This table has Indo-European, Akkadian, Hurrian,
Georgian (Kartlevian), Latvian (Baltic) and Finnish
(Uralic) selections. We have colored words that may
be related among the various languages/families. The
coloring provides an unusual view of the mix and
concordance of the cited languages.
Table 1, Section 1A:
Indo-European words as they relate to
Etruscan. Note: colors indicate
possible relationship among words.
Sanskrit
Avestan, Persian, Georgian,
Hurrian, Akkadian
Slavic, Baltic, Romanian,
Finnish-Uralic
Greek, Armenian, Albanian, Basque
Latin
other
English
Etruscan
,
kas, api,
that, although, yad,
that, since, kas. ka, kat/kim, who, what? who what,
someone, anyone,
minu,
pron. interr., who?, mija,
who?,
ja’u,
which, aba, abu, what,
mūnu,
interr., what?, allû,
that, the other,agâ,
aga’a, agaja, aga’i,
annû,
that, this,ammiu,
m., ammīt, f., that, those, šāt,
pron. fem. s., she of, that
of,
which,
šât,
fem.pl. they of, those of, which
(Akkadian)
хто, chto, who, што,
što,
what, that, які, jaki, which
(Belarussian)
chto, pron. who;
cyj, pron.
whose sto, pn. what (Belarus) tko,
who, što, what, koji, which,
da, that,
(Croatian)
kto,
who, co,
what, który,
which,że,
that
(Polish) ka, what
(Baltic
Sudovian) kurš, who, kas, which, what, ka, that
(Latvian)
kas,
who, ką, what, which,
tai, that
(Lithuanian) care,
who, which, what, whichever, ce, what, acea, that (Romanian) kuka, who, että, that, mitä, what, joka, which
(Finnish-Uralic)
ο οποίος, o opios,who, οι
οποίες, oi opoíes,
which. τι,
ti,
what, ότι, óti,
that (Greek)
ով, ov,
who, որը, vory,
which, ինչ, inch’,
what, որ, vor,
that (Armenian) kush, who,
which Çfarë,
what, që, that, kujt, whom, quod, that,
which, (Albanian)
nor, who, nork, who?, bertan,
zein, which, zer, what, hori, that
(Basque)
qui, who,
which quae, any,
some, who, which, what, quod,
that, which, quid
est, what
a, who, which, cad,
what, sin,
that
(Irish) cò,
who, dè,
what, a tha, which, sin, that
(Scott) pwy,
sawl, a, who, what, beth, what, pa,
a, which, sydd,
which,
a, hwnnw (honno) that; hwn (hon),
this; (Welsh) chi, who, che
cosa,
what, quale,
which, che, who, what,
which, quello,
quella, that, cio,
that, (Italian)
qui, who, lequel,
laquelle,
which, quel, quelle, what, ce, cette,
that (French)
કોણ, Kōṇa, who, શું, Śuṁ, what, which,
કે, Kē,
that (Gujarati) kim,
who, ne,
what, whatsoever, hangisi,
which, whichever, o, ki,
that (Turkish)
ДДСҰ, DDSU, who, kim,
who, не, ne,
what, қайсысы, qaysısı,
which, қай, qay,
which, сол, sol,
pron. that, бұл, bol, that (Kazakh) JSSV, who,
kim,
who, nima,
what,
whichever, qaysi, which, bu,
that, u/o'sha,
that, he/she
(Uzbek)
кӣ, kī,
who, which,
that, чӣ, он, on, pron. he, that, чӣ,cī,
what (Tajik) эмне, emne, what, кайсы, kaysı,
which, ошол, oşol,
that
(Kyrgyz)
parirakṣaṇa, guarding,
protecting, a protector samvrta,
concealed, kept secret, cautious; yat, yatati, -te,
to join, connect, unite; take
pains, be cautious or careful; prayatnavant assiduous,
careful: prayatna,
zealously, diligently, carefully
fravashi [e],
guardian spirit, angel (Avestan) ehtiyât,
احتیاط
caution, mahtat, محتاط,
cautious, movâzeb,
مواظب
adj.,
alert, cautious,
sanjydh, سنجیده careful,
guarded, restrained, mature (Persian) იყოს
ერთ -ერთი მცველიფრთ,
iq’os
ert -erti mtsveli, to be on one's
guard, დაცული,
datsuli,
guarded, ხილი, prtkhili,
cautious (Georgian)
nāṣiru,
guard, adj., protecting, naṣāru,
to guard, keep somebody under guard, to
fulfill duties, to be on the alert, to heed,
etc., naṣriš,
guarded, under guard, maṣṣartu,
in šamaṣṣarti,
guardian, watchman (Akkadian)
ахоўны,
achoŭny, guarded, быць
на варце, być
na varcie, to be on one's guard,асцярожны, asciarožny,
cautious (Belarusian)asciarozznasc,
caution, care, prudence (Belarus) čuvan, guarded, biti
na oprezu, to be on one's
guard,oprezan,
cautious (Croatian) mieć
się na baczności, to be on one's
guard,ostrożny,
cautious (Polish) apsargāta, guarded, būt
sargājošam, to be on
one's guard,piesardzīgi,
cautious (Latvian) păzit, guarded,
a fi în gardă, to be on one's guard,precaut,
cautious
(Romanian) varovainen, guarded, olla varuillaan, to be on one's guard,varovainen,
cautious (Finnish-Uralic)
επιφυλακτικός,
epifylaktikós, guarded, να είσαι σε επιφυλακή,
na eísai se epifylakí,
to be on one's guard, προσεκτικός, prosektikós,
cautious(Greek) պահպանում
է, pahpanum e,
guarded, մեկի
վրա լինել, meki
vra linel, to be on one's guard,զգույշ, zguysh,
cautious Armenian) të
jesh në roje, to be on one's guard, maturi, caution,
i kujdesshëm,
cautious
(Albanian)
alaitzen, guarded, norberaren zaindar
egon,to be on one's guard,
zuhur, cautious (Basque)
caveo, cavere, cavi, cautum, to be on one's guard
cosanta,
guarded, aireach,
cautious (Irish) dìon, guarded,
faiceallach,
cautious (Scott) gwarchodedig,
guarded, gochelgar,
cautious (Welsh) protetto,
guarded, cauta, cauto, cautious,
attenzione, caution! (Italian) gardé,
m., gardée,
f., guarded, mise en garde, be on
one's guard, faites attention, be careful,
prudente, prudent, cautious (French)
સાવચેત
રહેવું, Sāvacēta
rahēvuṁ, to be on one's guard, સાવધ, Sāvadha, cautious
(Gujarati) tetikte olmak, to be on
one's guard, temkinli,
cautious (Turkish)
сақ
болу, saqbolw,
to be on one's guard, сақsaq,
cautious
(Kazakh) ehtiyotbo'lish,
to be on one's guard, ehtiyotkor,
cautious
(Uzbek)
дар посбонӣ будан, dar posʙonī ʙudan, dar
posʙonī ʙudanto be on one's guard, эҳтиёткор, ehtijotkor,
cautious
(Tajik) сак болуу,
sakboluu, to
be on one's
guard, этият, etiyat,
cautious
(Kyrgyz)to be
on one's
guard, to be
on one's
guard,
өөрийн харуул дээр
байх, ