, cause
delay, to allow persons or boats to pass, etēqu
ritual,
to perform a ritual,
divination, plant, to cultivate, happens, is, build,
construct, manufacture, to
practice witchcraft, treat person or thing, to
permit (said of gods), to
proceed, act, to act, be active, epēšu
ritual,
to prosper, thrive, insure
the correct performance of a ritual, to make do the
right thing, to inject an
enema, clear
up, to give birth
easily, to charge (an enemy), straighten up, to
go straight toward, to thrive, to prosper, to
be or become all right, to
move the bowels, to proceed, to move straight ahead,
to cause to move along a
straight or correct course to prepare, to proceed,
march on, to send, dispatch,
to put or keep in good order, to set aright, to
provide justice, to give
correct decisions, to advance against, to become
successful, to be put in
order, to be fitted out correctly, ešēru
ritual jug,
a small jug for ritual
purposes, garunnu
ritual object,
ḫubšu
ritual
wailing, girrānu
river, ditch, canal,
bank, rim
of a pot, edge of a well, sea shore, amulet or piece
of jewelry worn around the
neck, string of beads, throat (of a human being, a
god, or an animal, ofen
including the head and shoulders), neck, necklace,
neck scarf, etc., kišādu
river bank,
far bank, aḫarātu
river bank,
near side, aqdamātu
river,
canal, ikišiītu
river of the
nether world, ḫubur
river narrows, stricture (disease), ḫinqu
rivet, a
metal rivet or dowel, kammu
road,
ḫūlu
road,
path, arḫu
road,
path, highway, trip, journey,
travel, business trip, venture, caravan, business
capital, military campaign,
expedition, raid, expeditionary force, army, corvée
work, service unit, times
(math term), ḫarrānu
road, path, journey, caravan, business trip,
military campaign,
expeditionary force, march, travel provisions, girru
road, to
take the road, ḫarrānu
roar, to rumble, chatter, ḫadādu
roast, to
roast, to bake, kamû
roasted,
adj., *gubbubu
roast, to
roast, gubbubu
rob, to rob,
despoil a house, to
shave, to cut and shave hair of head or body, to
consecrate a priest by shaving
the hair of his head and body, gullubu
rob, to
despoil, to
take off clothing by force, strip, ḫamāṣu
rob, to
rob, take away by force,
to commit a robbery, to snatch, ḫabātu
robber,
ḫabbātu
robbery, booty, loot, captive, prisoner of
war, ḫubtu
rocket, egingīru
rod,
measuring rod, ginindanakku
rodent, a
rodent, asqūdu, aštakiṣṣu,
kursissu
rodent, a
small rodent or animal,
kakkišu
rodent or rat, iškarissu
rogue,
rude man, isḫappu
roll,
kirku
roll up,
shrivel, to wrinkle, kalāṣu
roll up,
to form coils, to wind
around each other, to entwine, to circle around, to
wrap, to be entwined, to
gather against somebody, kapālu
roller or
sledge, gurgugu
room in a
private house, guršu, in
bīt guršu
room, part
of a room of an elaborate
house, akullu, in bīt akulli
root,
erēnu
root of
plants or parts of the body
and the exta, lower extremities, base,
foundation of a building, wall, gate, etc., base of
a tree, foundation
of a reign, government,
administrative or political reorganization (of a
country or city), discipline
of an army, social status or position, support,
assurance of continuation of a
family, bottom (of the interior of a container or of
the exterior of an
object), potstand, stance, horizon, damp course,
išdu
rope,
ibiḫu, kirītu
rope, a
thick rope, ebīḫu
rope,
band, durru
rope,
band, belt, fetter, wisp of
straw to bind a sheaf, kannu
rope, of
reeds that is strong, durgallu,
durmāḫu
rope
(part of a yoke), abšānu
rope,
skipping rope, keppû
rope, tow
rope, surveyor’s measuring
rope, a measure, ašlu
rosette,
ajaru, juru
rosette-shaped,
ajarû
rot, to
become putrid, arāru
rouge
(cosmetic), fruit berry or
flower of reddish color, plant with a red flower and
berry, illuru
round,
adj., (spherical or
cylindrical), garru
royal
property and service, throne,
exta, a feature of the exta, rule, dominion, chair,
sedan chair, name of a
month, saddle, part of a chariot or a plow, kussû
royal
property (real estate), royal
service, kussû, in bīt kussi
royal
standard, itḫuru
rub, to apply
medication by rubbing,
kâru
rub, to
grind? kâṣu
rub, to
make itch, kadādu
rub, to rub
(said of male animals as
part of the sexual act), to rub a part of the body,
ḫanāṣu
rub, to
be rubbed, to clean objects,
to smear on (a paint or liquid), to be smeared, to
wipe off, to purify
magically, kapāru
rub, to rub
with oil, ḫašāšu
rubble,
gravel, ḫiṣṣu
rude man,
rogue, isḫappu
ruin, a ruin,
ḫalūqu
ruin,
deserted place, ḫarību
ruin,
devastation, flight, rout, arbūtu
ruin, ruin heap, karmu
ruin, state of ruin, karmūtu
ruined?
*karmu
ruined field, missing animal or person, lost
object, ḫalqu
ruined, to be annihilated, to spend, to
concentrate, to encompass, to
possess in full, finish, to finish, to bring to an
end, to control, to
annihilate, to use up, to settle, to pay or deliver
in full, to use one’s full
strength, to render a final verdict, to cause to
spend, to give in full, to
hold together, to be brought to an end, used up, to
be settled, gamāru
ruin, to
smash, repudiate (an
agreement), split in half, wreck, to destroy an
object, to break (a tablet), to
invalidate (a document), demolish, to cut wood
trees, divide, to break off, to
crush, injure, hurt, to break into, ḫepû
ruins, abtāti
ruins, hill of ruins caused by the flood, til
abūbi
ruins of a city, misfortune, calamity, evil
deed, damage, wrong, ḫibiltu
ruins, to fall into ruins, karmūtu, namûtu
ruined, decayed, abut
ruined, to see the day of one’s ruin, ūmu
rule, govern, oppose, attack, send a message,
to go, advance, turn against
person, confront, order, âru
rule, lead, to steer a boat, bring
people/animals, guide, to have brought,
send, guide safely, arû
rule,
royal property and service,
throne, exta, a feature of the exta, dominion,
chair, sedan chair, name of a
month, saddle, part of a chariot or a plow, kussû
rule, to
rule, bēlūtu, ridūtu
ruler,
lord, high priest, high
priestess, ēnu
ruler of
a city, ālu, in bēl āli
ruler,
position of a territorial ruler,
position of the holder of the iššakku
title, iššakkūtu
ruler,
territorial ruler (of cities,
countries, etc.,), member of a class or
privileged farmers, iššakku
rumble, roar, to chatter, ḫadādu
rumble, to croak, ḫarāru
rumor, report, word, talk, gossip, matter,
legal case, lawsuit, agreement,
dibbu
rumor,
uproar, loud cry, din,
clamor, ikkillu
run, to run,
flow, ḫanānu
run away,
to flee, nābutu, abātu
run off,
to become free, to move
about freely, darāru
rung of a bed,
chair, table, throne,
gištû
rung of a
potstand, gištalû
rural
district, išru
rural
settlement, hamlet, edurû,
ruse,
trick, treachery, ikiltu
rush, a
rush, ašlu, kilīlu, kungu
rush, a
kind of rush, ašlukatu
rush against,
to attack, arāḫu
rush to a
goal, to move quickly, ḫâšu
[1]
Note English word “hoop” [<ME hop], “a
circular band to bind together staves
of a cask or barrel, something that resembles a
hoop, a circular support for a
hoop skirt, a basket in basketball.” [The
Concise American Heritage Dicitonary,
Houghton Miflin Co., Boston, 1987.
S
sack
(netlike), azamillu
sack,
leather sack, kursinnu
sacred,
holy, free, noble, clean,
pure, ellu
sacred
place, earth, kiūru
sacred
precinct, ḫamru
sacred,
terraced building, gigunû
sacrifice,
gištaggû
sacrifice,
a sacrifice, kišaḫû
sacrifice,
a type of sacrifice, ḫitpu
sacrifice,
a type of sacrifice and the
platter for it, kapru
sacrifice,
to sacrifice a bull, alpu-a
sacrifice,
to sacrifice or slaughter a sheep,
immeru
sacrifices,
to establish sacrifices, niqê-a’
sacrilege,
to commit a sacrilege, anzillu,
maruštu
sad, dark,
adru, adirtu, idirtu
saddle,
rule, royal property and
service, throne, exta, a feature of the exta,
dominion, chair, sedan chair,
name of a month, part of a chariot or a plow,
kussû
sage,
wise, āšišu
sagger,
protective fire-clay box for
firing pottery, ḫarāgu
saliva,
ellatu, illâtu
salt,
red salt, amānu
saltpeter,
idru
salve,
ḫuššu
salve, a
salve, irru
salve, shallow
bowl (as the dish of
a scale, blade of an oar, bowl of the seeder of a
plow, etc.), spoon (for
eating, dipping up ointments), itquru
Ŝamas,
prayer to Ŝamas, cultic
place dedicated to Ŝamas,
kiutakku
sanctuary,
eširtu
sanctuary
enclosure wall, fortified
area within a city, circumvallation, citadel,
kirḫu
sanctuary
of temple, house, socle,
plinth for cult images, aširtu
sandle
button, ajabās
sandals’
oranament of precious stone,
karadnannalla
sash,
belt, ḫuṣannu
sash?
an article of clothing, aguhhu
satrap,
aḫšadrapannu
satisfy,
to become sated, to
satisfy, dapāru
satisfy,
give satisfaction, satisfy
a legitimate demand, apālu
Saturn,
(a name of Saturn), steady,
usual, regular, normal, adj., kajamānu
savage, reliable, massive, legitimate, loud,
steady, urgent, pressing,
powerful, mighty, essential, dangerous, difficult,
great, grave, fortified,
fierce, binding, heavy, hard, solid, strong,
thick, serious, obstinate, bad, tyrannical,
harsh, imperative, dannu
save,
to spare, to come to an agreement, to
make mutual concessions, to
perform a kind act, to act so as to please, to be
obliging, gamālu
save a
person, to be saved, take
something away from somebody, take out, to be
taken away, eṭēru
save, to be saved, set aside, reserve, leave,
leave behind, to leave to
posterity, to leave a token remnant of land,
desert, to abandon, to neglect,
disregard, to leave something with or to a person,
to entrust, to lend money,
to bequeath, to divorce, to make out a legal
document, to spare, leave out, to
leave one another, ezēbu
savior,
rescuer, ēṭiru
saying,
utterance, kataduggû
scabies, ekkētu
scales, arm
of the scales, kukku
scales,
earth, loose earth, debris,
dust, ore,
mortar, territory, soil, area
volume, eperu
scalpel
or lancet of a physician,
karzillu
scarce,
expensive, aqāru
scarcity,
famine, lack, need,
requirement, a disease, ḫušaḫḫu
scare,
to scare away, to fear, to be
or become frightened, to frighten, to be or become
nervous or restless, to
quiver, twitch, to have a premature emission, to
cause trouble, to inspire
fear, inspire awe, or respect, galātu
scared,
to become scared, shy away,
to be in panic, to cause fear and panic, garāru
scarf,
woolen scarf or belt of
special make, išru
scent,
smell, fragrance, erešu
scepter,
staff, stick, branch, twig,
shelf, ḫaṭṭu
scepter
bearer, ḫaṭṭu, in bēl ḫaṭṭi
scrape
together, collect, to gather,
to gather up, to decant, to shovel, to be
decanted, esēpu
scrape, to
scrape off plaster, etc.,
ḫalāsu
scrapings,
ḫillištu
scratch, to
scratch, ekēku
scorch, to
scorch, to
char wood, to burn, to set fire to,
kabābu
scorching,
adj., ḫummuṭu
scorching, fever, anxiety, ḫimṭu
scorching heat, ḫimittu
scoundrel,
rascal, guzallu, ḫarḫaru
scout, inspector, dajālu
scout,
tracker (a kind of soldier),
kibsu, in ša kibsi
scribe,
characterization of a bad scribe,
adj., ḫurru
sculptures,
alamgâte
sea,
ajabba
sea,
deep water, subterannean water,
apû
sea,
plant, jamu
sea shore,
bank of a river, canal,
ditch, amulet or piece of jewelry worn around the
neck, string of beads, throat
(of a human being, a god, or an animal, ofen
including the head and shoulders),
neck, necklace, neck scarf, edge of a well, rim of
a pot, etc., kišādu
seal,
kišibbu
seal,
cylinder seal, seal impression
produced by a cylinder seal, sealed clay tablet
(legal or administrative
document, also a letter, vertebra, kunukku
seal,
keeper of the seal, kišibgallu
sealed bag,
sealed document, kaniktu
sealed bag,
sealed tag, kinku
sealed
document, imriqqu,
sealed
document, sealed bag,
kaniktu, kanīku
sealed tag,
sealed bag, kinku
sealing
official, official in charge of
sealing, kanniku
search,
to survey, examine, watch
over, to take care of, to explore, penetrate into,
investigate, trace, to
weight out, pay, to trace, ḫâṭu
season,
pertaining to the winter season,
adj., kuṣṣû
seasoning
seed, ḫinḫinu
seat,
pedestal, gišgallu
second
month, name, ajaru, jeru
second
month born, born in the
second month, ajarû (m.), ajarītu (f.)
secret,
covered, katmu
secret,
hidden knowledge, kitimtu
section of
a text or region,
structure, mountain fastness, bond (of a mountain,
wall), anger, feature of the
exta, joint of the human or animal body, payment
in kind for services or taxes,
rent payment, team of workmen or experts, troop,
contingent of soldiers, knot
made for magic purposes, wrath, concentration,
strength, joint, node, knot of a
plant, possessions, treasures, stricture of the
alimentary canal, obstruction
in a canal, lump, meterorite?, clasp, handle, an
astronomical term, kiṣru
secular
festival, religious
festival, food portion, isinnu
secure, to
be secure (said of a
foundation), a rule, a position, to remain
stationary (said of planets), to be
firm in place, to last, endure, to remain in
effect, to be loyal, honest,
reliable, correct, to be well disciplined, to
remain quantitatively constant,
to place an object correctly or in a specific
place (said of ritual and votive
objects, of tablets, food, and other objects), to
set up a stela, a boundary
stone, an inscription, an image, to place parts of
a construction in correct
position, to establish the foundation of a
building, to erect a wall, a
building, a city, to lay out a watercourse, a
boundary, to impose tribute, a
fine, to levy taxes, to establish regular
deliveries and offerings, etc., to
establish laws, regulations, rituals, fame, to
organize, to put in order, to
assign a person to a position, an office, to
grant, assign good fortune a
calamity, etc., to assign fields, houses, staples,
etc., to maintain and
preserve the rule, the life of a person, the
safety of an object, the
permanence of a city, etc., to testify, to make a
statement as a witness, to
act as a witness, to establish as true by means of
witnesses, to confirm, to
certify, to establish (in math and astronomy), to
be confirmed, kânu
security,
asset serving as security,
guarantor, one who guarantees, kattû
security,
divinely enforced security
(symbolized by a sacred insigne), divine
protection (mainly for the citizens of
a city), kidinnu
security,
to take as security, *katû
serious,
savage, reliable, massive,
legitimate, loud, steady, urgent, pressing,
powerful, mighty, essential,
dangerous, difficult, great, grave, fortified,
fierce, binding, heavy, hard,
solid, strong,
thick, obstinate, bad,
tyrannical, harsh, imperative, dannu
sea, born
of the sea, jabītu
sea shell,
a sea shell and its
imitations in stone or metal, kapāṣu
seal, cap
of a seal, a part of the
human body,
a bird (lit. my cap is
multicolored), a part of the plow, cap (name of a
part of the exta, especially
the apical lobe of the lung), headdress, cap,
kubšu
seal,
sealed document, kanku
seal, to
seal (by making a seal
imprint on the clay tag of a container, on a door,
on a house), to seal a
document, to place objects under seal (for
safekeeping, identification, etc.,),
to give or receive under seal, kanāku
sealed,
under seal, kanku
seaweed,
algae, alapû, anapû, elapû,
elpû
second,
lower in rank, rear, back,
guarantor, future, later, arkû
second
place or rank, rear, later
child, person born later, future, following,
sequel, arkītu
second
place or rank, younger
brother, duppussû
security,
*kutūtu
see, now,
annu
seed-grain,
eburu
seed, grass
seed, of a vetch, abšu,
apšu
seed, or
a plant, kullānu
seed,
to seed with a seeder plow,
cultivate, plant a field, etc., put under
cultivation, to be seeded, planted,
erēšu
seed,
single seed of the kasû-plant,
kasutu
seed used for seasoning, ḫinḫinu
seeder plow,
a field of measure,
one-tenth of a homer, epinnu
seeding
apparatus of the plow, ittû
seedling,
plantation, erištu
seize,
to seize, hold a person, aḫāzu
seize, to
seize and hold persons,
conceal, to appropriate illegally, to be clothed,
to provide with clothing, to
be covered, clothed, clap down, to cover, to clap
down (said of a trap), to
cover with garments, etc., to cover tightly, to
cover, close, veil (the eyes,
the face, the lips, etc., to cover with earth,
etc., covered, to cover the
body, to cover with dust, sand, (the sky) with
smoke, etc., to constrict, to
overwhelm, to conceal, close a pot, a door, to
cover up, katāmu
seize,
to seize (said of diseases, evil
spirits, misfortunes, etc.), to
seize, to surprise (in the act), to arrest a
fugitive, a criminal, to be
victorious, to defeat an enemy, to conquer a
country, a city, to find, to be
sufficient, to approach ( a person, an authority),
with a claim, a
complaint, to
amount to, to
reach, to reach and equal in value, arrive
(said of a moment in time), to capture an enemy,
to obtain a wish, knowledge,
good health, luck, a friend, to attain old age, to
win a case, to obtain
possession of objects, merchandise, etc., to get
hold of (in various shades of
meaning), to finish completely, to chase away,
pursue, to drive away, drive
into exile, to disinherit, to drive away evil
spirits, to remove sins, etc., to
make a journey, to drive (horses), to approach
someone, to defeat an enemy, to
conquer, to raid, to make prisoner, to send, to
pertain to property, to a
right, etc., kašādu
seizure (by
a disease, demons), prisoner
of war, acquisition, assets, booty, conquest,
kišittu
selection,
itûtu
self-denial,
suffocation, ḫitnuqu
send,
insure the correct performance
of a ritual, to make do the right thing, thrive,
to prosper, to inject an
enema, clear
up, to give birth easily,
to charge (an enemy), straighten up, to
go straight toward, to thrive, to prosper,
to be or become all right, to
move the bowels, to proceed, to move straight
ahead, to cause to move along a
straight or correct course to prepare, to proceed,
march on, dispatch, to put
or keep in good order, to set aright, to provide
justice, to give correct
decisions, to advance against, to become
successful, to be put in order, to be
fitted out correctly, ešēru
send,
guide safely, steer a boat, to
rule, lead, bring people/animals, guide, to have
brought, arû
send a
message, to go, advance, turn
against person, confront, oppose, attack, order,
rule, govern, âru
send,
to send (merchandise, staples,
gifts, tablets, persons, etc.) šūbuku
send,
to send (merchandise, staples,
gifts, tablets, persons, etc.) abāku
send, to
send, to make prisoner, to
raid, to
make a journey, to approach
( a person, an authority), with a claim, a
complaint, to approach someone, to
amount to, to
reach, to reach and equal
in value, arrive (said of a moment in time), to be
sufficient, to find, to
conquer a country, a city, to defeat an enemy, to
be victorious, to capture an
enemy, to arrest a fugitive, a criminal, to
surprise (in the act), to seize
(said of diseases, evil spirits, misfortunes,
etc.), to obtain a wish,
knowledge, good health, luck, a friend, to attain
old age, to win a case, to
obtain possession of objects, merchandise, etc.,
to get hold of (in various
shades of meaning), to finish completely, to chase
away, pursue, to drive away,
drive into exile, to disinherit, to drive away
evil spirits, to remove sins,
etc., to drive (horses), to defeat an enemy, to
conquer, to seize, to pertain
to property, to a right, etc., kašādu
send
quickly, to send promptly, to
be or deliver in good time, to hasten, to be
quick, to be too soon, to do
quickly, ḫamāṭu
separate,
to separate, ḫarāmu
separately,
besides, ahum
separately,
apart, moreover, ahamma
separately,
aḫunēš
separately,
individually, apart, aḫē
separately,
elsewhere, aside, off,
sidewise, awry,
aḫītam
separately,
singly, aḫunē
sequel,
following, future, later
child, person born later, second place or rank,
rear, arkītu
serious,
important, strong, dunnunu
serious,
influential person at the
royal court, important, honored, grievous,
dangerous, abundant, heavy, dense,
substantial, severe, venerable, kabtu
servant
bearing hot water, emmu, in
ša emmi
servants,
class of servants, ašiarra
servant,
follower, vassel, subject
of a king, worshipper, soldier, ardu
servant
girl, of palace, amat ekalli
servant
of clients, bēlūtu
servant
of household, ēmiqu
servant,
vassel in an agreement,
adû, in bēl adê
servants,
(collective), slaves,
aštapiru
serve, to
be made to serve for a debt,
to master, to hold away, to exact services for a
debt or fine, kašāšu
service,
to serve, arādu
service,
to do service, našpartu
service,
on who does service,
inhabitant of a city, region, building, dweller,
seated person, āšibu
service
unit, military campaign,
raid, corvée work, expedition, expeditionary
force, capital, business capital, caravan,
journey, trip, business trip, road,
path, highway, travel, venture, army, times (math
term), ḫarrānu
sesame oil,
ellu
sesame seed
cleaning process, ḫilṣu
set aside,
reserve, leave, leave
behind, to leave to posterity, to leave a token
remnant of land, desert, to
abandon, to neglect, disregard, to leave something
with or to a person, to
entrust, to lend money, to bequeath, to divorce,
to make out a legal document,
to spare, leave out, to save, to be saved, to
leave one another, ezēbu
set
(consisting of several objects),
undivided unit, ištēnūtu
set, to
determine, become
ready, adjust, to deduct, to
correspond, to consider, to clarify, make clear,
incise, to cut, to cut
down, cut off, to cut in
deeply, to treat, to cut off, ḫarāṣu
settling
and rendering of accounts,
command, equipment, achievement, evil machination,
deed, act, witchcraft, work,
speech, ipšu
settled,
terminated, whole,
complete, full, finished, gamru
settled,
to be settled, used up, to be
annihilated, ruined, to spend,
to concentrate, to encompass, to possess in full,
finish, to finish, to bring
to an end, to control, to annihilate, to use up,
to settle, to pay or deliver
in full, to use one’s full strength, to render a
final verdict, to cause to
spend, to give in full, to hold together, to be
brought to an end, gamāru
settlements,
rural, adurtu
settlement
(of shepherds, nomads)
dāru
set, to set,
to set up, to put an
object in place, to lay a foundation, to throw,
cast, etc., karāru
set up, to
set up a stela, a boundary
stone, an inscription, an image,
reliable, be loyal, to be well disciplined,
correct, to place an object correctly or in
a specific place (said of
ritual and votive objects, of tablets, food, and
other objects), to place parts
of a construction in correct position, honest,
endure, to remain in effect, to
last, to be secure (said of a foundation), a rule,
a position, to remain
stationary (said of planets), to be firm in place,
to remain quantitatively
constant, to establish the foundation of a
building, to erect a wall, a
building, a city, to lay out a watercourse, a
boundary, to impose tribute, a
fine, to levy taxes, to establish regular
deliveries and offerings, etc., to
establish laws, regulations, rituals, fame, to
organize, to put in order, to
assign a person to a position, an office, to
grant, assign good fortune a
calamity, etc., to assign fields, houses, staples,
etc., to maintain and
preserve the rule, the life of a person, the
safety of an object, the
permanence of a city, etc., to testify, to make a
statement as a witness, to
act as a witness, to establish as true by means of
witnesses, to confirm, to
certify, to establish (in math and astronomy), to
be confirmed, kânu
seven?
jammin
severe,
serious, influential person
at the royal court, important, honored, grievous,
dangerous, abundant, heavy,
dense, substantial, venerable, kabtu
severe,
strict words or orders,
dannātu[1]
severed,
to become severed, sting,
to pierce, insert into a center, dakāšu
part, diaphragm, pain, piercing pain, wound caused
by piercing, severed, dikšu
severely,
greatly, very, danniš
severely
speak, to speak severely,
bequeath, contend for superiority, deliver
promptly, reinforce, make valid, to
become strong, strengthen, to increase, become
stronger, become even thickness,
danānu
severity
(said of cold weather),
force, might, superiority, strength, violence,
danānu
severity,
strength (physical),
power, force, violence, fort, fortified house and
area, foundation, depth, firm
ground, bedrock, lump, dunnu
sew, to sew,
to patch, kubbû
sewn,
patched, kubbû
sexual
intercourse, to have sexual
intercourse? NAM.SAL.A
shaft,
standard with divine symbol,
sign predicting certain events, barb,
attack, weapon (metaphor for military strength and
aggressiveness), a specific,
individually used weapon, warfare, troops, tool,
thorn, a formation of the
exta, kakku
shake, to
shake, ḫâšu
shakey,
impoverished, to become
impoverished, to become dilapidated, weak, to be
out of funds, enēšu
shape,
figure, gattu
share (a
portion of land, or booty,
income from a secular or a temple office,
property, lot, portion, assigned by
lot, lot, fortune, power, special qualification,
emblem, isqu
share of an
estate (preferential
share), kitru
share in
common, enterprise, admūtu
share
(assigned to an official),
duty, task, certificate of assignment, assignment,
assigned working
material (for a crafsman), isiḫtu
shave, to
shave, to cut and shave
hair of head or body, to consecrate a priest by
shaving the hair of his head
and body, to rob, despoil a house, gullubu
shaven,
adj., gullubu
shaving
ritual, to perform the
ritual of shaving a person, gallābūtu
she,
pron. iššî
sheaf
gatherer, kurullu, in ša
kurulli
shear,
to shear sheep and goats,
gazāzu
shearer,
gāzizu
shearing,
shearings, gizzu
shearing
shed, gizzu, in bīt gizzi
sheath,
ceiling, heaven, cover,
wrap, sky, ermuuruzu
sheaves,
pile of sheaves (on a harvest
field), shock, kurullu
shed,
cattle shed, alpu, in bīt alpi
shed,
fattening shed, kuruštû, in
bīt kuruštē
shed for
cattle, ḫurīzu
she-goat,
goat (generic term), constellation
lyra, enzu
sheep, a
breed of sheep, gukkallu,
kirru?
sheep, a
breed of sheep, a plant,
gugūtu
sheep, a
cut of meat of a sheep,
breastbone (soft part), kaskasu
sheep, a
designation of sheep, kimru
sheep,
a fine breed of sheep, alu, elu
sheep
affected with a scab, girriṣānu
sheep, a
kind of sheep, ḫazādu
sheep, a
type of sheep (lit. sheep
for the festival of Anu),
kianakku
sheep and
goats, sheep, mountain
sheep, ram, immeru
sheep
breastbone (soft part), a cut
of meat of a sheep, kaskasu
sheep
disease, a constriction, ḫunūqu
sheep
enclosure, an enclosed area
for delivery of dates, ḫaṣāru
sheep
(generic name), ewe, immertu
sheep
offering, to perform a regular
sheep offering, ududarû
sheep or
goats being fattened,
kuruštû
sheep,
qualifying sheep, adj.,
arru, kurkurrānu
sheep,
resembling a gukkallu-sheep
(in form of marking),
adj., gukkallanu
sheep
sacrifice, to sacrifice or
slaughter a sheep, immeru
sheep shed,
immeru, in bīt immeri
sheep with
a certain disease, irdu
sheep with ibex horns, adrû, atrû, in
immer adrê, atrê
sheep,
wild sheep, atūdu
sheep,
young male sheep, kabsu
sheep’s
bleat, baa, imbâ
shekel,
one-fifth of a shekel, ḫummušu
Shekel,
one-tenth of a shekel, a
weight, chick
peas, chick pea plant,
ḫallūru
shekel, one
twenty-fourth of a shekel,
girû
shekels,
ten shekels of silver,
ešartu
shelf,
staff, stick, scepter,
branch, twig, ḫaṭṭu
shell
creature, aquatic animal with
a shell, a part of the human body, dādu
shell,
possibly a cowrie, ajartu,
jartu, ajaštu
shell,
sherd, small pot, ḫaṣbattu
shell,
small pot, rind, potsherd,
formed clay, ḫaṣbu
shelter,
reed nest, kumāṣu
shelter,
reed shelter amalubukku
shelter, to
shelter, receive in a
friendly way, ḫaṣānu
shepherd,
kuzallu
sheperd of
low rank, kaparru
shepherd,
to shepherd (said of the
gods), rē’ûtu
shepherd’s
reed hut, gubru
shepherds’
settlement (also nomads),
dāru
sherd?
(house) breaking, ḫipītu
sherd,
shell, small pot, ḫaṣbattu
sherds,
wood shavings, mash?, ḫupû
shield,
kabābu
shield,
shield-bearer, arītu
shield, a
type of shield, ḫaṭṭu, in
ša ḫaṭṭi
shift,
to retract, revoke terms,
commands, to invert, alternate, to change, to
displace, to substitute,
interchange, replace one another, to be revoked,
enû
shin of
animals, kurītu
shin,
calf of the leg, knee,
leggings, a measure of length, support, part of a
lock, kimṣu
shine,
to make brilliant, to be
merry, to make love, to copulate, ḫelû
shining,
bright, adj., *ḫelû
shining,
trustworthy, proper, pure
(religiously), polished, lustrous, clean, holy,
ebbu
ship
(W. Sem. Word) anaja
ship,
boat, elippu
ship part,
part of a ship, girmadû,
girmaduššu, ḫušānu
ship side,
enclosure wall, wall of a
building, igāru
ship, sides
(of a boat), region,
territory, alongside, adjacent
to, border, border line, confines, circumference,
around, alongside, itû
shivers of
fear, chills, hoarfrost, ḫurbāšu
shock,
pile of sheaves (on a harvest
field), kurullu
shoemaker,
ēpiš ṣeni
shoe part,
daddu
shore line,
regions (referring to
the four regions of the inhabited world), edge,
kibrātu
shorn,
adj., gazzu
shoot,
send forth shoots, stretch
forth (arm, etc.), sprout, lengthen, flourish, be
grown together, entangled,
crossed, elēpu
shoot (of a
tree), stalk, slip of a
plant, kannu
shoot,
stalk (green), ḫabburu
shore
or bank, this side, the nearer
shore or bank, aḫannā, aḫennā
shore,
bank, aḫātu
shore of
the sea, bank of a river,
canal, ditch, amulet or piece of jewelry worn
around the neck, string of beads,
throat (of a human being, a god, or an animal,
ofen including the head and
shoulders), neck, necklace, neck scarf, edge of a
well, rim of a pot, etc.,
kišādu
shorn,
adj., *gizzu
short,
adj., kurrû
short (in
time or size), short
person, kurû
short, to
become short (said of time),
to be short, shrunken (said of parts of the body),
to be short (said of breath,
temper), to make shorter, to cut short, to cause
hardship, to reduce in size or
number, karû
shortly,
adv., ēṣiš
shoulder of
an animal, imittu
shout,
to brag, alāla, *alālu, atlulu
shouting (to
express complaint, joy,
etc.,) jarūru, jarūrūtu
shovel,
a shovel or spade, gidimmu
shovel,
to scrape together, collect,
to gather, to gather up, to decant, to be
decanted, esēpu
show, to
show, to show, to show
somebody the peg driven in a field (as legal act
accompanying the transfer of a
field), to show an item to be accounted for, to
point out, to show an (ominous)
sign, to show a particular mood or attitude, to be
shown, to produce a person,
a document, to assign, to offer to a god, to
reveal (something hidden), to
expose to the sun, to disclose, reveal, explain,
exhibit, to advise, to
instigate, to teach, to instruct, to give an
order, to make someone experience
prosperity, hardship, offered, to become exposed,
to reveal, to disclose, to
produce, to grant, to disclose, kullumu
shrew or
kind of mouse, ḫulû
shrimp?
erib tâmti
shrine,
open-air shrine, (a niche in
a corner on the street or in a court), ibratu
shrivel,
to wrinkle, to roll up,
kalāṣu
shriveled?
adj., kalṣu
shriveled,
shrunken, crippled,
couchant, adj., ḫummuru
shriveled,
or withered, adj., ḫamadīru
shriveling?
kilṣu
shriveling
(said of trees), ḫamadīrūtu
shrub
or a tree, ḫipūtu
shrunk,
contracted, ḫamru
shrunken,
shriveled, crippled,
couchant, adj., ḫummuru
shut in,
to become constricted,
channel water, to take captive, enclose, to become
enclosed, confine, to stifle
a cry, esēru
shy away,
to become scared, to be in
panic, to cause fear and panic, garāru
sick person
attendance at night,
dilpu
sick, to be
sick, ḫalû
side,
arm, a mole, kittabru
side by
side, erâ
side,
fathom (a measure), bracelet,
edge, border, arm, arm or handle of an instrument,
span or wing, strength, idu
side piece
of a chair or bed, erim,
izi
sides (of
a boat), region,
territory, alongside, adjacent to, border, border
line, confines, circumference,
around, alongside, itû
siege
engine, a siege engine,
kalbānātu
sieve,
arballu
sight,
mirror, gaze, eyesight, wish,
object looked upon, diglu
sign,
mark, feature, characteristic,
diagram, omen, ominous, sign, password, signal,
inside information, notice,
acknowledgment, written proof, ittu
sign,
omen, giskimmu
sign
predicting certain events, barb,
attack, weapon (metaphor for
military strength and aggressiveness), a specific,
individually used weapon,
warfare, troops, standard with divine symbol,
tool, shaft, thorn, a formation
of the exta, kakku
signal,
diagram, characteristic, feature, sign,
mark, omen, ominous, sign,
password, inside information, notice,
acknowledgment, written proof, ittu
silent, to
be silent, ḫesû
silo,
truncated pyramid, storehouse,
storeroom, a container, a box, a vessel, specific
kind of chair, raft (kelek),
excavation (as a geometrical term), kalakku
silver,
a type of silver, ešmarû
silver
currency official, concerned with
weighing silver currency, epithet of gods
and demons, night watchmen, hā’iṭu
silver kept
in a bag for deposit banking,
capital (kept in a bag, to be used for business
transactions),
leather bag for stone weights and
for a merchant’s silver, treasury, kīsu
silver form
used in marriage
transactions and loans on slave girls,
ḫašaḫušenni/u
silver mark
indicating its quality,
ginnu
silver
object, (Hurrian word, ḫilina)
silver or
gold piece, usually of
standardized weight, used in commercial
transactions, ḫitmu
silver or
earthenware container, mainly
for wine, kandu
silver
amount payable by a kezertu-woman
(prostitute), kezertu
silver
amount payable to the overseer of
the pašīšu-priests, by women of a special
status, kezēru
silver
supervisor who witnesses the
weighing of silver, ḫa’iṭānu
silver,
ten shekels of silver, ešartu
silversmith
or gold, kutimmu
sin,
crime, misdeed,
gillatu, gullultu
sin,
crime, punishment,
damage, offense, misdeed, fault,
harm, act of negligence, ḫiṭu
sin,
divine punishment, ennetu
sin, to
commit a sin, gillatu,
gullulu, ennetu, hīṭu, šiṭṭūtu
sin, to
commit a sin or crime, arnu
sin, to
trespass, to
commit an offense, to neglect, to
make a mistake, to fail, miss, to damage, injure,
ḫaṭû
since, because
of the fact that, appiš
sinew
of an animal, gīdu
sing,
to sing the inḫu
song, anāḫu
singer,
a type of singer, aštalû,
eštalû
singer,
chief singer of dirges (in a
temple), galmāḫu
single,
ēdumānu
single,
only, solitary,
ēdēnû
single
person or object, individual,
solitary, ēdu
singly,
each separately, aḫennā, aḫinnū
singly,
once, one-by-one, one apiece,
ištēnâ
singly,
separately, aḫunē
sinner,
ḫāṭû
sister,
aḫātu
sister-in-law, wife of a son living in his
father’s household, daughter-in-law,
bride, kallatu
sister, position of an adopted sister,
aḫātûtu
sit down,
wait, sit idly, mourn,
officiate (of kings, etc.), stay somewhere,
reside, populated, to live, ašābu[2]
sitting,
present, tenant, living in
a house, inhabitant of town, ašbu
size, short
(in size or time), short
person, kurû
skill,
itbārūtu
skilled, educated, experienced, wise, wily,
emqu
skin
discoloration, mark on skin,
ibāru
skin
disease, a malignant skin
disease, probably leprosy, garāṣu
skin
disease, epqennu, gurārtu, kiṣṣatu
skin
growth, fatty tissue around the
intestine, ḫimṣu
skin growth
or boil, kuzillatu
skin,
hide, kūšu
skin, swollen or inflated skin, ellamkušu
skin, to
skin, to flay, to strip
off, kuṣṣu,
to skin, to be flayed, kâṣu
skinned,
kīṣu
skipping
rope, keppû
skirmish,
to skirmish, anantu
skull,
a skull, container shaped like a
human skull, gulgullu
sky god,
name of highest god, Anu
sky,
sheath, ceiling, heaven, cover,
wrap, ermu
slab,
dabtu
slag,
ḫaḫû, ḫuḫû
slain,
killed (said of persons,
animals and trees), diku
slander,
egirrû, in bēl egirrê
slander,
to break off (a piece of
wood, cane, a bone, etc.,), to break up a herd, to
pinch off, to pinch off
clay, to stampede, karāṣu
slanderer,
backbiter, emetukû
slaughter,
catastrophe,
annihilation, karašû
slaughter,
to slaughter, ḫatāpu
slave,
abdu
slave,
born in the house, dušmû
slave
born in the house status,
dušmûtu
slave
capture, a raid to conquer,
plunder and capture slaves, to make a razzia,
šiḫṭu
slave girl,
(a kind of slave girl), ḫarmitu
slave girl,
servant girl, amtu, andu
slave girl
status, amtuttu
slave mark,
ḫuṭārtu
slave
occupation, of the arad ekalli,
arad-ekallūtu
slave of
the palace, arad ekalli
slave,
official shaving of a slave,
gallābūtu
slave
quarters, females, amtu in bīt
amāti
slave,
status as a royal slave,
amat-šarrūtu
slave,
to act as a slave, rēšūtu
slave,
to become a slave, enslaved,
rēšûtu
slave,
to serve as a slave, ardūtu
slave
market and real estate official,
recording and witnessing transactions concerning
real estate and slaves,
kakikku
slaver
produced from
the mouth of angry gods, demons, humans
and
animals, poison, poisonous foam, spittle,
imtu
slavery,
vassalage, worshipper, role
of a worshipper, position of a royal official,
ardūtu
slaves,
(collective), servants,
aštapiru
slayer,
damu, in bēl dami
slaying,
kin, blood money, blood,
bloodshed, damu
sledge or
roller, gurgugu
sleeping
quarters, bed, kibānu
sleeplessness,
as a disease, dulpu
sleeplessness,
trouble, diliptu
sleepy,
heavy-eyed (from lack of
sleep), dullupu
slime,
spittle, cough (as a
disease), ḫaḫḫu
sling, aspu, gabābu
slingstone,
assukku
slink,
creep, to steal, ḫalālu
slip in or
through, to enter
surreptitiously, to cover, clothe, to be
intertwined (said of trees), to coat
with bronze, ḫalāpu
slip of a
plant, stalk, shoot (of a
tree), kannu
slit,
to slit, eṣū
slow down,
to hinder, karāmu
smell,
scent, fragrance, erešu
smite,
fight, defeat, to be killed,
execute, kill, to kill a person or animal, murder,
break a tablet, dâku
small,
adj., daqīqu
small,
adv. daqqaqīta
small
amounts left over, daqqātu
small child,
small, adj. daqqu
small,
inferior, dallu
small of
the back, kidney of an animal,
region of the kidneys, a constellation or fixed
star, gibbous moon, kalītu
small one (personal name), diqqu
small, too
small, little, few,
complete, as is, īṣu
small,
very small, duqququ
smash,
to destroy an object, to
break (a tablet), to invalidate (a document), to
repudiate (an agreement), to
wreck, demolish,ruin, to cut wood trees, to split
in half, divide, to break
off, to crush, injure, hurt, to break into, ḫepû
smashed,
broken, dīšu
smear, to
smear on (a paint or
liquid), to be smeared, to wipe off, to clean
objects, to rub, to purify
magically, to be rubbed, kapāru
smell,
to smell an odor, to smell
bad, to make something smell bad, to provide with
a good smell, to cause
someone to smell an odor, eṣēnu
smelt
copper, to smelt or mine
copper, erû-a’
smelt iron, to smelt iron, parzillu
smite, to
smite, ḫatû
smith,
oven (of the smith, potter,
etc.), furnace, kiln, craftsman, armorer, engineer
(as a category of soldier)
kiškattû
smoothed,
honored (said ofdeities),
beloved, adj., kunnû
snake,
(also a rodent) asqūdu
snake, a
snake, ḫulmaḫu
snake, a
snake, eel-like fish, a
bird, kuppū
snake, a
snake, plates of armor, a
hatchet, kurṣindu
snake bite
medication, wad made of reeds,
ḫimû
snake or
a lizard, ḫulmittu
snake scute,
a type of song,
pectoral, breast, breastbone, breast strap (of a
harness), chest, irtu
snare,
loop, loop-like formation on
the exta, calamity, kippu
snare, to tie, harness,
ḫabālu
snatch,
take away by force, to rob,
to commit a robbery, ḫabātu
sneering or sniffing at something, ganṣu
sniff, to wrinkle one’s nose, ganāṣu
sniffing
or sneering at something,
ganṣu
snout,
appītu
snout,
muzzle, ḫuṭṭimmu
snow,
ice, cold, kuppū
so much,
so many, akukia
so that,
if, in case, in the manner
of, according to, as soon as, when, as, that,
whether, because, on account of,
conj. kīma
so that,
that, on account of the
fact, because, aššum
so,
thus, kīšuma
soak,
to have soaked, to immerse, to
dam (a canal or waterway), obstruct, intertwine,
to do promptly?, to have done
promptly?, immersed, to become intertwined?, to be
done promptly?, karāku
sociable, cooperative, adj., itbārānu
social
class, a social class,
kungušakku
social
class, domestics of a palace,
temple or large estate, often attached as
attendants to the person of a king,
girseqû
social
class, profession, or
official, kussalili
social
equals, group of social equals,
status of social equality, kinattūtu
social
relationship, ḫabû
social
status, age group
designation, ḫuduššu
social
status or position,
discipline of an army, foundation of a building,
wall, gate, etc., foundation
of a reign or government, base,
administrative or political reorganization
(of a country or city),
support, assurance of continuation of a family,
bottom (of the interior of a
container or of the exterior of an object),
potstand, base of a tree, root of
plants or parts of the body and the exta, lower
extremities, stance, horizon,
damp course, išdu
socle, cult
socle, or chapel,
kikurrû
socle,
footstool, pedestal,
threshing board, a part of the liver, kilzappu
sodimize,
to practice sodomy,
asinnūtu
soil, a
type of hard soil, kankallu
soil, a
type of soil or plot, išdaḫḫu
soil,
territory, scales, earth,
loose earth, debris, dust, ore,
mortar,
area volume, eperu
soil, hard
unusable soil, wasteland,
ašartu
soldier, a soldier, ašannu
soldier, a type of soldier, ālik sēri,
ḫurādu
soldier, a
type of soldier,
craftsman, (lit one who carries with him the
symbol of a craft), kakku, in bēl
kakki
soldier, a
type of soldier or
worker, ḫuṭāru
soldier, servant, follower, vassel, subject of a
king, worshipper, ardu
soldier stationed in an outpost, kādu, in ša
kādi
soldiers,
contingent of soldiers,
ridge wall, stricture as a disease, congestion,
tablet, list, kiṣirtu
soldier’s
linen headgear, (a piece of),
karballatu
sole of the
foot, in kibis
šēpi, access, approach,
vestiges, traces, tracks, track (as a physical
feature), steps (made by human
beings, animals, demons, etc.,), walk, gait, path,
pressing of dates, path (in
metaphoric use), way of acting, rite, behavior,
etc., deduction, allowance,
kibsu
solid, massive, to make massive, to
solidify, to become solid, epēqu
solid,
strong, itpuqu
solid,
strong, hard, heavy, thick,
massive, fortified, steady, loud, legitimate,
binding, reliable, powerful,
mighty, great, fierce, savage, difficult,
dangerous, serious, grave, obstinate,
bad, tyrannical, harsh, urgent, essential,
imperative, pressing, dannu
solidly,
dunnuniš
solitary,
single, only, ēdēnû
solitary,
single person or object,
individual, ēdu
someone,
something, ajumma
somebody,
anybody, mankind, the
human species, human being, people, amīlūtu
something,
someone, ajumma
somewhere,
ajakamma, ajīšamma
somewhere,
ajēma
son,
ḫūrū
son, a word
for son, kudurru
son,
heir, oldest son, aplu
son-in-law,
brother-in-law,
bridegroom, relative by marriage, ḫatānu
son-in-law,
father-in-law, husband’s
sister, son of wife’s sister, emu
son,
youngest son, youngster,
novice, agašgû
song, a
kind of song, gangiṭṭu,
karsû
song, a
type of song, elilu,
ištarūtu, kerru
song, a
type of song, pectoral,
breast, breastbone, breast strap (of a harness),
chest, scute (of a snake),
irtu
song
finale, finale of a song,
captivity, imprisonment, kīlu
song or
a tune, inḫu
soon after,
afterward, arkītam
soon,
promptly, without delay, arḫiš
sorcerer,
kaššāpu
sorcerer,
a kind or sorcerer,
agugillu, (m.) agugiltu (f.)
sorcerer,
reed plaiter, workman,
ēpišu
sorceress,
ēpištu
sorceress,
witch, kaššāptu
sorcery
or witchcraft kišpū
sorrow,
edirtu, idištu
sorting of
the date harvest, sum
total, kumurrū
sound,
regular, reliable, true,
just, honest, decent, loyal, correct, normal,
legitimate, firm (in place), kīnu
soup, emmer soup, describing a dish of
emmer soup, adj., ḫaššu
sour,
adj., emṣu, ḫarû
soured
milk, casein glue? Kisimmu
spade,
kuštibu
spade, a spade
or shovel, gidimmu
span or
wing, side, fathom (a
measure), bracelet, edge, border, arm, arm or
handle of an instrument,
strength, idu
spare,
save, to be saved, neglect,
to leave something with or to a person, lend, to
lend money, set aside,
reserve, leave, leave behind, leave to posterity,
leave a token remnant of
land, desert, to abandon, disregard, to entrust,
bequeath, divorce, to make out
a legal document, leave out, to leave one another,
ezēbu
spare, to save, to come to an agreement, to
make mutual concessions, to
perform a kind act, to act so as to please, to be
obliging, gamālu
spasms,
suffer from, distress, cause
distress, disturbed, despair, distraught, worried,
to mistreat, ašāšu
spawn,
to spawn, erūtu
spear,
ariktu, arkatu, da’imu, da’umu
spear, a
kind of spear or lance,
imittu
spear
or needle, dalû
speak, to
speak, make an utterance, ḫâdu,
speak,
to talk, tell, relate,
recite, come to agreement, negotiate, plead,
litigate, complain, dabābu
special
qualification, share (a
portion of land, or booty, income from a secular
or a temple office, property,
lot, portion, assigned by lot, lot, fortune,
power, emblem, isqu
speck,
ḫirdu
speckle,
to speckle?, karāṭu
speech,
ability to speak,
pronouncement, wording, atmû
speech,
command, settling and
rendering of accounts, equipment, achievement,
evil machination, deed, act,
witchcraft, work, ipšu
speech
defect, person with a speech
defect, ḫasû
speech
disorder, aphasia, kadibbidû
speed, promptness, ḫamuttu
speedily,
quickly, adv., ḫitmuṭiš
spend, to concentrate, to encompass, to
possess in full, finish, to finish,
to bring to an end, to control, to annihilate, to
use up, to settle, to pay or
deliver in full, to use one’s full strength, to
render a final verdict, to
cause to spend, to give in full, to hold together,
to be annihilated, ruined,
to be brought to an end, used up, to be settled,
gamāru
spew,
to vomit, kâ’u
sphincter,
contracting muscle,
constipation, constriction, control?, isiltu
spice,
a spice, amūmu, ḫuri’ānu, ḫuri’u
spice, a
spice from the seeds of a
plant, ḫašu
spice
or perfume, jaruttu
spider,
anzūzu, ettūtu
spider, a
spieces of spider, ḫādilu
spill?,
gišgirru
spilling
(in libating), tilting, kuṣā’u
spin, to
spin, darāru
spine,
battering ram part, keel of a
ship, backbone, eṣenṣēru
spirit,
mind, liver? emotions, inside
of the body, thoughts, kabattu
spirit of a
deceased child, evil
spirit, demon, deity, god, the
god, protective deity (daimon), good fortune,
luck, image of a deity, a pair of
gods, ilu
spirit of
the dead, reventant ghost,
specter, eṭemmu
spirited, to be overbearing, to make
fierce, arrogant, kadāru
spit,
needle, gubru
spittle, slaver produced from the
mouth of angry gods, demons, humans and animals,
poison, poisonous foam, imtu
spittle,
slime, cough (as a
disease), ḫaḫḫu
spittle,
vomit, ḫuḫḫītu
splendor,
appearance of awesome
splendor, igisuṣillû
splinter of
wood, kiksu
split,
broken, halved, adj., ḫepu
split, to
split, crack, ḫuppupu
split in
half, wreck, to smash, to
destroy an object, to break (a tablet), to
invalidate (a document), to
repudiate (an agreement), demolish, ruin, to cut
wood trees, divide, to break
off, to crush, injure, hurt, to break into, ḫepû
spoiled, to
be spoiled, to treat an
object, a building, a dead person with tender
care, to honor a deity, to
treat a person kindly, to treat with
honor, kunnû
spoils,
profits, gain, booty, ḫimṣātu
spoke
of a wheel, akkandaš
spoken word,
utterance, news,
report, formula, amatu
sponge down
a horse, rasīnu
spoon (for
eating, dipping up ointments),
shallow bowl (as the dish of a scale, blade of an
oar, bowl of the seeder of a
plow, etc., a salve, itquru
spouse,
ḫa’āru
spread
dates for sorting, to pile
up, to heap up, to add (as a math term), to
accumulate, to have in store, to be
heaped up, accumulated, to be heaped up (said of
ruin mounds [tumuli] and
corpses), kamāru
spring,
eye, pebble, eye-shaped
pebble (of precious stone), wheel hub, net
interstice, hole (of a kiln), bubble, īnu
spring
grass, spring pasture,
spring, dīšu
spring
(lamb/kid), adj., ḫurāpu
sprinkle,
to decorate, elēhu
sprout,
to send forth shoots,
lengthen, stretch forth (arm, etc.), flourish, be
grown together, entangled,
crossed, elēpu
sprout,
elû, giammalu
sprout,
poetic word for sprout,
edēšu
spur?
ḫindūru
spy,
observer, dagiltu, in ša
dagilti
spyhole,
inspector, watchful, said of
gods and demons, ḫa’āṭu
squat,
thick, honored, heavy,
kubbutu
squat,
to kneel, to kneel in prayer
or in submission, to kneel down, to be in a
kneeling position, to have someone
kneel down, kamāsu
squeeze out,
to press, to clean by
combing, ḫalāṣu
stability,
fastening, procedures of
the diviner, kūnu
stability,
loyalty, correct measure,
correct behavior, justice, truth, permanency,
kīnātu
stable?,
(Hurrian word), atnannu
stable
keeper, atnannuḫlu
stableman,
hostler, guzi
stable,
mule stable, kūdanu, in bīt
kūdini
stable,
overseer of the mule stable,
kūdanu, in ša bīt kūdini
staff,
hooked or curved staff, gamlu
staff,
like a hooked or curved staff, adv.,
gamliš
staff,
sacred staff, stick, ḫuṭāru
staff,
stick, scepter, branch, twig,
shelf, ḫaṭṭu
stag,
deer, ajalu, jalu, julu
stagger,
to stagger, to be giddy,
dâmu
stake,
irkû
stake,
a kind of stake, giššaškû
stake for
impalement, gašīšu
stake,
peg, irru
stalk of
grain, išinnu
stalk,
shoot, (green), ḫabburu
stalk,
slip of a plant, shoot (of a
tree), kannu
stamp, to
stamp out a fire, to make a
road or ramp by compressing and
stamping the soil, to trample, to put
pressure upon a person, to pace off, to
walk upon, to stride, to forgive,
pardon a sin, to defeat an enemy, to make compact,
to bother, to crush, to step
into something unclean accidentally, to step upon
something on purpose, to make
people do work, to press people, to suppress
noise, to full cloth, to let time
pass, to make regulations, to come in, to exert
oneself, to drop a claim, a
case, to put reciprocal pressure on each other, to
allow to walk about, to make
concessions, to submit oneself, kabāsu
stampede,
to break up a herd, to
slander, to break off (a piece of wood, cane, a
bone, etc.,), to pinch off, to
pinch off clay, karāṣu
stand,
foot-like stand of a “fish
man,” kantappu
stand, a
wooden stand or platform,
karû
stand, to
stand, itussu, izuzzu[3]
standard,
permanent, ordinary,
normal, customary, ginû
standard,
royal standard, itḫuru
standard
with divine symbol, sign
predicting certain events, barb,
attack, weapon (metaphor for military strength and
aggressiveness), a specific,
individually used weapon, warfare, troops, tool,
shaft, thorn, a formation of
the exta, kakku
stance,
potstand, root of plants or
parts of the body and the exta, lower extremities,
base, foundation of a
building, wall, gate, etc., base of a tree,
foundation of a reign, government,
administrative or political
reorganization (of a country or city), discipline
of an army, social status or
position, support, assurance of continuation of a
family, bottom (of the
interior of a container or of the exterior of an
object), horizon, damp course,
išdu
stanchion,
support, tax, impost,
obligation to work, a tag or piece of jewelry,
imdu
staples or
materials to be delivered,
finished products, materials or supplies for
workmen, work assigned to be
performed, a kind of tax, field on which i-work
is to be performed, iškaru
star,
constellation or fixed star,
small of
the back, kidney of an
animal, region of the kidneys, gibbous moon,
kalītu
star, falling
star, meteor,
star-shaped object or formation, kakkabu
star,
falling star, meteor,
star-shaped object or formation, star, kakkabu
star, like
a star, adv., kakkabiš
star-like,
covered with stars,
kakkabānu
star, name
of a star, ḫabaṣirānu
star,
star-shaped object or formation,
falling
star, meteor, star,
kakkabu
star symbol,
star-shaped ornament,
star-shaped brand, kakkabtu
star’s
position, gisgallu
stater,
*istatirru
stationary,
to remain stationary
(said of planets), to be firm in place, to be
secure (said of a foundation), a
rule, a position, to last, endure, to remain in
effect, to be loyal, honest,
reliable, correct, to be well disciplined, to
remain quantitatively constant,
to place an object correctly or in a specific
place (said of ritual and votive
objects, of tablets, food, and other objects), to
set up a stela, a boundary
stone, an inscription, an image, to place parts of
a construction in correct
position, to establish the foundation of a
building, to erect a wall, a
building, a city, to lay out a watercourse, a
boundary, to impose tribute, a
fine, to levy taxes, to establish regular
deliveries and offerings, etc., to
establish laws, regulations, rituals, fame, to
organize, to put in order, to
assign a person to a position, an office, to
grant, assign good fortune a
calamity, etc., to assign fields, houses, staples,
etc., to maintain and
preserve the rule, the life of a person, the
safety of an object, the
permanence of a city, etc., to testify, to make a
statement as a witness, to act
as a witness, to establish as true by means of
witnesses, to confirm, to
certify, to establish (in math and astronomy), to
be confirmed, kânu
statue of a
goddess, personal or
protective goddess, ištaru
status of a
deity, divine power,
divine nature, divine rank, ilūtu
stay, to
stay, keep in custody, in
confinement, to be kept away, to keep available,
to keep someone from doing
something, hold back a person, delay, to detain,
to distrain, to prevent, to
hinder, to withhold, refuse goods, merchandise,
deliveries, to keep, withhold a
document, a tablet, to deny a wish, a request, to
withhold a document, tablet,
to deny a wish, request, to withhold tribute,
gifts, to stop, detain, delay a
boat, to cut off, deny water for irrigation, to
retain food, urine, etc., to
block progress, a road, to check an animal, to
reserve, to place at someone’s
disposal, to finish, to bring to an end, to stop,
interrupt doing something, to
come to an end, to be finished, to cease to be
delayed with negation, to do
something without ceasing, without delay,
immediately, to stop repeatedly, to
hold up, to hold back, to cause to detain, to
hinder, to stop, to cause to
stop, to be held back, to be delayed (referring to
persons), to be confined, to
be retained, to be withheld (referring to
objects), to be finished, to be
closed, to remain, to cease, to stop, to linger
behind, kalû
stay
somewhere, sit down, wait, sit
idly, mourn, officiate (of kings, etc.), reside,
populated, to live, ašābu
steady, urgent, pressing, powerful, mighty,
essential, dangerous, difficult,
great, grave, fortified, fierce, binding, heavy,
hard, solid, strong,
thick, massive, loud, legitimate, reliable,
savage, serious, obstinate, bad, tyrannical,
harsh, imperative, dannu
steady,
usual, regular, normal, (also a
name of Saturn), adj., kajamānu
steadily,
constantly, adv., kajaman
steadily,
loyally, in due form,
correctly, according to expectation, duly,
truthfully, firmly, kīniš
steal,
to slink, creep, ḫalālu
stealth,
ḫillūtu
stealthily,
adv., *ḫallalāniš
steer a
boat, to rule, lead, bring
people/animals, guide, to have brought, send,
guide safely, arû
stele,
(Iscribed with text or
pictures), asumittu
stem of a
horn, lineage, family,
wood shavings, trunk of a tree, stump in exta,
kisittu
step of
a staircase, pace, ebertu
step, to
step into something unclean
accidentally, to step upon something on
purpose, to trample, to crush,
defeat an enemy, to bother, to make people do
work, to press people, to stamp
out a fire, to suppress noise, to make compact, to
full cloth, to let time
pass, to stride, to walk upon, to pace off, to
make regulations, to come in, to
exert oneself, to put pressure upon a person, to
drop a claim, a case, to
forgive, pardon a sin, to put reciprocal pressure
on each other, to allow to
walk about, to trample, to make a road or ramp by
compressing and stamping the
soil, to make concessions, to submit oneself,
kabāsu
steps (made
by human beings, animals,
demons, etc.,), tracks, walk, gait, path,
track (as a physical feature),
traces, vestiges, approach, access, sole of the
foot, in kibis šēpi, pressing of dates, path
(in metaphoric use), way of
acting, rite, behavior, etc., deduction,
allowance, kibsu
steppe,
kaṣû
sterile
man, eunuch, ālidu, in la ālidu
sternam or
part of the ribs,
katappātu
stick,
sacred staff, ḫuṭāru
stick, a
heavy stick used as a weapon,
bat or cudgel? gišginû
stick, a
strong stick, giškallu
stick,
scepter, staff, branch, twig,
shelf, ḫaṭṭu
stiffness,
ašṭūtu
stifle a
cry, to shut in, to become
constricted, channel water, to take captive,
enclose, to become enclosed,
confine, esēru
stillborn
or premature child,
monstrous shape, a demon, kūbu
sting,
to pierce, insert into a
center, to become severed, dakāšu
stinking, bitter, ḫappu
stir up,
roil water, blur eyes,
disturb, embarrass, denounce, interfere, confuse,
become troubled, dalāḫu
stomach,
part of a ruminant’s stomach, kukkudru
stomach, part of the animal stomach,
kukkubānu, kukkubātu
stone, a stone,
amargirimḫilibû,
amarḫilibû, antasurrû, elligu, ezennû, ḫalpû,
ḫaltu, ḫina
stone,
a stone, elallu, ajaraḫu (see
urijaḫu),[4]
agusīgu, gusīgu, ḫusīgu, kusīgu, egizaggû, *ḫubbu
stone, a
stone, immanakku, janibu,
jartu, kurgarrānu, kurumtu
stone,
abnu, ešû
stone,
greenish, precious, abašmû
stone, a
kind of stone, a kind of
brier, ḫandabillu
stone
appellation, adj., like a galālu-stone,
pebble, (as a personal
name), galālānu
stone,
a precious stone, azalwannu, elluku,
elmešu, gamēsu, *girimḫillibû,
girinnu, ḫalānu, ḫannaḫūru, stone, a precious
stone, ḫaršanānu, ḫašenni, ḫerizzi,
ḫilibû, ḫilipakku, ḫulālu, kakkussu
stone, a
red stone (lit. mustard-like),
kašanītu
stone, a
stone,
blue-green color, ḫasmanu
stone, a
stone,
leek, karašu
stone,
a type of ḫulālu-stone,
ḫulāl
īni
stone, a
type of
šubû-stone,
kibaltu
stone flask
for perfume, imbu’u
stone, bowl
of stone or metal,
trough (for water or beer, often made of
bitumen-coated reeds), kuninnu
stone (lit.
bird stone), iṣṣūru, in
aban iṣṣūri
stone, like
the ḫulālu stone, *ḫulālû
stone,
malachite, esmekku
stone mason,
jeweler, kabšarru
stone or
form of it thought to insure
easy childbirth, ittamir
stone,
precious stone, garment, eḫlipakku,
ḫusāru
stone,
pressing stone? esiratu
stone,
slingstone, pestle, limestone,
abattu
stone
or copper colossus in shape of
animal,
stone
or plant, ašgikû
stone used
as a charm, ḫusīgu
stone
vessel, pebble, išqillatu
stony
ground, kāpītu
stool, a
stool, kiturru
stool
bearer (at title of a temple
official), kiturru, in ša kiturrišu
stop, to stop, to cause to stop, to stop
repeatedly, to detain, delay a
boat, withhold a document, a tablet, withhold,
refuse, goods, merchandise,
deliveries, to withhold tribute, hinder, to
prevent, to distrain, keep in
custody, in confinement, hold
back a
person, delay, to detain, to to keep, to deny a
wish, a request, to deny a
wish, request, gifts, to cut off, deny water for
irrigation, to retain food,
urine, etc., to block progress, a road, to check
an animal, to reserve, to
place at someone’s disposal, to keep available, to
finish, to bring to an end,
to stop, interrupt doing something, to come to an
end, to be finished, to cease
to be delayed with negation, to do something
without ceasing, without delay,
immediately, to hold up, to hold back, to cause to
detain, to keep someone from
doing something, to hinder, to hold back, to be
held back, to be delayed
(referring to persons), to be confined, to be
retained, to be withheld
(referring to objects), to be finished, to be
closed, to remain, to stay, to be
kept away, to cease, to linger behind, kalû
stopped up,
to be constipated, esēlu
store, to have in store, spread dates for
sorting, to pile up, to heap
up, to add (as a math term), to accumulate to be
heaped up, accumulated, to be
heaped up (said of ruin mounds [tumuli] and
corpses), kamāru
store,
to pile up, to keep, karāmu
store, to
put in storage, kanāzu
storage
area, pile of barley, karamu
storage
area chief, karamu, in rab
karammi
storage bin
or jar, produce of a
field, yield, išpikū
storage
building overseer, kalakku,
in amēl kalakki
storage
chamber, ašlukkatu
storage jar,
ḫuttu
storage
place for straw, barn,
kurdiššu
storage
room for wine and foodstuffs,
kannu, in bīt kanni
storage
room or building, living
quarters, ganūnu
store, to
store, to pile up in
heaps, garānu
storehouse,
karû, in bīt karê
storehouse,
kunukku, in bīt kunukki
storehouse?
Ammušmu
storehouse,
ašahhu, esittu, ešittu
storehouse,
barn, ḫašīmu
storehouse
for beer, barley large
containers, ḫiburnu, in bīt ḫiburni
storehouse
for irbu-income, irbu, in bīt
irbi
storehouse,
granary, arahhu
storehouse
keeper, ḫuršu, in rab ḫuršāti
storehouse, larder, ḫuršu
storehouse,
main storehouse, ganūnmāḫu
storehouse,
of a temple, abūsu
storehouse
overseer, bēl abūsi
storehouse, storeroom, raft (kelek), silo,
truncated pyramid, a container,
a box, a vessel, specific kind of chair,
excavation (as a geometrical term),
kalakku
storehouse,
treasury, treasures,
išittu
storeroom,
a storeroom, gunû
storeroom
of a temple,
kizalaqu
storeroom
for beer, potstand,
ganganu
storeroom,
in an inner room of a house,
ganūngurru
storeroom?,
rented house,
kiṣru, in bit kiṣri
storm,
igibrû
storm, dust storm,
ašamšūtu,
ašmētu
storm,
like a dust storm, ašamšāniš
stove,
kiln, brazier, a ritual performed
with the
kinūnu festival during which
the ritual is performed, month of the festival,
name of a demon, kinūnu
straight,
ešeriš
straight, normal, regular, ordinary, in good
condition, prosperous,
favorable, fair, just, correct, loose (said of the
bowels), išaru
straighten
up, to
go straight toward, to charge (an enemy),
to
thrive, to prosper, to be or become all right, to
move the bowels, to proceed,
to move straight ahead, to cause to move along a
straight or correct course, to
inject an enema, to make do the right thing, to
prepare, to proceed, march on,
to thrive, prosper, to give birth easily, to send,
dispatch, to put or keep in
good order, clear up, to set aright, to provide
justice, to give correct
decisions, insure the correct performance of a
ritual, to advance against,
tobecome successful, to be put in order, to be
fitted out correctly, ešēru
strand,
twist (of hair),
kuništu
stranger,
outsider, kamâtu, in ša
kawâti
strangle,
to constrict, compress, to
be annoyed, ḫanāqu
strangled,
adj., ḫanqu
strangler,
ḫāniqu
strangler,
a kind of fastening, ḫannāqu
strap,
a strap, emû
strap,
band, abšu, apšu, idru
strap,
a leather
strap, ḫalīṣu
strap,
bandage, e’al’u
strap
of leather or metal, kurussu
stratagem,
plan, ḫimiltu
straw,
eltu
straw,
chopped straw (as fodder for
sheep, goats, donkeys, horses and for making
bricks, fodder, food for domestic
animals, kissatu
straw,
chopped straw, chaff, ḫabšu
strength,
abāru, apāru, emāšu,
gamīru
strength,
arm, isḫu
strength,
arm, arm or handle of an
instrument, wing or span, side, fathom (a
measure), bracelet, edge, border, idu
strength,
armed forces, army,
violence, executive power, ability, value, emūqu
strength,
full strength, full force,
kibittu
strength,
lacking power or strength,
adj., kiššû, in la kiššû
strength,
might, kiššu
strength,
might, superiority, force,
violence, severity (said of cold weather), danānu
strength,
military, weapon (metaphor for
military strength and aggressiveness),
shaft, standard with divine symbol,
sign predicting certain events, barb,
attack, , a specific, individually used weapon,
warfare, troops, tool, thorn, a
formation of the exta, kakku
strength
(physical), power, force,
violence, severity, fort, fortified house and
area, foundation, depth, firm
ground, bedrock, lump, dunnu
strength,
power, harshness,
violence, fortress, dannūtu
strength,
structure, wrath, mountain
fastness, bond (of a mountain, wall), anger,
feature of the exta, joint of the
human or animal body, payment in kind for services
or taxes, rent payment, team
of workmen or experts, troop, contingent of
soldiers, knot made for magic
purposes, concentration, joint, node, knot of a
plant, section of a text or
region, possessions, treasures, stricture of the
alimentary canal, obstruction
in a canal, lump, meterorite?, clasp, handle, an
astronomical term, kiṣru
strength,
superior strength, adj., guššuru
strength,
supremacy, gašrūtu
strength,
to demonstrate strength,
danānu
strength,
to show overpowering
strength, gamīrūtu
strength,
physical strength, might,
power, totality, kiššūtu
strengthen,
to repair, to give
relief, to compose a text, collect, construct, to
construct buildings, etc.,
join, to tie, bind together, to organize, assemble
a body of soldiers into a
military formation, to form a herd of animals, to
make regulations, to organize
a group, a country, to set up a battle array, to
prepare for battle, to plot
evil, to cluster, gather, concentrate, make
compact, to work for wages, to
become joined, put together, to tie together, to
surround with a fence or net,
to fortify, to assemble, to prepare for battle, to
compact, to assemble, to
make ready for battle, to concentrate, to join
together, to make ready for
battle, to make ready, to gather, to be tied,
bound together, kaṣāru
stretch
forth (arm, etc.), sprout,
to send forth shoots, lengthen, flourish, be grown
together, entangled,
crossed, elēpu
stretch,
to stretch membrance over
something, arāmu
strict
words or orders, severe, dannātu
stricture
(disease), narrows of a
river, ḫinqu
stricture
of the alimentary canal,
possessions, section of a text or region,
structure, mountain fastness, bond
(of a mountain, wall), anger, feature of the exta,
joint of the human or animal
body, payment in kind for services or taxes, rent
payment, team of workmen or
experts, troop, contingent of soldiers, knot made
for magic purposes, wrath,
concentration, strength, joint, node, knot of a
plant, treasures, obstruction
in a canal, lump, meterorite?, clasp, handle, an
astronomical term, kiṣru
stride, to
stride, to forgive,
pardon a sin, to defeat an enemy, to make compact,
to bother, to crush, to step
into something unclean accidentally, to step upon
something on purpose, to make
people do work, to press people, to stamp out a
fire, to suppress noise, to
full cloth, to let time pass, to walk upon, to
pace off, to make regulations,
to come in, to exert oneself, to put pressure upon
a person, to drop a claim, a
caseto put reciprocal pressure on each other, to
allow to walk about, to
trample, to make a road or ramp by compressing and
stamping the soil, to make
concessions, to submit oneself, kabāsu
strife,
battle (poetic term) anantu
strike,
to break off, to cut off,
karātu
string,
belt, izḫu
string of
beads, throat (of a human
being, a god, or an animal, ofen including the
head and shoulders), neck,
necklace, piece of jewelry or amulet worn around
the neck, neck scarf, bank of
a river, canal, ditch, shore of the sea, edge of a
well, rim of a pot, etc.,
kišādu
stringed
instrument, ḫarḫarru
strip, long
strip made of reeds,
girrigû
strip,
rob, to despoil, to take
off clothing by force, ḫamāṣu
strip, to
strip off, to skin, to
flay, kuṣṣu,
to skin, to be flayed,
kâṣu
strip, to
strip, to trim down, to be terminated,
clip, kapāru
strong,
emamu
strong,
adj. adallu, gabru, gašru, ḫušua
strong,
adj., emūqu, in šūt emūqi
strong
(epithet of Īštar),
*itburu
strong,
hard, difficult, fierce, ašṭu
strong,
heroic, alru, datnu
strong,
massive, eŝqu
strong,
mighty, kaššu
strong
person, emuqu, in bēl emūqi
strong,
(personal name), adj., gabbāru
strong,
powerful, adj., kapkapu
strong,
serious, important, dunnunu
strong,
solid, itpuqu
strong, to
become strong, heavy, to
become fat, thick, to make thick, to be constantly
puffed up, kabāru
strong,
to become strong,
strengthen, to increase, reinforce, make valid, to
speak severely, to deliver
promptly, to bequeath, become stronger, become
even thickness, to contend for
superiority, danānu
strong, to
make strong? to yield
profit, to make a profit, kašû
structure,
mountain fastness, bond
(of a mountain, wall), anger, feature of the exta,
joint of the human or animal
body, payment in kind for services or taxes, rent
payment, team of workmen or
experts, troop, contingent of soldiers, knot made
for magic purposes, wrath,
concentration, strength, joint, node, knot of a
plant, section of a text or
region, possessions, treasures, stricture of the
alimentary canal, obstruction
in a canal, lump, meterorite?, clasp, handle, an
astronomical term, kiṣru
study,
to study, to
remind, investigate, to worry, to give
information, to pay attention, to be concerned,
worried, to
be pious, to think of a deity = to heed a
diety, to think of a person (said of gods and
kings = to care for, to mention, ḫasāsu
stuff, to
stuff?, ḫarāṣu
stumble,
hobble, perverse, to twist,
become twisted, cross, confused, maneuver for a
position, to feint,
egēru
stump in
exta, stem of a horn,
lineage, family, wood shavings, trunk of a tree,
kisittu
stupid
(lit. a person with a
shriveled ear), ḫuzzumu
stupor, in
a stupor, to be in
depression, kâru
subject,
to subject oneself, to subjugate, to
bow down, to make bow, to
bend, to bend down, to
submit to an
overlord, a deity, to
submit to a
decision, to force into submission, to make
submissive, to construct an
incline, kanāšu
subjected,
submissive, kanšu
submissive,
subjected, kanšu
submissively,
adv., kanšiš
submissiveness,
kanšūtu
submit, to
submit, ḫanāšu
submit, to
submit oneself, to put
pressure upon a person, to put reciprocal pressure
on each other, to press
people, to pace off, to
walk upon,
to stride, to forgive, pardon a sin, to defeat an
enemy, to make compact, to
bother, to crush, to step into something unclean
accidentally, to step upon
something on purpose, to make people do work, to
stamp out a fire, to suppress
noise, to full cloth, to let time pass, to make
regulations, to come in, to
exert oneself, to drop a claim, a case, to allow
to walk about, to trample, to
make a road or ramp by compressing and stamping
the soil, to make concessions,
kabāsu
submit, to
submit oneself?, to be
low or short, to suffer physical collapse, to
descend to the horizon (in
astrology), katātu
submit, to
submit to an overlord, a deity,
to submit to a decision, to
force into submission, to make submissive, to bend
down, to bow down, to
construct an incline, to subject oneself, to bend,
to make bow, to
subjugate,kanāšu
substance,
an ill-smelling
substance,
kuzublatû
substantial,
severe, serious,
influential person at the royal court, important,
honored, grievous, dangerous,
abundant, heavy, dense, venerable, kabtu
substitute,
shift, to retract,
revoke terms, commands, to invert, alternate, to
change, to displace,
interchange, replace one another, to be revoked,
enû
substitute,
replacement, ēnû
substitute,
wraith, dinānu, ḫiššatu
suburbs,
suburban settlement around a
city, region outside a town, village
(situated in the open country), farm,
kapru
succeed,
to succeed, achieve, kašāru
success,
kiširru
success,
achievement, kašittu
success,
profit, kušīru
successful,
accomplished, attained,
sufficient, appropriate, kašdu
successful,
to become successful,
proceed, to be fitted out correctly, justice, to
provide justice, dispatch,
send, insure the correct performance of a ritual,
to make do the right thing,
thrive, to prosper, to inject an enema, clear
up, to give birth easily, to charge (an enemy),
straighten up, to
go straight toward, to thrive, to prosper,
to
be or become all right, to move the bowels, to
proceed, to move straight ahead,
to cause to move along a straight or correct
course to prepare, to march on, to
put or keep in good order, to set aright, to give
correct decisions, to advance
against, to be put in order, ešēru
suck,
to suck, suckle, enēqu
sudden,
quick, swift, preterit,
adj., ḫamṭu
suddenly,
quickly, immediately,
adv., ḫantis
sue, to
sue, bring an action,
dinu-a’
suffer?
ḫabātu
suffering,
inḫu
sufficient,
successful,
accomplished, attained, appropriate, kašdu
sufficient,
to be sufficient, to
approach ( a person, an authority), with a claim,
a complaint,
to amount to,
to reach, to reach and equal in value,
arrive (said of a moment in
time), to find, to conquer a country, a city, to
defeat an enemy, to be
victorious, to capture an enemy, to arrest a
fugitive, a criminal, to surprise
(in the act), to seize (said of diseases, evil
spirits, misfortunes, etc.), to
obtain a wish, knowledge, good health, luck, a
friend, to attain old age, to
win a case, to obtain possession of objects,
merchandise, etc., to get hold of
(in various shades of meaning), to finish
completely, to chase away, pursue, to
drive away, drive into exile, to disinherit, to
drive away evil spirits, to
remove sins, etc., to make a journey, to drive
(horses), to approach someone,
to defeat an enemy, to conquer, to raid, to make
prisoner, to seize, to send,
to pertain to property, to a right, etc., kašādu
suffocation,
ḫanāqu
suffocation,
self-denial, ḫitnuqu
sulphur,
kibrītu
sum,
total, kimirtu
sum total,
sorting of the date
harvest, kumurrū
summer,
*ebūrû, gumatu
summer,
early harvest, ḫarpū
summoner
(for taxes or corvée work),
night watchman, dēkû
sun’s
brilliance, brilliance of the sun
at midday, midday, kararû[5]
sunset,
west, mountain pass, erebu
superb,
adj., karpaṣu
superior
strength, adj., guššuru
superiority,
strength, might, force,
violence, severity (said of cold weather), danānu
superiority,
to show oneself superior in strength,
to concentrate troops, to
become all powerful, to vie with one another,
gašāru
supervisor,
helper āširu
supervisor,
organizer, āširtu
supplies or
materials for workmen,
work assigned to be performed, finished products,
staples or materials to be
delivered, a kind of tax, field on which i-work
is to be performed, iškaru
supplies,
useful, need, needed
materials, lack, necessities, desirable, beloved
object, ḫišiḫtu
support,
calf of the leg, shin,
knee, leggings, a measure of length, part of a
lock, kimṣu
support,
punishment, imitta
support,
stanchion, tax, impost,
obligation to work, a tag or piece of jewelry,
imdu
support,
tax, impose taxes, fines,
load, land a boat, lean, to lean against, to
reach, to cling to, to come in
contact, to stand nearby, take cover, refuge, to
place a lean upon or against
something, to inflict diseases, to assign, accuse,
to join, unite, mix, add up,
to be joined together, meet, emēdu
suppository,
to form a suppository, pill,
pellet, compact?, to
become compact, to compress?, to
make hail?, kupputu
supremacy,
strength, gašrūtu
supremacy,
supreme strength, gišrūtu
suppress, to suppress noise, to full cloth,
to make concessions, to
make regulations, to drop a claim,
a case, pardon a sin, to make people do work, to
submit oneself, to put
pressure upon a person, to put
reciprocal pressure on each other, to press
people, to pace off, to
walk upon, to stride, to forgive,
to defeat an enemy, to make compact, to bother, to
crush, to step into
something unclean accidentally, to step upon
something on purpose, to stamp out
a fire, to let time pass, to come in, to exert
oneself, to allow to walk about,
to trample, to make a road or ramp by compressing
and stamping the soil, kabāsu
surpass in
importance, quality, exceed
in number or size, be more important, richer,
increase, atāru
surplus?
balance? anzannu
surprise,
to surprise (in the act),
to arrest a fugitive, a criminal, to be
victorious, to defeat an enemy, to
conquer a country, a city, to find, to be
sufficient, to approach ( a person,
an authority), with a claim, a complaint,
to amount to,
to reach, to reach
and equal in value, arrive (said of a moment in
time), to capture an enemy, to
seize (said of diseases, evil spirits,
misfortunes, etc.), to obtain a wish,
knowledge, good health, luck, a friend, to attain
old age, to win a case, to
obtain possession of objects, merchandise, etc.,
to get hold of (in various
shades of meaning), to finish completely, to chase
away, pursue, to drive away,
drive into exile, to disinherit, to drive away
evil spirits, to remove sins,
etc., to make a journey, to drive (horses), to
approach someone, to defeat an
enemy, to conquer, to raid, to make prisoner, to
seize, to send, to pertain to
property, to a right, etc., kašādu
surreptitiously, to enter
surreptitiously, to slip in or through, to
cover, clothe, to be intertwined
(said of trees), to coat with bronze, ḫalāpu
surround,
to surround with a fence or
net, put together, work for wages, to
cluster, gather, organize, to organize a
group, strengthen, to repair, to
give relief, to compose a text, collect,
construct, to construct buildings,
etc., join, to tie, bind together, assemble a body
of soldiers into a military
formation, to form a herd of animals, to make
regulations, a country, to set up
a battle array, to prepare for battle, to plot
evil, concentrate, make compact,
to become joined, to tie together, to fortify, to
assemble, to prepare for
battle, to compact, to assemble, to make ready for
battle, to concentrate, to
join together, to make ready for battle, to make
ready, to be tied, bound
together, kaṣāru
surveillance,
to be under surveillance,
to be on the alert, to watch out, to be watched
over, kuddu
survey,
examine, watch over, to take
care of, to explore, penetrate into, investigate,
to search, trace, to weight
out, pay, to trace, ḫâṭu
surveyor,
of a field, abi ašli,
abašlu
suspend,
alālu, ḫalālu
swallow,
to swallow, alātu
swamp, a
kind of swamp, ḫazru
swamp
containing aquatic plants,
aquatic plant, ḫammu
sweepings,
ḫumāmāti, ḫummētu
sweepings,
refuse, collection of
laws, etc., hoard?, ḫimmatu
sweet,
dašpu, duššupu
sweet,
to be sweet, dašāpu
swell (as a
symptom), to be puffy,
to be bushy (said of hair), ḫesû
swift,
sudden, quick, preterit,
adj., ḫamṭu
symbol, a
divine symbol, neck guard,
necklace, kurinnu
symptom of
approaching death of a
patient, ḫūqu
[1]
Note: Akkadian dannātu,
severe words
or orders, Irish, dian,
severe, Scots-Gaelic, dona,
severe,
Welsh, dygn,
hard, severe,
savage.
[2]
Note: Akkadian
ašābu, to sit down, stay somewhere, etc.,
Sanskrit, As, Aste,
to sit, seat one's self on, settle down,
Tocharian, āsāṃ,
seat,
Lydian, aha-A to
sit,
Hittite, as-
, ēs-,
ēsa, Es/As,
to sit, Es, to sit
down, Asas/Ase/is,
Asa,
to seat,
Ase/isanu, Sesnu/Sisnu,
to
seat, to settle, Avestan, âste [âh, åñh] to sit, Lycian,
asati, astti to
sit,
18
(Cont.)
Finnish-Uralic, istua, to sit,
Armenian, նստել, nstel,
to sit, and
related,
Sanskrit, sad,
sIdati, to sit, Persian, nešastan, to
sit, Belarusian, сядзець,
siadzieć, to sit,
Croatian,
sjesti, to sit, Serbo-Croatian, sat, sate,
to sit,
Baltic-Sudovian, sesta,
seat; sestun,
to sit, Latvian, sēdēt, to sit,
Romanian, a sta,
to sit,
Latin, sedeo,
sedere, sedi, to sit, Welsh, eistedd,
to
sit, seat, Italian,
sedere, to sit, and
Etruscan seti, setio (SETIV), setis, setum
(SETVM).
[3]
Note: Akkadian itussu,
izuzzu, to stand, Luvian, ista, to stand,
Avestan, âstâya [â-stâ], to stand,
Persian,
ایستادن, istâdan, to
stand, Sanskrit, tiṣṭhati
(sthā), to
stand, Latin, sto, stare, steti,
statum, Romanian, a STA, to stand;
Baltic-Sudovian, stat, stalet, to stand,
Latvian, stāvēt,
to stand, Belarusian, стаяць,
stajać, to stand, Croatian,
stajati, to
stand, Italian, stare, to stand, Etruscan,
sta, star, STAReS, stai, ste, sti and
related, Polish, stac, to stand, Greek, στέκομαι,
stékomai, to stand.
[4]
Note: Akkadian,
ajaraḫu (see urijaḫu), a stone, Sanskrit,
zAra, mottled, spotted, a stone used
at games, Persian, xârâ, flint, Albanian, gur
stralli, stone flint, Welsh,
carreg (cerrig), stone.
[5]
Note: Akkadian, kararû, sun's brilliance at
midday, midday, Irish, an
ghrian, the sun,
Scots-Gaelic, a 'ghrian, the sun.
T
taboo,
ašakkiš, kimkimmu
table, a
table, eriqa’u, gubru
table, a type
of table, diškû
table, an
elaborate table,
kangiškarukku
tablet, a
kind of tablet, imḫupû,
imsarmupadû
tablet, a
type of tablet or literary
composition, asarru
tablet
archive, kanīku, in bīt
kanīkāte
tablet
envelope exercise, cover, clay,
imgurru
tablet,
tablet, immugubbû,
imsaršubbû
tablet,
foundation tablet, imtemennu
table,
offering table, dugudû, guduttû
tablet,
letter, egirtu
tablet,
sealed clay tablet (legal or
administrative document, also a letter),
vertebra, cylinder seal, seal
impression produced by a cylinder seal, kunukku
tablet,
list, contingent of
soldiers, ridge wall, stricture as a disease,
congestion, kiṣirtu
tablet,
literary composition, kammu
tablet,
literary, one-column tablet
(with literary content, tablet containing a receipt
or certificate, document or
deed written on parchment), giṭṭu
tablet,
one-column tablet, imgiddû
tablet,
record, immû
tablet, valid tablet, ground, terrain,
fortress, fortified place, famine,
hard times, distress, foundation pit bottom, cold
weather, part of window,
dannatu
tablet, wooden tablet containing dues or income
registered in a special ledger
or list,
wooden board (as part of a
window, part of a brick mold, etc.), kiskirru
taboo, to violate a taboo, ikkibu
taboo,
meadow, part of a private house, residence
of
the enu-priest
or entu-priestess,
pasture, gipāru
tag or piece
of jewelry, work
obligation, tax, impost, support, stanchion, imdu
take away by
force, to absorb, ekēmu
take away by
force, to rob, to
commit a robbery, to snatch, ḫabātu
take away,
oppress,
to wrong, to ravage, to undo, to
destroy, to do wrong to a person, ḫabālu
taken away,
adj., *eṭru
take away,
to need, require, to
desire, to like, to deprive, to be brought to want,
to be wanting, ḫašāḫu
taken away,
removed, ekmu
take
something away from somebody,
take out, to be taken away, save a person, to be
saved, eṭēru
take or the
like, to
remove, *ḫušu, in ḫušumma epēšu
talk, to
tell, speak, relate,
recite, come to agreement, negotiate, plead,
litigate, complain, dabābu
talk,
word, report, gossip, rumor,
matter, legal case, lawsuit, agreement, dibbu
talker,
āmânû
talkative,
dābibu
tall,
high, exalted, proud, elû
tall,
long, arku
tall,
proudly, elpiš
talent, metal disk weighing one talent, round
loaf of bread, kakkaru
tamarisk,
gumālu, kupuālu
tamarisk, a
name for tamarisk?
kutmānu
tangle,
irru
tangled,
confused, blurred, ešû
tanner,
to work as a tanner,
risinnūtu
tarry, to
be late, kâšu
task,
share (assigned to an
official), duty, certificate of assignment,
assignment, assigned working material
(for a crafsman), isiḫtu
task,
work, dullulu
taste,
fine taste, emesallu
tavern,
hostel, aštammu
tavern,
wine cellar, vineyard,
karānu, in bīt karāni
tax,
emittu, gisû
tax, a form
of tax (Lit. the fifth),
ḫamussu
tax, a kind
of tax or dues, ḫallatu
tax, a kind
of tax, staples or
materials to be delivered, finished products,
materials or supplies for workmen,
work assigned to be performed, field on which i-work is to be performed, iškaru
tax, annual
tax collected from
merchants and priests, gift, offering, igisû
tax assessor,
ēmidu
tax
(collected tax) esirtu
tax,
impose taxes, fines, load, land
a boat, lean, to lean against, to reach, to cling
to, to come in contact, to stand
nearby, take cover, refuge, to
place a lean upon or against something, to inflict
diseases, to assign, accuse,
support, to join, unite, mix, add up, to be joined
together, meet, emēdu
tax,
impost, support, stanchion,
obligation to work, a tag or piece of jewelry, imdu
tax income,
tax obligation, irwiššsu
tax
obligation, tax income, irwiššsu
tax on date
orchards, esittu
tax,
religious ceremony,
mobilization, diku
teach, to
teach, to instruct, to
instigate, exhibit, explain, to
expose to the sun, to become exposed, to reveal
(something hidden), reveal, to
offer to a god, to assign, to produce a person, to point out, to show a document, to
show somebody the peg driven
in a field (as legal act accompanying the transfer
of a field), to show an item
to be accounted for, to disclose, to show an
(ominous) sign, to advise, to give
an order, to show a particular mood or attitude, to
make someone experience
prosperity, hardship, to be shown, offered, to show,
to disclose, to produce,
to grant, to show, kullumu
team of five
persons, ḫumūšu
team of
workmen or experts, troop,
contingent of soldiers, knot made for magic
purposes, rent payment, payment in
kind for services or taxes, joint of the human or
animal body, a feature of the
exta, anger, wrath, structure, bond (of a mountain,
wall), mountain fastness,
concentration, strength, joint, node, knot of a
plant, section of a text or
region, possessions, treasures, stricture of the
alimentary canal, obstruction
in a canal, lump, meterorite?, clasp, handle, an
astronomical term, kiṣru
tear,
weeping, dīmtu
teasel, textile worker using the teasel, thorn
used as teasel, kunšillu
teeth,
gnash the teeth, to bare the
teeth, to rage, to be raging, gaṣāṣu
tell, to
speak, to talk, relate,
recite, come to agreement, negotiate, plead,
litigate, complain, dabābu
temper,
irritability, ikku
temperature, describing high
temperature of water or human body, adj.,
ḫaḫḫašu
temple,
ekurru, eššu
temple
administration, technical term
of the NB temple administration, kallānu
temple
building, in a temple
complex, esikillu
temple
building, in a temple
complex, ḫilṣu, in bīt ḫilṣi
temple cella,
sanctum of a temple,
atmanu
temple, term
for a temple, chapel
(as a specific part of a sanctuary), also a cella,
kiṣṣu
temple
complex, part of a temple complex,
iṣāru
temple
construction part, ḫibšu
temple cook,
endibbu, engisu, engû
temple
courtyard, main courtyard
of a temple, kisalmāḫu
temple
designation, emāḫu
temple
district, building or section
reserved for the women of the nadītu-class,
gagû
temple
festival, akītu
temple, great
temple (large temple),
a name of the nether world, i.e., the temple of Anu
in Uruk, ešgallu
temple inner
room, emāšu
temple
official, ēpiš dulli ša ṭiddi
temple
official, esikillu, in ša
esikilli
temple
official, administrator,
ababdû
temple
official, courtyard sweeper,
kisalluḫḫu
temple,
part of temple complex,
agarunnu, agrunnu
temple-personnel,
member of the
temple-personnel (of Īštar), actor,
performing dances and music, kulu’u
temple
steward, abarakku
temple
structure, ajakku
temple,
treasurer, enkummu
temple
visitor, person admitted to
all parts of the temple, ērib bīti
ten,
group of ten persons, eširtu
ten,
foreman of a group of ten men,
eširtu
ten,
number ten, ešir
ten times,
ešrīšu
tenancy of a
field held by an errēšu-tenant,
errēšūtu
tenancy of a
house, aššābūtu
tenant feudal
association,
collegium, ḫadru
tenant farmer,
cultivator, errēšu
tenant,
living in a house,
inhabitant of town, sitting, present, ašbu
tenant,
resident, aššābu
tender care,
to treat an object, a
building, a dead person with tender care, to
honor a deity,
to treat a person kindly, to treat
with honor, to be spoiled, kunnû
tendril,
loop, hoop, circle,
circumference of a circle, circumference, totality,
kippatu
tent,
kuštāru
tenth,
adj., eŝrû
tenth,
one tenth, tithe, tithe land,
ešrû
tenth part,
tithe, ešrētu
terminated,
to be terminated, to
strip, clip, to trim down, kapāru
terminated,
whole, complete, full,
settled, finished, gamru
termination,
totality,
gamirtu, gamartu
terrain,
region, land, area, field,
eqlu
terrible,
awe-inspiring, angry,
furious, adj.,
ezzu
terrifying,
angry, adj., galtu
territory,
boundary, plan, outline
of a building, kisurrû
territory,
frontier, iṣru
territory,
region, alongside,
adjacent to, border, border line, confines,
circumference, sides (of a boat),
around, alongside, itû
territory,
scales, earth, loose
earth, debris, dust,
ore, mortar, soil,
area volume, eperu
terror,
mortal terror, panic, ḫa’attu
terror,
fright, gilittu
testicles,
kalīt birki
testicles’ treatment, artartena, artartennūtu
testify,
to give testimony,
mukinnūtu
textile, a
textile, kutinnu
textile
craftsman producing textiles by
a special technique, kāṣiru
textile
or a type of garment, kuddilu
textile
worker, ḫalašešû, in ša ḫalašešê
textile
worker using the teasel,
thorn used as teasel, kunšillu
textile
worker, woman engaged in textile
work, ḫabbistû
textiles,
qualifying textiles, kamsu
texts, corpus
of texts used by the kalû,
craft of the kalû,
lamentaion-priests’ college,
kalûtu
that, so
that, if, in case, in the
manner of, according to, as soon as, when, as,
whether, because, on account of,
conj. kīma
that, so
that, on account of the
fact, because, aššum
that, the
other, allû
that,
this, agâ, aga’a, agaja,
aga’I, annû
that,
those, ammiu, ammītu (f.)
then,
here is, now, adv., inūma
then, this
then, annittān
then, thereupon, anūmišu
there,
akannaka, akannakunu, allukâ,
ammakam, anummānum
there,
conj., innu
there, thereto, ašriš
there, to there, here, from there, ašrānu
there, from there, allānum, ammânum
there, he
is there, anamašu
there is,
possibly, yes, ibašši
there is, are
not, jānu
there,
thither, anummiš
they,
pron. aššunu, iššini (f.),
iššunu
thick,
*ebû, *ḫabû
thick,
fat, kubburu
thick, fat, fattened, plump, large, kabru
thick,
heavy, fat, kabbaru
thick,
honored, heavy, squat,
kubbutu
thick?
lumpy?*ḫubbiṣu
thick matter,
ibītu
thick,
serious, savage, reliable,
massive, legitimate, loud, steady, urgent, pressing,
powerful, mighty, essential,
dangerous, difficult, great, grave, fortified,
fierce, binding, heavy, hard,
solid, strong,
obstinate, bad,
tyrannical, harsh, imperative, dannu
thick, to
be dense, opaque, ḫaṣābu
thick, to be thick, ebû
thick, to be
thick, inflated, ḫašāšu
thick, to
make thick, to be
constantly puffed up, to become strong, heavy, to
become fat, kabāru
thicken,
ḫubburu
thicket (foreign
word) armaḫḫu
thicket,
reed, apu
thickness,
ebītu, kabrūtu,
kabartu
thickness,
(an architectural feature
of a wall), kuburrû
thickness,
become even thickness, to
speak severely, bequeath, contend for superiority,
deliver promptly, reinforce,
make valid, to become strong, strengthen, to
increase, become stronger, danānu
thickness,
mass, diameter, kubru
thief,
ekkēmu
thief, a word
for thief, karriru
thief,
criminal, ardadu
thigh,
groin, the area between the
thighs, kappaltu
think, to
think, hesitate? Katāru
third-place,
three-year-old,
adj., (Hurrian word, kukumnu)
this, the
aforementioned, anummû
this,
agannû, *annīnû
this,
that, agāšû, annû
this, the
one in question, annimû
thither,
there, anummiš
thither,
toward there, that way,
ammîšam
thorn,
ešēgu, ešēku
thorn, a
thorny bush or tree, giṣṣu
thorn,
strength, military, weapon
(metaphor for military strength and aggressiveness),
shaft, standard with
divine symbol, sign predicting certain events, barb, attack, a specific,
individually used weapon, warfare,
troops, tool, a formation of the exta, kakku
thorn used as
teasel, textile worker
using the teasel, kunšillu
thornbush,
amû
thorn tree, a
thorn tree, kušabku
thorny plant,
amumeštu, egû, ḫaḫīnu,
ḫiššānu, kalû
thorny plant,
probably camel-thorn,
egu
thoroughbred
horse, noble, ḫiššamû
thought,
reminder, ḫissūtu
thoughts,
spirit, mind, liver?
emotions, inside
of the body,
kabattu
thread, a
kind of colored thread or
braid, wire, braided wire or torque of gold,
used as jewelry and for
suspending jewelry, wire cable of bronze, a special
type of garment, perhaps a
scarf, guḫaṣṣu
three-year-old,
(Hurrian word,
kikarpe)
three-year-old,
third-place, adj.,
kukumnu
thresh barley
by stomping on it, to
trample upon, to destroy, to trample, dāšu
threshing
board, pedestal, socle,
footstool, a part of the liver, kilzappu
threshing
floor, adru, idru’, kislaḫû
threshing
floor path, a round path
circling the threshing floor, kanagurru
threshing
sledge, dajaštu
threshold?
A wooden part of the door
frame, probably the threshold, kanakku
threatening,
alpu
thrive,
to prosper, to inject an
enema, clear
up, to give birth
easily, to charge (an enemy), straighten up, to
go straight toward, to thrive, to prosper, to
be or become all right, to
move the bowels, to proceed, to move straight ahead,
to cause to move along a
straight or correct course, to make do the right
thing, to prepare, to proceed,
march on, to send, dispatch, to put or keep in good
order, to set aright, to
provide justice, to give correct decisions, insure
the correct performance of a
ritual, to advance against, to become successful, to
be put in order, to be
fitted out correctly, ešēru
throat,
ḫarurtu, ḫurḫudu
throat
(of a human being, a god, or
an animal, ofen including the head and shoulders),
neck, string of beads,
necklace, piece of jewelry or amulet worn around the
neck, neck scarf, bank of
a river, canal, ditch, shore of the sea, edge of a
well, rim of a pot, etc.,
kišādu
throne,
aštû
throne, a
word for throne, karru
throne,
exta, a feature of the exta,
rule, royal property and service, dominion, chair,
sedan chair, name of a
month, saddle, part of a chariot or a plow, kussû
through,
from, on, in, prep., ina
throw, to
cast, etc., to lay a
foundation, to put an object in place, to
set, to set up, karāru
thrown, to be thrown down, to trample upon,
throw over or back, press hard,
treat harshly, darāsu
throwstick,
addu, illulugišdilû
throwingstick
(of the Suteans) atû
thunderstorm,
storm, addu
thus, in the following way, akanna, kennam
thus, in
this manner, how, adv.,
kīam
thus,
just as, accordingly, appitti
thus so,
kīšuma
tie, to
fasten, karāsu
tie objects
together, to paralyze
limbs and parts of the body, bond, to bond bricks or
blocks of stone, to bind,
to bind hands and feet, to bind magically, arrest a
person, to put a person in
fetters, to be fettered, to join, to demand payment,
to be joined, kasû
tie, to
snare, harness, ḫabālu
tie, to
be tied, to tie together,
bind together, to join, construct buildings, etc.,
to collect, to compose a
text, to give relief, to strengthen, to repair, to
organize, assemble a body of
soldiers into a military formation, to form a herd
of animals, to make
regulations, to organize a group, a country, to set
up a battle array, to
prepare for battle, to plot evil, to cluster,
gather, concentrate, make
compact, to work for wages, to become joined, put
together, to surround with a
fence or net, to fortify, to assemble, to prepare
for battle, to compact, to
assemble, to make ready for battle, to concentrate,
to join together, to make
ready for battle, to make ready, to gather, bound
together, kaṣāru
tied,
girt, to be girt, to have
cramps, to cause cramps, ebeţu
tied, well
tied, adj., kuṣṣuru
tied around
the waist, ezhu
tillage,
agricultural work, act,
ritual, manufacture, evil magic, crew, construction,
handywork, epištu
tilt, to tilt,
kuṣṣû
tilting,
spilling (in libating), kuṣā’u
timber,
or a tree, kutaṣu
timber,
tree, lumber, wood, wooden
implements, aromatic wood, firewood, wooded area,
iṣu
time, later
time, late part (of the
year), replacement, behind, (as a prep. or adv),
rear part (of objects, parts
of the body, buildings, etc.), back of the head,
backside (of human beings and animals), nape
of the neck, in idiomatic
expressions, kutallu
time, short
(in time or size), short
person, kurû
times (math
term), service unit,
military campaign, raid, corvée work, expedition,
expeditionary force, capital, business
capital, caravan, journey,
trip, business trip, road, path, highway, travel,
venture, army, ḫarrānu
tin,
annakum anu
tired,
weary, ānihu
tireless,
ānihu, in la ānihu
tithe land,
ešrû, in ša muhhi ešrȋ
tithe,
tenth part, ešrētu
tithe,
tithe land, tenth, one tenth,
ešrû
title of an
official, abdû
title of an
Egyptian official, irbi
title of the
governor of Nippur,
guennakku
to, for,
up to, toward, against,
upon, from, ana
to me,
pers. Pron., Acc., Gen.,
Dat., jâti
to me,
for me, pers. Pron. Dat.,
jâši
to,
towards, more than, over, on
account of, on, at the debit of, against, above,
upon, beyond, eli
today,
agāmi
together,
jointly, at the same time,
as one group, instantly, in one act, in every
respect, all together, ištēniš
together with,
adv., jaḫudû
toil, to
exert oneself, anāḫu
token,
proof, idatūtu
toll,
floating bridge toll (payable
for the passage of a boat through a floating
bridge), bridge, gisru
tomb,
gimaḫḫu
tomorrow, iššiāri
tongs?
allunātu
tongue-tied,
heavy, to be heavy,
eqēqu
tool, a
garden tool, kuksu
tool, a tool,
ḫamullu, ḫarwaraḫuzu,
(Hurrian word, harwaruzzu), kisirru
tool, an iron
tool, ḫālilu
tool, a tool, among measuring containers,
tools, abutū, aputū
tool, a tool,
caulker, kāpiru
tool of the
master, illaru
tool, household object or tool,
kanakku
tool,
thorn, strength, military,
weapon (metaphor for military strength and
aggressiveness), shaft, standard
with divine symbol, sign predicting certain events, barb, attack, a specific,
individually used weapon, warfare,
troops, a formation of the exta, kakku
tool, metal
tool, kitītu
tooth-gnashing,
furious, raging, giṣṣiṣu
tomb,
grave, kimāḫu
top part,
top pack, deception,
garment, upper or outer garment, insincerity, high
land, high terrain, outside,
outer or upper part, penthouse, upper millstone,
elītu
topographical
feature, kudāru
topographical
feature (depression or
the like), watercourse, ḫarru
topographical
term, attinaša,
gizānu, ḫamātu, kuba’ātu
torch made of
reeds, gigurû
torch of reed for cultic purposes, gizillû
torque of gold or braided
wire
or, used as jewelry and for suspending jewelry, wire
cable of bronze, a special
type of garment, perhaps a scarf, also a kind of
colored thread or braid, guḫaṣṣu
torque of
gold, string of garlic,
gidlu
tormentor,
dâku, in bēl dâki
total,
adj., *gummuru
total,
reed bundle, kilibbu
total,
sum, kimirtu
totality,
gamrūtu, ḫammatu, ḫupšu, ḫupū
totality,
all, kullatu
totality, all
totality, entire
inhabited world (as a politico-religious term),
kiššatu
totality,
all, universe, expenses,
gimru
totality,
final agreement, gummurtu
totality,
hoop, tendril, loop,
circle, circumference of a circle, circumference,
kippatu
totality
or the like, ḫēru
totality,
physical strength, might,
power, kiššūtu
totality,
termination, gamartu,
gamirtu
totality,
whole, armie’s main force,
gimirtu
toward,
against, for, to, up to,
upon, from, ana
toward the
outside, outside, adv.,
*kamȋš, kīdânu
toward,
to the side of, dais
tower,
siege tower, fortified area,
dimtu
tower on city
wall, asītu
town, synonym
for town, adašu
trace,
search, to survey, examine,
watch over, to take care of, to explore, penetrate
into, investigate, to weight
out, pay, ḫâṭu
traces,
tracks, track (as a physical
feature), steps (made by human beings, animals,
demons, etc.,), walk, gait,
path, vestiges, approach, access, sole of the foot,
in kibis šēpi, pressing of dates, path
(in metaphoric use), way of
acting, rite, behavior, etc., deduction, allowance,
kibsu
track,
kiuššu
track (of the
wheel), exact
(standard) measure, exact copy,
block, ḫirṣu
tracks,
track (as a physical
feature), steps (made by human beings, animals,
demons, etc.,), walk, gait,
path, traces, vestiges, approach, access, sole of
the foot, in kibis
šēpi, pressing of dates, path (in
metaphoric use), way of acting, rite, behavior,
etc., deduction, allowance,
kibsu
tracker (a
kind of soldier), scout,
kibsu, in ša kibsi
tradesman
or official, ḫupānu, in ša
ḫupānišu
trading,
brisk and profitable trading,
profit, prosperity, išdiḫu
trading
station, community of
merchants, city quarter destined for traders and
sailors, harbor, harbor
district, mooring place, quay-wall, embankment,
price of a unit of merchandise,
karû
trained,
ahzu
traitor,
arnu, in amēl arni
trample,
to crush, to step into
something unclean accidentally, to step upon
something on purposedefeat an
enemy, to bother, to make people do work, to press
people, to stamp out a fire,
to suppress noise, to make compact, to full cloth,
to let time pass, to stride,
to walk upon, to pace off, to make regulations, to
come in, to exert oneself,
to put pressure upon a person, to drop a claim, a
case, to forgive, pardon a
sin, to put reciprocal pressure on each other, to
allow to walk about, to
trample, to make a road or ramp by compressing and
stamping the soil, to make
concessions, to submit oneself, kabāsu
trample upon,
thresh barley by
stomping on it, to destroy, dāšu
trample,
upon, throw over or back,
press hard, treat harshly, oppressively, be thrown
down, darāsu
transfer, to be transferred, to transgress, to be
transgressed, to go beyond or
exceed, to by-pass, avoid, move objects past, go
overland, elapse, to cross,
pass along (walking), to advance on or continue a
journey, to march in review,
to pass by, to pass through, to send on overland, to
make pass on or proceed,
to pass objects on, to hand over, to go
through with a ritual, to allow time to elapse,
cause delay, to allow persons
or boats to pass, to avert, etēqu
transport,
bring staples, materials,
finished objects, abālu
trap, a
trap, gišparru
trap, a
kind of trap, neck stock,
kind of garment, erinnu
trap, bird
trap, ḫuḫāru, kilūbu
trap,
caught in a trap or net?,
kumiru
trap, like a
ḫuḫāru-trap, adv., ḫuḫāriš
trap with a
snare, kamāru
trapper,
hunter, ḫābilu
travel,
expeditionary force,
business trip, caravan, journey,
march, military campaign, path, road, provisions,
girru
travel,
trip, road, path, highway,
journey, business trip, venture, caravan, business
capital, military campaign,
expedition, raid, expeditionary force, army, corvée
work, service unit, times
(math term), ḫarrānu
travel,
to travel, urhu, alāku
travel uphill,
ascend, to go up, go
to higher ground, elû
traveler,
ālikānu
traveler,
courier, agent, allāku
traveler,
messenger, āliku
travelers,
a group of travelers in
transit, ētiqtu
traveling
across the sky, pacing,
adj., ebberu
traveling
merchant, kaeššu
treachery,
dishonesty, dāṣtu
treachery,
trick, ruse, ikiltu
treasure,
recommendation,
prosperity, profit, grace, favor (divine) grace,
gratitude, fame, fortune, good
fortune, good luck, well-being, fortune, beauty,
choice thing, darling, dumqu
treasurer,
ganzabaru
treasurer of
the temple, enkummu
treasures,
obstruction in a canal,,
stricture of the alimentary canal, possessions,
section of a text or region,
structure, mountain fastness, bond (of a mountain,
wall), anger, feature of the
exta, joint of the human or animal body, payment in
kind for services or taxes,
rent payment, team of workmen or experts, troop,
contingent of soldiers, knot
made for magic purposes, wrath, concentration,
strength, joint, node, knot of a
plant, lump, meterorite?, clasp, handle, an
astronomical term, kiṣru
treasures,
treasury, storehouse,
išittu
treasury,
ḫegallu, in bīt ḫegalli
treasury,
silver kept in a bag for
deposit banking, capital (kept in a bag, to be used
for business transactions), leather
bag for stone weights and
for a merchant’s silver, kīsu
treasury,
treasures, storehouse,
išittu
treat person
or thing, build,
construct, manufacture, to practice witchcraft,
perform a divination, a ritual,
to plant, to cultivate, permit (said of gods), to
proceed, act, to act, be
active, is, happens, epēšu
treat,
set, to determine,
become ready, adjust, to deduct, to
correspond, to consider, to clarify, make clear,
incise, to cut, to cut
down, cut off, to cut in
deeply, ḫarāṣu
treaty,
to make a treaty, kittu-a’,
māmītu, šiṭirtu
treaty,
truth, justice, correct
procedures, loyalty, fidelity, correctness, normal
state, truly, in truth,
duly, loyally, justly, kittu
tree,
aromatic product obtained from the
tree, a tree, kanaktu
tree,
aromatic substance obtained
from it, armāniš
tree, a conifer, argānu
tree, a
foreign tree, ingarasu
tree, a native tree,
e’ru
tree, a tree?
kabnu
tree, a
tree, akabbu, akappu,
agabb/ppu, erānu, (Hurrian word, galmar), girrillu,
giriṣu, ḫaburatḫu, kaddarḫu
tree, a
tree, kalmarḫu, kammallu,
kinunatu, kiškanû
tree, a
tree, giškurrû, ḫammar ṭīdi,
ḫarbu, ḫurzinu
tree, a
tree, (foreign word,
ararathu, arathu)
tree, a
tree like Juniper
tree, a tree
or timber, kutaṣu
tree, an indigenous tree, adāru
tree and its
fruit, chameleon, ḫulamēsu
tree and the
wood (oak?) from the tree,
ḫaluppu
tree, fruit tree, vine,
gapnu
tree, fruit tree, a plant, ḫabbaququ
tree, Oriental plane tree, dulbu
tree or part
of a tree, gumānu
tree or
plant, ḫudḫummu
tree or shrub,
ašbu, ḫipūtu
tree or
wood, ḫuk
tree, poplar,
a variety of poplar,
ildakku
tree,
synonym for e’ru-tree,
enītu
tree,
timber, lumber, wood, wooden
implements, aromatic wood, firewood, wooded area,
iṣu
tree, a thorn
tree, kušabku
tree top,
kaparru
tree,
wood, a synonym for, anu
tremble,
to writhe, ḫâlu
trench,
foundation pit, ḫiṭṭatu
trespass, to commit an offense, to neglect, to
make a mistake, to fail,
miss, to sin, to damage, injure, ḫaṭû
tribe,
clan, ḫibru
tribute,
iptu
tribute, rich
tribute, lump of metal
or earth, kubtu
trick,
ruse, treachery, ikiltu
trickster,
ēpiš šiqbi
trim, to
blunt, to chip, ḫesēru
trim, to
cut, to mutilate, gaṣāṣu
trim, to trim
down, to be
terminated, to strip, clip, kapāru
trim, to trim
(wood), to chip, break
off a piece, kasāpu
trimmed,
clipped, adj., kapru
trimmed down,
blunted, ḫussuru
trip,
business trip, road, path,
highway, journey, travel, venture, caravan, business
capital, military
campaign, expedition, raid, expeditionary force,
army, corvée work, service
unit, times (math term), ḫarrānu
triumph,
outbreak of divine anger
against a specific enemy, terminating with a cry of
triumph over his
annihilation, victory, irnittu
triumph,
to achieve a triumph, litu
triumph, to
triumph, prevail, ḫabātu
troop
concentration, to concentrate
troops, to become all powerful, to show oneself
superior in strength, to vie
with one another, gašāru
troop,
contingent of soldiers, knot
made for magic purposes, team of workmen or experts,
rent payment, payment in
kind for services or taxes, joint of the human or
animal body, a feature of the
exta, anger, wrath, structure, bond (of a mountain,
wall), mountain fastness,
concentration, strength, joint, node, knot of a
plant, section of a text or
region, possessions, treasures, stricture of the
alimentary canal, obstruction
in a canal, lump, meterorite?, clasp, handle, an
astronomical term, kiṣru
troops, crack
troops, ašarittu
troops, elite
troops, elite, gunnu
troops,
formation of the exta, tool,
thorn, strength, military, weapon (metaphor for
military strength and
aggressiveness), shaft, standard with divine symbol,
sign predicting certain
events, barb,
attack, a specific,
individually used weapon, warfare, kakku
troops, chief
of a detachment of light
troops, kallābu, in rab kallābī
troops,
member of the
light troops (special military
formation), kallābu
troops,
member of the
light troops (special military
formation), serving as a messenger, kallāb šipirti
troops (of
the enemy), pack of dogs,
host, collegium, donkey caravan (of commerce), army,
kinship group, crew,
cohorts, clique, confederates, clan, illatu
trouble, confusion, dilhu, duluhhû
trouble,
sleeplessness, diliptu
trouble,
to confuse, ešû
trouble,
to cause trouble, to scare
away, to fear, to be or become frightened, to
frighten, to be or become nervous
or restless, to quiver, twitch, to have a premature
emission, to inspire fear,
inspire awe, or respect, galātu
trouble,
vexation, dubbubtu
troubled (become)
interfere,
confuse, denounce, disturb, embarrass, blur eyes,
stir, roil water, dalāhu
trough (for
water or beer, often
made of bitumen-coated reeds), bowl of stone or
metal, kuninnu
true,
reliable, just, honest,
decent, loyal, correct, normal, regular, sound,
legitimate, firm (in place),
kīnu
truffle,
kam’atu
truly,
surely, abarša
trunk of a tree, stump in exta, stem of a
horn, lineage, family, wood
shavings, kisittu
trusted,
responsible person or
courtier, kamiru
trusteeship, ebbūtu
trustworthy,
regular, normal, adj.,
kajamānû
trustworthy,
proper, pure
(religiously), polished, shining, lustrous, clean,
holy, ebbu
truth, in
truth, yes, ikkitti
truth, in
truth, truly, justice,
justly, correct procedures, loyalty, fidelity,
correctness, normal state,
treaty, duly, loyally, kittu
truth,
permanency, stability,
loyalty, correct measure, correct behavior, justice,
kīnātu
truthfully,
steadily, loyally, in
due form, correctly, according to expectation, duly,
firmly, kīniš
tube or a
container,
ḫupḫuppu
tuft of hair,
lump, etqu
tuft of black
hair from the forehead of
a donkey, imû
tuft of black
hair from hind
legs of a donkey, ḫallutānû
tuft of black
hair from rump of a donkey,
imtanû
tune or a
song, inḫu
turban, part
of a headdress ( a kind of
turban, worn mainly by deities or kings and
queens), headband, cornice (as
an architectural term), kulūlu
turn, to
turn or roll over, to roll,
to roll over, garāru
turn, to
turn into, change, ewû
turn, to turn
upside down, upset,
ubbuku
tweezers,
(for depilating), ḫassupu,
in ša ḫassupe
twelfth month, addaru
twenty
(number), ešrā
twentieth,
born on the twentieth day,
adj., ešrūa
twig,
ēru, ḫūpu
twig, broken
off twig, ḫaṣbu
twig,
scepter, branch, shelf, staff,
stick, ḫaṭṭu
twine, to
twine, to double,
multiply, eṣēpu
twined,
compact? adj., karku
twist (of
hair), strand, kuništu
twist, to
twist, to make twisted,
contorted, to coil, to contort, to be
curled, coiled, to bend down completely, to become
contorted, twisted, kanānu
twist, to
twist, become twisted,
perverse, cross, confused, maneuver for a
position, to feint, stumble, hobble,
egēru
twisted, adj., kiplu
twisted, crossed, crooked, perverse, egru
twitch,
to quiver, to have a
premature emission, to be or become restless or
nervous, to be or become
frightened, to fear, to frighten, to cause trouble,
to scare away, to inspire
fear, inspire awe, or respect, galātu
two,
pair, both, pron.
kilallān
tyrannical,
thick, serious, savage,
reliable, massive, legitimate, loud, steady, urgent,
pressing, powerful,
mighty, essential, dangerous, difficult, great,
grave, fortified, fierce,
binding, heavy, hard, solid, strong,
obstinate, bad, harsh, imperative, dannu
U
U,
name of cuniform sign for
“u,” gigurû
unable, to be
unable to, to be
unused to, (with negation) to be unfamiliar with, to
take cognizance of, to
care for something or somebody, to be aware of,
versed in something, familiar
with, to be experienced, to know something or
somebody, (with negation) to be
unfamiliar with, to be unused to, to disregard, to
neglect, knowingly,
intentionally, unwittingly, unconsciously, in a
daze, to mark, to inform, to
make known, reveal, to recognize, identify, to
assign, to be recognized,
revealed, appointed, to announce, proclaim, to make
recognizable, to mark, to
assign, idû
unattached,
lone person, aloneness,
isolated, ēdēnu
unclean, to
step into something unclean
accidentally, to step upon something on
purpose, to trample, to crush,
defeat an enemy, to bother, to make people do work,
to press people, to stamp
out a fire, to suppress noise, to make compact, to
full cloth, to let time pass,
to stride, to walk upon, to pace off, to make
regulations, to come in, to exert
oneself, to put pressure upon a person, to drop a
claim, a case, to forgive,
pardon a sin, to put reciprocal pressure on each
other, to allow to walk about,
to trample, to make a road or ramp by compressing
and stamping the soil, to
make concessions, to submit oneself, kabāsu
uncultivated
field or
land, empty lot for building a
house, fallow, kišubbû
underline, to
underline the importance
of, to extinguish a fire, to aggravate, to
become important, to show
respect, to pay respect to gods, to parents,
to respect an oath, rich, to become painful,
to honor a person, honored,
to give honor, to be honored, to hatch (said of a
bird), bothersome, to become
difficult, lethargic, massive, fat,
to become heavy, make difficult, etc., to make
heavy, kabātu
unformed
matter (clay, dough, etc.),
pinched off, fetus, kirṣu
unfortunate,
unjust, unjustly
treated, polluted, irregular, impure, abnormal,
impotent, isaru, in išaru
unjust,
unjustly treated, polluted,
irregular, impure, abnormal, unfortunate, impotent,
isaru, in išaru
unlucky,
to become unlucky, tallaktu
uncle,
aḫi abi
uncle,
maternal uncle, ḫālu
unclean,
dirty, aršu
unclean
person (in a cultic sense)
ellu, in la ellu
understand,
to be understood, to be
recognizable, prescribe, instruct, inform, to know,
(said of stars) ḫakāmu
understanding,
ear, aperture of the
ear, faculty of hearing, ḫasīsu
understanding,
notification,
mention, intelligence, divine grace, ḫissatu
undivided
unit, set (consisting of
several objects), ištēnūtu
undo, to
wrong, to do wrong to a person, to ravage,
to take away, oppress, to
destroy, ḫabālu
unfamiliar,
(with negation) to be
unfamiliar with, to take cognizance of, to
care for something or somebody,
to be aware of, versed in something, familiar with,
to be experienced, to know
something or somebody, (with negation) to be
unfamiliar with, to be unused to,
to be unable to, to disregard, to neglect,
knowingly, intentionally,
unwittingly, unconsciously, in a daze, to mark, to
inform, to make known,
reveal, to recognize, identify, to assign, to be
recognized, revealed,
appointed, to announce, proclaim, to make
recognizable, to mark, to assign, idû
ungodly,
to do something ungodly, la
banītu
unite,
support, tax, impose taxes,
fines, load, land a boat, lean, to lean against, to
reach, to cling to, to come
in contact, to stand nearby, take cover, refuge, to
place a lean upon or
against something, to inflict diseases, to assign,
accuse, to join, mix, add
up, to be joined together, meet, emēdu
universe,
totality, all, expenses,
gimru
universally,
adv., kullatān
unhappy
person, ilu, in bēl la ili
unique,
one, (indefinite article),
outstanding, first, for the first time, ištēn
unjust,
to treat with injustice, to
treat with disrespect, dâṣu
unjustgly
treated, wronged person, ḫablu
uninhabited
place, desert, ḫuribtu
unkind,
to do an unkind thing, la ṭābtu
unruly?,
aššišu, in la aššišu
unseemly,
to do unseemly things, la
naṭûtu
until,
gadu
until now,
adīni, adīnu, adīna
until now,
adini, adinu, andina
until then,
meanwhile, adišu
until,
while, as long as, adi, qadi,
qadu
untrue,
difficult, distorted,
crooked, complex, intertwined, entangled, crossed,
adj., itguru
untruthful,
disloyal person, kīnātu
unused to, to
be unused to, (with
negation) to be unfamiliar with, to take cognizance
of, to care for something
or somebody, to be aware of, versed in something,
familiar with, to be
experienced, to know something or somebody, (with
negation) to be unfamiliar
with, to be unused to, to be unable to, to
disregard, to neglect, knowingly,
intentionally, unwittingly, unconsciously, in a
daze, to mark, to inform, to
make known, reveal, to recognize, identify, to
assign, to be recognized,
revealed, appointed, to announce, proclaim, to make
recognizable, to mark, to
assign, idû
unwittingly,
adv., illaja
up!, interj., ingana
up,
upward, upstream, on high, on
top, in excess, in addition, outwardly, loudly, eliš
uplifted,
dekû
upstream,
ēlītu
upstream,
over, in addition to,
apart from, above, prep., elēn, elēnu
up til,
as far as, adi, gadu, qadu,
hadu, ad
up to,
toward, against, for, to,
upon, from, ana
upon, to,
towards, more than, over,
on account of, on, at the debit of, against, above,
beyond, eli
upper,
elēnû, elû
upper floor,
story, ari
upper part,
upper world, top price,
additional share or expense, upward adjustment,
elâtu
uproar,
clamor, ḫabarratu
uproar, rumor, loud cry, din, clamor,
ikkillu
urgent,
please! It is urgent!
Apputtu
urgent,
pressing, powerful, mighty,
essential, dangerous, difficult, great, grave,
fortified, fierce, binding,
heavy, hard, solid, strong, thick,
massive, steady, loud, legitimate, reliable, savage,
serious, obstinate, bad,
tyrannical, harsh, imperative, dannu
urgency,
ḫamāṭu, in ša ḫamāṭim
used up, to
be annihilated, ruined,
to spend, to concentrate, to encompass, to possess
in full, finish, to finish,
to bring to an end, to control, to annihilate, to
use up, to settle, to pay or
deliver in full, to use one’s full strength, to
render a final verdict, to cause
to spend, to give in full, to hold together, to be
brought to an end, to be
settled, gamāru
useful,
need, needed materials,
supplies, lack, necessities, desirable, beloved
object, ḫišiḫtu
usual,
steady, regular, normal, (also a
name of Saturn), adj., kajamānu
usually,
always, kajamāniu
utensil (foreign
word) aruthe
utensil,
household utensil, ḫabaštu
utterance,
ḫittu
utterance,
news, report, spoken
word, formula, amatu
utterance,
saying, kataduggû
uterine
membrane, womb, ibaḫu
V
valley,
ḫamqu
value, market
value, kargullu
vanish, to disappear,
to become
missing or lost, perish, to escape, to flee, to make
disappear, cause a loss,
to help escape, to cause losses, to destroy, ḫalāqu
vassel,
subject of a king,
worshipper, servant, follower, soldier, ardu
vassalage,
worshipper, role of a
worshipper, slavery, position of a royal official,
ardūtu
valuable,
precious, aqqaru
vanguard,
leader, foremost, first,
lead (animal), high ranking, ašaridu
vat, a large
vat for beer, ḫubūru
vat, (for
storing beer, wine, etc.),
dannu
vegetable,
a vegetable, akkullaka or
aqqullaku, dimmetu, gamartu, ḫambaṣūṣu, il’ūtu,
jaquqānu
vegetable,
a vegetable, kamamtu
vegetable,
a bulbous vegetable, amuššu
vegetable, a bulbous
spring
vegetable, andaḫšu
vegetable,
a root vegetable, ḫirṣu
vegetable,
bulb, ezizzu
vegetable
foodstuff, ḫilimitu
vegetable,
greenry, arqu
vegetable,
or fruit, ḫalḫallu
vegetables,
eršūtu, išqū
veil, mat, cover, kutummu
veil, to veil,
to cover, close, (the
eyes, the face, the lips, etc.), to overwhelm, to
seize and hold persons,
conceal, to appropriate illegally, to be clothed, to
provide with clothing, to
be covered, clothed, clap down, to cover, to clap
down (said of a trap), to
cover with garments, etc., to cover tightly, to
cover with earth, etc., covered,
to cover the body, to cover with dust, sand, (the
sky) with smoke, etc., to
constrict to conceal, close a pot, a door, to cover
up, katāmu
veil, to veil,
to crown, to adorn,
to cover (the head or face) with the cloth, kullulu
veiled,
covered, kuttumu
veiled,
linteled, kullulu
venerable,
substantial, severe,
serious, influential person at the royal court,
important, honored, grievous,
dangerous, abundant, heavy, dense, kabtu
vengeance, to
wreak vengeance,
mercy, to return an act of kindness, complaisance,
favor, kind act, gimillu
venture,
times (math term), service
unit, military campaign, raid, corvée work,
expedition, expeditionary force,
business capital, caravan, journey, trip, business
trip, road, path, highway,
travel, army, ḫarrānu
verdict,
dikurû
verdict,
final verdict, ditillû
verdict,
to render a final verdict,
pay or deliver in full, to hold together, give in
full, to be settled, used up, to be
annihilated, ruined, to spend,
to concentrate, to encompass, to possess in full,
finish, to finish, to bring
to an end, to control, to annihilate, to use up, to
settle, to use one’s full
strength, to cause to spend, to be brought to an
end, gamāru
verdict,
punishment, legal practice,
case, lawsuit, claim, court, judgement, decision,
law, law article,
dīnu
versed in
something, familiar with,
to be experienced, to know something or somebody, to
be aware of, to care for
something or somebody, to take cognizance of, to be
unfamiliar with, to be
unused to, to be unable to, to disregard, to
neglect, , knowingly, intentionally,
unwittingly, unconsciously, in a daze, to mark, to
inform, to make known,
reveal, to recognize, identify, to assign, to be
recognized, revealed,
appointed, to announce, proclaim, to make
recognizable, to mark, to assign, idû
vertebra,
cylinder seal, seal
impression produced by a cylinder seal, sealed clay
tablet (legal or
administrative document, also a letter, kunukku
vertebra,
transverse process, kislu
very much,
dannišamma
very,
severely, greatly, danniš
very,
greatly, adanniš
vessel, a
bronze vessel, kuldu
vessel, a
large vessel of earthenware,
metal or stone, a standardized container for
beer, kirru
vessel, a
small bowl-shaped vessel,
possibly with a lid, kalkallû
vessel, a
stone vessel, pebble,
išqillatu
vessel, a vessel, agû, kaldu, kubarinnu
vessel,
container, a box,
storehouse,
storeroom,
raft (kelek), silo,
truncated pyramid, specific kind of chair,
excavation (as a geometrical term),
kalakku
vessel for
drawing water, aballu
vessel for
oil, kuiḫku
vessel,
large, metal vessel, used for
drinking water, assammû
vessel,
one-seah vessel, kupputtu
vessel with
pointed bottom, for
beer, wine, or milk, adagurru, adakurru
vestiges,
traces, tracks, track (as
a physical feature), steps (made by human beings,
animals, demons, etc.,),
walk, gait, path, approach, access, sole of the
foot, in kibis šēpi, pressing of dates, path
(in metaphoric use), way of
acting, rite, behavior, etc., deduction, allowance,
kibsu
vexation,
trouble, dubbubtu
victim,
iklu
victory,
triumph, outbreak of divine
anger against a specific enemy, terminating with a
cry of triumph over his
annihilation, irnittu
victorious,
to be victorious, to
defeat an enemy, to conquer a country, a city, to
find, to be sufficient, to
approach ( a person, an authority), with a claim, a
complaint, to
amount to,
to reach, to reach and equal in value, arrive
(said of a moment in
time), to capture an enemy, to arrest a fugitive, a
criminal, to surprise (in
the act), to seize (said of diseases, evil spirits,
misfortunes, etc.), to
obtain a wish, knowledge, good health, luck, a
friend, to attain old age, to
win a case, to obtain possession of objects,
merchandise, etc., to get hold of
(in various shades of meaning), to finish
completely, to chase away, pursue, to
drive away, drive into exile, to disinherit, to
drive away evil spirits, to
remove sins, etc., to make a journey, to drive
(horses), to approach someone,
to defeat an enemy, to conquer, to raid, to make
prisoner, to seize, to send,
to pertain to property, to a right, etc., kašādu
vie with one
another, to overpower,
gubburu
vie with one
another, to show
oneself superior in strength, to concentrate troops,
to become all powerful,
gašāru
vigor,
luxuriance, charm,
attractiveness, abundance, kuzbu
village by
village, each village,
ālišam
village
(situated in the open country), farm,
suburban settlement around a
city, region outside a town, kapru
villany,
ḫanpu
villany, abomination, anzillu
villany, to
commit villany, ḫanāpu
vileness,
ḫannipu
vine, a kind
of vine and the wine made
of its fruit, karān lānu
vine,
tree, fruit tree, gapnu
vineyard-keeper,
arazapanatašu
vineyard,
wine cellar, tavern,
karānu, in bīt karāni
vinegar, ḫallā
violence, lawlessness, damage caused by
illegal action, *ḫabaltu
violence, lump, foundation, depth, bedrock,
firm ground, force, fort,
fortified house and area, severity, strength
(physical), power, dunnu
violence,
severity (said of cold
weather), force, might, superiority, strength,
danānu
violence,
strength, armed forces,
army, executive power, ability, value, emūqu
violent,
to commit a violent act,
nīrtu
violently,
adv., emūqattam, galtiš
virility,
manliness, dūtu
virginity,
ḫibibātu
visible, appear, to become visible, apû
visit, to
see personally, īnu, panū
vomit,
spittle, ḫuḫḫītu
vomit, to
spew, kâ’u
vomit, to
vomit, arû
vulva,
gurištu, guruš-garaš, ḫurdatu
vulva,
produce, abundant yield, ḫiṣbu
W
wad made of reeds,
used against snake bite, ḫimû
wad ore tuft
of wool, lock of hair,
fleece, garment made of a fleecy textile, lump of
earth, itqu
waif?,
kigullu
wakefulness,
ērūtu
wake up,
to be alert, to keep watch,
ḫarādu
wag, to wag
the tail, to flatter
with words, to fawn, kuzzubu
wages,
hire, rent, idū, igru
wagon,
cart, cartload, the
constellation UrsaMajor or Big Dipper, eriqqu
wagon part,
araziqqu, kaširnu, kušraḫḫu
wagon metal
part, itirtu
wagon with
solid wheels, attartu
waist or posterior, ilku
wait, to wait,
ḫakû
wait for,
own, to take aim,
to attend to, belong to, look, to look at,
look on with indifference, dagālu
waiting, to
keep waiting, to detain,
ḫalālu
walk,
steps (made by human beings,
animals, demons, etc.,), tracks, gait, path, track
(as a physical feature),
traces, vestiges, approach, access, sole of the
foot, in kibis šēpi, pressing of dates, path
(in metaphoric use), way of
acting, rite, behavior, etc., deduction, allowance,
kibsu
walk, to
walk, girru
walk, to walk
upon, to pace off, to
stride, to forgive, pardon a sin, to defeat an
enemy, to make compact, to
bother, to crush, to step into something unclean
accidentally, to step upon
something on purpose, to make people do work, to
press people, to stamp out a
fire, to suppress noise, to full cloth, to let time
pass, to make regulations,
to come in, to exert oneself, to put pressure upon a
person, to drop a claim, a
caseto put reciprocal pressure on each other, to
allow to walk about, to
trample, to make a road or ramp by compressing and
stamping the soil, to make
concessions, to submit oneself, kabāsu
walking
furtively, adv., like
a furtively walking person, ḫallalatti
wall,
aduššu, adû, kušḫaru
wall, garden
wall, ramp or similar
earth construction, kamaru
wall, border
wall, ḫalwu
wall, city
wall, ḫumītu
wall, city
wall, fortification wall,
inner wall, fortress, house enclosure, parts of the
human body, dūru
wall, dividing wall, amartu
wall,
enclosure wall of a sanctuary,
fortified area within a city, circumvallation,
citadel, kirḫu
wall
foundation, asurrû
wall, like a
wall, adv., igāriš
wall of a
building, enclosure wall,
side of a ship, igāru
wall, ridge
wall, tablet, list,
contingent of soldiers, stricture as a disease,
congestion, kiṣirtu
wall, siege
wall, dāiqu
wall,
supporting wall along a building,
a terrace or a city wall, kisû
wall
thickness, kuburrû
wander
aimlessly, to prowl, wander
about in despair, move unnaturally, move with
indifference, dâlu
want, be brought to want, to be wanting, to
need, deprive, to take away,
require, desire, to like, ḫašāḫu
war, to
go to war, ṣēru
war, to
make war, to quarrel, to start a
lawsuit, to be hostile, to
open up hostilities, gerû
warlike
manner, aggressively, dapniš
warlike,
martial, dappānu
warp,
dēpu
warp, to
lay a warp, dêpu
warrior,
brave one, ālilu, ēlilu, fem.,
āliltu, ēliltu
wash, to wash,
ḫapāpu
washerman, fuller, ašiāku
washerman,
fuller craft, ašiākūtu
washout,
caused by river, abbu
wasp, a
species of wasp, ḫamītu
waste,
desolation, armūtu
wasteland,
ḫarbu, ḫarbītu
wasteland,
deserted place, ḫurbū
wasteland,
hard unusable soil,
ašartu
waste, to lie
waste, to lay waste, ḫarābu
wasted,
devastated, adj., ḫarbu
watch over,
to take care of, to
explore, penetrate into, survey, examine,
investigate, to search, trace, to
weigh out, pay, to trace, ḫâṭu
watch, to
keep watch, to be alert,
wake up, ḫarādu watch, to
watch
carefully, dâlu
watch, to watch out, to be watched over, to be
on the alert, to be under
surveillance, kuddu
watchful,
said of gods and demons,
inspector, spyhole, ḫa’āṭu
watchful, to be alert, to alert, etēku
watchtower,
or fortified building, ḫeja
water basin of a cult, gubbû, ḫamû
water carrier,
clouds (poetic word
for clouds), elallu
water conduit,
amrummu
water drawing
device, kakkaltu
water, draw
water or wine, to
exhaust the water of a well, ḫabû
water,
drawing of water, dālûtu
water flow,
arabû
water hole,
pond, jarḫu
water,
holy water, asikilla
water, man
selling cool water, kaṣu,
in ša kaṣi
water,
muddy, agakku
water
“pump,” device for raising
water, alû, elû, alallû
water,
qualifying water, ḫālilu
water,
rushing water, high water,
edû
water,
receding water, abasigga
water, regulated water in a canal, kirku
water,
standing water after a flood,
amirānu
water,
subterranean water, abyss,
deep water, anzanunzû
water, to
exhaust the water of a well,
draw water or wine, ḫabû
waters,
underground fresh waters,
engurru
watercourse,
topographical feature
(depression or the like), ḫarru
waterfowl, a
waterfowl, kumû
waterskin,
ḫalziqqu, ḫaslu, ḫirinnu,
indūru
wax,
eŝkuru, iškuru
wax,
linseed residue (after
pressing), leftovers, kupsu
we, pron.
anīni
weak
condition, anšūtu
weak,
destitute, powerless,
humble, deformed,
crippled, akû, makû,
akûtu (f.)
weak,
powerless, ikû[1]
weak,
powerless, lean, enšu
weak,
shakey, to become
impoverished, to become dilapidated, to be out of
funds, enēšu
weak, to
become weak, anhūtu,
lillûtu, mēniškūtu, ulālūtu
weakened,
anšu
weakness,
enšūtu
weakness,
lameness, adj., ḫubbudu
weaned,
adj., *ḫislu
weapon, a weapon, ḫarratu
weapon, a
kind of reed or weapon, ḫilṣu
weapon, a
specific, individually used
weapon, weapon (metaphor for military strength
and aggressiveness, warfare,
attack, troops, standard with divine symbol, tool,
shaft, barb, thorn, a
formation of the exta, a sign predicting certain
events, kakku
weapon,
blunt, end of weapon,
agatukullu
weapon, denoting a specific divine weapon,
overpowering (as a divine
epithet), adj., kaškaššu
weapon, don a weapon or garment, edēqu
weapon or
axe, kisītu
weapon,
overpowering divine weapon, crushing
defeat, annihilation, kašūšu
weapon,
probably a weapon, metal
object, karuwe
weapon part,
(Hurrian word):
erattijani
weariness,
dilapidation, exhaustion,
disrepair, anḫūtu
weary, tired,
āniḫu
weasel,
ajāsu, jāsu, jāṣu
weather,
balmy weather, ḫabû
weather,
cold weather, valid tablet,
ground, terrain, fortress, fortified place, famine,
hard times, distress,
foundation pit bottom, part of window, dannatu
weather vane?
Iṣṣūr šāri
weave, to
weave and prepare cloth in a
specific way, kamādu
weaver,
ēpiš tunši
weaver, a
type of weaver, acrobat, ḫuppû
weaver, chief
weaver, išparu, in
rabi išparī
weaver of multicolored fabrics, išpar birmi
weaver of ṣiprātu-garments,
išpar ṣiprāti
weaver, linen
weaver, išpar kite
weaver’s
workshop, išparu, in bīt
išpari
weed, išin eqli
weed, or
grass, išbabtu
weeded,
pulled, cut up, chopped,
kasmu
weeder,
kāsimu
weeding,
cutting of green plants,
kismu
weeping,
tear, dīmtu
weeping,
ḫanāsu
wedding (lit. in the house of the bride’s
father where the wedding takes
place), emu, in bīt emi
wedding,
house of the bride’s family
where the wedding takes place, emūtu, in bīt emūti
weigh out,
pay, to take care of, explore,
investigate, penetrate into,
trace, search, to survey, examine, watch over, ḫâṭu
weight, a weight, one-tenth of
a
shekel, chick peas, chick pea plant, ḫallūru
weight, metal disk weighing one talent, round
loaf of bread, kakkaru
well, adv.
*dumqiš
well,
gubbu
well, a well, dušû
well (Hurrian
word): arinnu
well, a
kind of well, ḫalpû
well-being,
choice thing, beauty,
darling, treasure, recommendation, prosperity,
profit, grace, favor (divine)
grace, gratitude, fame, fortune, good fortune,
good luck, fortune, dumqu
well, catchwater at a well, kuppu
well edge, sea shore, bank of a river, canal,
ditch, amulet or piece of
jewelry worn around the neck, string of beads,
throat (of a human being, a god,
or an animal, ofen including the head and
shoulders), neck, necklace, neck
scarf, rim of a pot, etc., kišādu
well-formed,
beautiful, *kuzābu
well-known, renowned, edû
well-planned,
adj., kitpudu
well-trained
(said of a scribe),
ready (said of objects and people), finished (said
of cloth), ersû
west,
adj. amurrānu
west,
cardinal point, west wind,
amurru
west,
mountain pass, sunset, erebu
well now,
now then! agana
wharf,
embankment of a canal, arammu
what,
aba, abu
whatever,
as much as, ammar
wheat,
kibtu
wheat?
aršātu
wheat,
emmerwheat, a type of beer
made from emmerwheat, dišiptuḫḫu
wheel disk
(of a wagon), atartu
wheel hub, net
interstice, hole (of
a kiln), eye, bubble, spring, eye-shaped pebble (of
precious stone), īnu
wheel metal
tire, metal ring, ḫuppu
wheel rim,
felly, allak (Kassite
word)
wheeze,
to pipe, ḫalālu
when,
conj., inūmi
when,
after, conj., innanu
when,
into, enūma, enūmišu,
when, on
the occasion of, conj.,
inūmti
when,
that, so that, if, in case, in
the manner of, according to, as soon as, as,
whether, because, on account of,
conj. kīma
whenever,
wherever, ēma
where,
jāka
where? aj
(ē )
where?
ajikāni, êkāni, êkānu, jānu,
jānumma
where?
ajikī’am, ajikâ, ajakam,
ajaka, ajak, jaka, êkiam, êkâma, êkâ
where?
anīna, êš
whereas,
although, conj., iššā
wherever,
whenever, ēma
wherever,
whither, ēma
wherefrom?
ajānu, ajānum, ajānumma, ajāna,
ajinna, jānum, jānumma, jānu, ja’nu
whereto?
ajīs, ajīšam, ajêša, êšam
whether,
when, that, so that, if, in
case, in the manner of, according to, as soon as,
as, because, on account of,
conj. kīma
which,
Ja’u
while, as long as, until, adi
whip,
ešṭuḫḫu, iḫzu, ištuḫḫu
whip, a
barbed whip or goad, kaparru
whip or
goad, ḫinšu
whipman,
ištuḫḫu, in ša ištuḫḫi
whipping rod,
as tool of conjurer, ḫultuppû
whirl-dance,
gūštu
whirl, to
dance?, gâšu
whisk, fly
whisk, elû, in ša zubbī
šūli
witch,
sorceress, kaššāptu
witchcraft,
kaššāpūtu
whitewash,
gaṣṣu, in mê gaṣṣi
whitewash,
gypsum, gaṣṣu
wish?
account? to plan, make plans,
keṣēpu
wishes,
plans, kipdū
with,
prep., išti, itti
withhold a
document, a tablet,
withhold, refuse, goods, merchandise,
deliveries, to withhold
tribute, hinder, to
prevent, to distrain, keep in custody, in
confinement, hold
back a person, delay, to detain, to to
keep, to deny a wish, a request, to deny a wish,
request, gifts, to stop,
detain, delay a boat, to cut off, deny water for
irrigation, to retain food,
urine, etc., to block progress, a road, to check an
animal, to reserve, to
place at someone’s disposal, to keep available, to
finish, to bring to an end,
to stop, interrupt doing something, to come to an
end, to be finished, to cease
to be delayed with negation, to do something without
ceasing, without delay,
immediately, to stop repeatedly, to hold up, to hold
back, to cause to detain,
to keep someone from doing something, to hinder, to
stop, to cause to stop, to
hold back, to be held back, to be delayed (referring
to persons), to be
confined, to be retained, to be withheld (referring
to objects), to be
finished, to be closed, to remain, to stay, to be
kept away, to cease, to stop,
to linger behind, kalû
whither?
ajāniš, jāniš
whither,
wherever, ēma
who, which,
what, ajû, jû, ajītu
whoever you
are, each and every one,
m., f., attamannu
whole,
complete, full, terminated,
settled, finished, gamru
whole,
entirety, all, kalu
whole,
totality, armie’s main force,
gimirtu
why, for what
reason, also, interj.,
atā
why now?
ammīnannâ
wickedness,
evil, ḫaṭītu
widow,
almattu
window frame,
wooden board (as part of a window,
part of a brick mold, etc.),
income or dues registered in a special ledger orlist
on a wooden tablet,
kiskirru
widow,
status of a widow, almānūtu
wier,
*ḫīštu
wife of a son
living in his father’s
household, daughter-in-law, bride,
sister-in-law, kallatu
wife, to make someone a wife of lower rank,
or a concubine, *ḫelaḫelu, in
ḫelaḫelumma epēšu
wife,
aššatu
wife of equal
status to the husband
(said of gods), ḫīratu
wife, to
marry, make
a woman a lawful wife, aššatu
wife,
woman, ašubbatu
wife’s
marriage status, aššūtu
wily,
wise, skilled, educated,
experienced, emqu
wild animal?
ḫābu
wild animal,
kattillu
wild donkey,
akkannu, akkānu
willow,
ḫilēpu
win, to win a
case, to remove sins,
etc., pursue, to disinherit, to drive away, drive
into exile, to drive away
evil spirits, to drive (horses), to
chase away, to finish completely, to get hold of (in
various shades of
meaning), to attain old age, to obtain a wish,
knowledge, good health, luck, a
friend, to obtain possession of objects,
merchandise, etc., to seize (said of
diseases, evil spirits, misfortunes, etc.), to
surprise (in the act), to arrest
a fugitive, a criminal, to be victorious, to defeat
an enemy, to conquer a
country, a city, to find, to be sufficient, to
approach ( a person, an
authority), with a claim, a complaint,
to amount to,
to reach, to reach
and equal in value, arrive (said of a moment in
time), to capture an enemy, to
make a journey, to approach someone, to defeat an
enemy, to conquer, to raid,
to make prisoner, to seize, to send, to pertain to
property, to a right, etc.,
kašādu
wind,
idiptu
wind, a destructive wind, imḫullu
wind, an
icy-cold wind? Erijatu
wind, to wind
around each other, to
form coils, roll up, to entwine, to circle around,
to wrap, to be entwined, to
gather against somebody, kapālu
wind, like
the imḫullu-wind, adv., imḫulliš
wind, severe
wind, imsuḫḫu
window, a
type of window, karratu,
kunnir
window part,
weather, cold weather,
valid tablet, ground, terrain, fortress, fortified
place, famine, hard times,
distress, foundation pit bottom, dannatu
window,
window opening, aptu
window,
through the window, apāniš
wine, a
qualification of wine, adj.,
ḫabburu
wine, a kind
of vine and the wine made
of its fruit, karān lānu
wine cellar
keeper, kannu, in ša muḫḫi
kanni
wine cellar,
tavern, vineyard,
karānu, in bīt karāni
wine-colored,
adj., karānānû
wine
container, mainly for wine made of silver or earthenware kandu
wine, draw wine or water, to exhaust the
water of a well, ḫabû
wine,
grapevine, grapes, karānu
wine master,
karānu, in rab karāni
wine, or
a choice kind of beer,
kurunnu
wine peddler,
karānu, in ša karānišu
wine storage,
storage room for wine and foodstuffs,
kannu, in bīt kanni
wing, fin
abru, apru, gappu
wing or span,
side, fathom (a
measure), bracelet, edge, border, arm, arm or handle
of an instrument,
strength, idu
wing,
quill, plumage, frond, arm,
hand, list, lobe of the lung, side part of a horse
bit, armrest, the region of
the eyebrow, the eyelid and the eyelashes, kappu
winter,
frost, ague (as disease),
chill, cold, cold weather, cold season, kuṣṣu
winter house,
kuṣṣu, in bīt kuṣṣi
winter
season, pertaining to the winter
season, adj., kuṣṣû
wipe, to wipe
off, to purify
magically, to rub, to be rubbed, to clean objects,
to smear on (a paint or
liquid), to be smeared, kapāru
wipings,
kupīrātu
wire, braided
wire or torque of
gold, used as jewelry and for suspending jewelry,
wire cable of bronze, a
special type of garment, perhaps a scarf, also a
kind of colored thread or
braid, guḫaṣṣu
wisdom,
eršūtu, ḫassūtu, igigallūtu
wisdom,
wise person, igigallu
wise,
adapu, angallu
wise,
adj., eršu
wise,
expert, adj., itpēšu, kabzuzu
wise person,
wisdom, igigallu
wise,
skilled, educated,
experienced, wily, emqu
wise man,
apkallu
wise,
sage, āšišu
wise woman,
apkallatu
wish,
desire, erēšu, izimtu
wish,
need, ḫašu
wish,
request, object of desire,
ominous mark in divination, erištu
wish,
sight, mirror, gaze, eyesight,
object looked upon, diglu
wish
fulfillment, to fulfill a wish,
to carry out a wish, ṣibûtu
wisp of straw
to bind a sheaf, rope,
band, belt, fetter, kannu
witchcraft,
deed, speech, command,
settling and rendering of accounts, equipment,
achievement, evil machination,
work, act, ipšu
witchcraft
or sorcery, kišpū
witchcraft,
to practice witchcraft,
kišpū, ruhû
witchcraft,
to practice witchcraft,
treat person or thing, build, construct,
manufacture, perform a divination, a
ritual, to plant, to cultivate, permit (said of
gods), to proceed, act, to act,
be active, is, happens, epēšu
with,
gadu
with,
beside, prep., itu
with,
instead of, from, before, in
the presence of, ašar
withered,
or shriveled, adj., ḫamadīru
withhold, to
withhold, withhold a document,
a tablet, to withhold tribute, gifts, to be withheld
(referring to objects), to
remain, to bring to an end, to come to an end, to be
finished, to stay, keep in
custody, in confinement, to be kept away, to keep
available, to keep someone
from doing something, hold back a person, delay, to
detain, to distrain, to
prevent, to hinder, refuse goods, merchandise,
deliveries, to keep, to deny a
wish, a request, to deny a wish, request, to stop,
detain, delay a boat, to cut
off, deny water for irrigation, to retain food,
urine, etc., to block progress,
a road, to check an animal, to reserve, to place at
someone’s disposal, to
finish, to stop, interrupt doing something, to cease
to be delayed with
negation, to do something without ceasing, without
delay, immediately, to stop
repeatedly, to hold up, to hold back, to cause to
detain, to hinder, to stop,
to cause to stop, to be held back, to be delayed
(referring to persons), to be
confined, to be retained, to be finished, to be
closed, to cease, to stop, to linger
behind, kalû
without,
prep., illa
with respect
to, related to, because
of, concerning, on behalf of, on account of, aššum
witless one,
fool, adj., ḫassu, in
la ḫassu
witness, eye
witness, āmerānu
witnesses,
offenders in court, dajānē,
amatu
witness, onlooker, reader, āmiru
witness, to testify, to make a statement as a
witness, to act as a witness,
to establish as true by means of witnesses, to
organize, to put in order, to
place parts of a construction in correct position,
to be firm in place, to
assign a person to a position, an office, assign
good fortune a calamity, etc.,
to assign fields, houses, staples, etc., to levy
taxes, to lay out a
watercourse, a boundary, to erect a wall, a
building, a city, to
establish the foundation of a
building, to establish regular deliveries and
offerings, etc., to establish
laws, regulations, rituals, fame, to set up a stela,
a boundary stone, an
inscription, an image,
to establish (in
math and astronomy), reliable, be loyal, to be well
disciplined, correct, to place
an object correctly or in a
specific place (said of ritual and votive objects,
of tablets, food, and other
objects), honest, endure, to remain in effect, to
last, to be secure (said of a
foundation), a rule, a position, to remain
stationary (said of planets), to
remain quantitatively constant, to impose tribute, a
fine, to organize, to put
in order, to grant, to maintain and preserve the
rule, the life of a person,
the safety of an object, the permanence of a city,
etc., to confirm, to
certify, to be confirmed, kânu
woe! Interj., jau-jau
woe, alas! aḫūla, aḫūlamma
woman,
(Hurrian, aštu), iššu
woman, a
woman devotee of a deity,
kulmašītu
woman in
confinement (mother), ḫarištu
woman in
labor, ḫajjāktu
woman, free woman, amīltu
woman of low
status, captive,
asirtu
woman, official in charge of the women,
amīltu
woman,
menstruating woman, ḫarištu
woman, status
of a kezertu-woman, kezrūtu
woman, status
of a woman living in a
household other than her father’s, status
of a daughter-in-law, conjugal love, kallūtu
woman, wailing woman, ama’irrû
woman who is
barren, ālittu, in la
ālittu, wālittu
woman,
wife, ašubbatu
woman with
forelock, ša abûsāti
woman, young woman, ardatu
womb,
uterine membrane, ibaḫu
wood, eṣṣu
wood, a cut of wood, appu
wood, a
cut-off piece of wood, a
part or product of the palm tree, a chip of wood,
ḫuṣābu
wood, a kind of wood, aši’u, azālu, (Hurrian
word): *ašluḫḫe
wood, a part of a chariot made of a special wood
and the wood itself, ḫalmadru
wood, a precious wood, elammakku
wood, aromatic wood, wooden
implements, timber, tree, lumber, firewood, wooded
area, iṣu
wood, curved piece of wood, akuṣīmu, kīṣumu,
akuṣīmanu, kuṣīmānu
wood, dry wood, aḫḫu
wood from the
tree (oak?) and name of
the tree, ḫaluppu
wood,
kindling wood, ešše’u,
kiskibirru
wood or
leather object, kiškittu
wood or
tree, ḫuk
wood, reed or
wood for kindling,
gibillu
wood-shaving,
sliver of wood, ḫiṣibtu
wood shavings,
pieces of cut wood, ḫiṣbu
wood shavings,
sherds, mash?, ḫupû
wood shavings,
trunk of a tree,
stump in exta, stem of a horn, lineage, family,
kisittu
wood, synonym for wood, akalūtu, kalūtu
wood,
tree, a synonym, anu
wood,
wooden implements, timber,
tree, lumber, aromatic wood, firewood, wooded area,
iṣu
wooded area,
wood, aromatic
wood, wooden
implements, timber, tree,
lumber, firewood, iṣu
wooden board
(as part of a brick
mold, part of a window, etc.), income or dues
registered in a special ledger
orlist on a wooden tablet, kiskirru
wooden box or
case, ḫabaraḫḫu
wooden
container, basket to carry
earth, bricks, etc., kudurru
wooden-handled
basket, gisappu
wooden
household utensil, kannulatḫu
wooden object,
aḫušhu, ḫabālu, ḫabānu,
ḫirwû, ilišannu
wooden object,
female bird, iṣṣūrtu
wooden object,
part of a door, ḫuntu
wooden peg,
itkû
wooden piece
of furniture, atmû
wooden
platform or stand, karû
wood splinter,
kiksu
wooden
structure, argibillu
wooden
writing tablet, gišṭû
woodland,
brush, ḫilbu
wool, a blue
shaded wool, gizgizû
wool, a black wool, atû
wool, a blue
shade of wool, ḫusmānu
wool, a kind
of wool, girdu
wool, a kind
of wool and a garment made
from it, ḫalû
wool, a
quality or color of wool, ḫatartu
wool, a
quality of wool? adj., ḫidru
wool, a
quality of wool and garments,
coming from Hana (as a social class or type of
soldier), coming from Hana (as a
designation of a breed of sheep and goats, ḫanû
wool, a
quality of wool, mixed and/or
shredded, adj., *ḫabšānu
wool, a wad
ore tuft of wool, lock
of hair, fleece, garment made of a fleecy textile,
lump of earth, itqu
wool, a wool fabric of specific size and
weave, kutānu
wool annual
yield, (an animal’s
annual yield of wool or hair), gizzatu
wool braid?, kunšu
wool, combed
wool, ḫilṣu
wool comber
(female), *ḫaliṣtu
wool,
fine (lit. linen-like), kitītu
wool of a
certain quality, ḫibšu
wool, matted (said of wool), adj., ḫabšu
wool, measure of weight used for wool and goat
hair, kuduktu
wool,
metal, material weighed and
delivered, ḫaṭu
wool or cloth
of a certain color,
probably green, green dry mucus, nasal discharge,
ḫaṣartu
wool or linen
blanket or wrap, ḫullānu,
ḫulīlū
wool, purple
wool or second quality,
illû
wool, red
wool, ḫuḫartu
wool,
red-dyed wool, red dye, inzaḫurētu
wool, red purple wool, argamannu
woolen belt
or scarf of special
make, išru
word,
inimmû
word,
talk, report, gossip, rumor,
matter, legal case, lawsuit, agreement, dibbu
word,
faculty of speech, dababtu
wording,
speech, ability to speak,
pronouncement, atmû
work,
act, activity, evil magic,
epēšu
work, assigned work, altaru
work assigned
to be performed,
materials or supplies for workmen, finished
products, staples or materials to
be delivered, a kind of tax, field on which i-work
is to be performed, iškaru
work,
deed, speech, command,
settling and rendering of accounts, equipment,
achievement, evil machination,
act, witchcraft, ipšu
work (i.e.
indentured servant) done
on land held from higher authority, services
performed in return for land,
delivery of part of the yield, payment of money or
objects in liu of produce,
land on which such work is performed, holder of the
land, ilku
work, finished work, kintillû
work for
wages, to cluster, gather,
organize, to organize a
group, strengthen, to repair, to give relief, to
compose a text, collect,
construct, to construct buildings, etc., join, to
tie, bind together, assemble
a body of soldiers into a military formation, to
form a herd of animals, to
make regulations, a country, to set up a battle
array, to prepare for battle,
to plot evil, concentrate, make compact, to become
joined, put together, to tie
together, to surround with a fence or net, to
fortify, to assemble, to prepare
for battle, to compact, to assemble, to make ready
for battle, to concentrate,
to join together, to make ready for battle, to make
ready, to be tied, bound
together, kaṣāru
work
obligation, tax,
impost, support, stanchion, a tag
or piece of jewelry, imdu
work of an ox
driver, kullizūtu
work quota of
menial servant, adû,
addû
work quotas,
to compute work quotas,
adû
work, summoned corvee work, levy of a group,
marching into battle, dikûtu
work,
task, dullulu
work, to
do assigned work, šipru-a’
work, to
do a month’s work, arhu
work, to make
people do work, to
submit oneself,
to put pressure upon
a person, to put reciprocal pressure on each other,
to press people, to pace
off, to
walk upon, to stride, to
forgive, pardon a sin, to defeat an enemy, to make
compact, to bother, to
crush, to step into something unclean accidentally,
to step upon something on
purpose, to stamp out a fire, to suppress noise, to
full cloth, to let time
pass, to make regulations, to come in, to exert
oneself, to drop a claim, a
case, to allow to walk about, to trample, to make a
road or ramp by compressing
and stamping the soil, to make concessions, kabāsu
work, to
perform additional work, šēṣubutu
work, to
perform corvée work,
kudurru
work, to
perform a work, šipru
work, to
work in an assigned
territory, mešḫu
worker, a
type of worker or soldier, ḫuṭāru
worker, a
type of worker, aḫānu
worker, agricultural, amandēnu, used in ša
amandēni
worker, agricultural, ḫabazû, in ša ḫabazȋ
worker, doing
agricultural and other
work under supervision, person of servile
status attached to a household,
menial, person of equal social status, comrade,
colleague, kinattu
worker,
female worker, gurgurratu
worker in a
field, ālik eqli
worker, textile worker, ḫalašešû, in ša
ḫalašešê
worker, woman
engaged in textile work,
ḫabbistû
workman,
ēpiš šipri, ēpiš dulli
workmen,
group, gang of workmen,
gâ’u
workmen, team
of workmen or experts,
astronomical term, clasp, knot made for magic
purposes, knot of a plant,
contingent of soldiers, troop, rent payment, payment
in kind for services or
taxes, joint of the human or animal body, a feature
of the exta, anger, wrath,
structure, bond (of a mountain, wall), mountain
fastness, concentration,
strength, joint, node, section of a text or region,
possessions, treasures,
stricture of the alimentary canal, obstruction in a
canal, lump, meterorite?,
handle, kiṣru
workman,
sorcerer, reed plaiter,
ēpišu
workshop,
field, cultivated field,
dullu, in bīt dulli
world, as
to extent and inhabitants,
adnātu, dadmū
world, entire
inhabited world (as a
politico-religious term), all totality, kiššatu
worm?,
badger, kalab urṣi
worm,
bird, a disease, išqippu
worried man,
dalḫānu
worried,
to be worried, disturbed,
restless, adāru
worried,
to become worried, eclipsed
(said of the moon), nanduru
worried,
to mistreat, suffer spasms,
be distressed, cause distress, disturbed, despair,
distraught, ašāšu
worries,
jagâtu
worry,
depression, dejection,
ašuštu
worry, to be worried, concern, be
concerned, to pay attention, to give
information, investigate, to study, to remind, to be
pious, to think of a deity = to heed a
diety, to think of a person (said of gods and kings
= to care for, to mention, ḫasāsu
worry, to
worry, ḫâšu
worshipped,
beloved (an epithet of
goddesses), honored, kanûtu
worshipper of
a goddess, ištaru, in
mār ištari
worshipper,
servant, vassel, subject
of a king, follower, soldier, ardu
worshipper,
role of a worshipper,
vassalage, slavery, position of a royal official,
ardūtu
wound caused
by piercing, severed,
part, diaphragm, pain, piercing pain, dikšu
woven and prepared in a special way, adj.,
kamdu
woven cloth
craftsman (making a
special type of woven cloth), kāmidu
woven cloth,
prepared in a special way, kimdu
wrap or blanket of wool or linen, ḫullānu,
ḫulīlū
wrap or
cover, ḫuluptu
wrap or
garment, kulīlû
wrap, to
entwine, to gather against
somebody, to be entwined, to wind around each other,
to form coils, roll up, to
circle around, kapālu
wrap, to wrap
around, to curve, to
bend, to become bent, kapāpu
wrath, ezzu, igimtu
wrath, divine
wrath, divine
displeasure, kimiltu
wrath,
structure, mountain fastness,
bond (of a mountain, wall), anger, feature of the
exta, joint of the human or
animal body, payment in kind for services or taxes,
rent payment, team of
workmen or experts, troop, contingent of soldiers,
knot made for magic
purposes, concentration, strength, joint, node, knot
of a plant, section of a
text or region, possessions, treasures, stricture of
the alimentary canal,
obstruction in a canal, lump, meterorite?, clasp,
handle, an astronomical term,
kiṣru
wrathful,
adj., *ennenu, kummulu
wrathful,
angry, kamlu
wrathful, to
be wrathful, to be
irascible, to become angry, to be angry with each
other, to make angry, to
become angered, kamālu
wreath-like,
like a wreath, adv.,
kilīliš
wreck, to
smash, to destroy an
object, to break (a tablet), to invalidate (a
document), to repudiate (an
agreement), demolish, ruin, to cut wood trees, to
split in half, divide, to
break off, to crush, injure, hurt, to break into,
ḫepû
wrestler,
ša abāri
wrestler,
ḫummušu, in ša ḫummuši
wrestling,
fighting, entwined, adj.,
kitpulu
wrinkle one’s
nose, to sniff, ganāṣu
wrinkle,
to roll up, shrivel, kalāṣu
wrist? kimkimmu
writhe,
to tremble, ḫâlu
writing
tablet made of wood, gišṭû
written
agreement, I’lu
wrong,
misfortune, ruins of a city,
calamity, evil deed, damage, ḫibiltu
wrong,
portending evil, faulty, ḫāṭû
wrong, to
do wrong, ḫibiltu
wrong, to
do wrong to a person, to
ravage, to take away, oppress, to
undo, to destroy, ḫabālu
wronged,
adj., ḫablu
wronged
person, unjustgly treated, ḫablu
wronged,
oppressed, dullulu
wrongdoing,
punishment, offense,
misdeed, fine, guilt, arnu
wrought,
finished, built on (said of
a house), adjusted, cultivated, epšu
[1]
Skauθi- and skauθi-, “weak, poor,” Man. Parthian
‘skwh/iskōh, Mp> iškōh;
note Akkadian ikû, “weak,
powerless.”
Y
year,
last year,
iššaddagdiš
yellow-colored
mineral, kalû
yellow dye or paste, eškadrû
yellow,
green, (as in gold: hurāšu ar-qu),
arqu
yes,
adv., kēna
yes,
indeed, anna, anni, annû
yes, in
truth, ikkitti
yes, possibly, there is, ibašši
yesterday, amšali, amšalītam, amšat,
ittemelu, ittimali
yield,
produce of a field, storage
bin or jar, išpikū
yield, to
yield profit, to make a
profit, to make strong? kašû
yoke,
ḫullu
you, pron.
m. sing.,
atta (attu),
ka
you, pron. f. sing., atti, f.
pl.,
attina
you, pron. fem. pl. kināti
you, pron. sing.,
masc. and fem.
acc., gen. and dat. with ana, kâti
you,
pron. sing., gen., dat., acc.,
kuāši
you,
pron. sing., gen., dat., acc.,
kuāti
you,
pron. pl. dat., kunūši
you,
pron. pl. gen. dat. acc. kunūti
you, pl.
belonging to you, adj.,
kunū
you,
pl. oblique cases, kâšunu,
kâtunu, kunāšunu
you, to
you, for you, sing., dat.,
acc., kâši
young, the young of an animal, male lamb,
kalūmu
young, small animal, fledgling, young man, atmu
young man, ajaru
young man, man, eṭlu
younger
brother, second place or
rank, duppussû
your,
belonging to you, kû
yours,
pron. ikkû
[1]
Note: English word “icky,”: (Oxford Dictionary,
“nasty or unpleasant, distastefully sentimental.
Origin: Perhaps related to sick or to the child’s
word ‘ickle.’” Perhaps the English word came from
Akkadian?
[2]
Note: English word “icky,”: (Oxford Dictionary,
“nasty or unpleasant, distastefully sentimental.
Origin: Perhaps related to sick or to the child’s
word ‘ickle.’” Perhaps the English word came from
Akkadian?
[3]
Skt. pátti-, portico vs Akk. appatu, in bit appāti
[4]
Skauθi- and skauθi-, “weak, poor,” Man. Parthian
‘skwh/iskōh, Mp> iškōh;
note
Akkadian ikû,
“weak, powerless.”
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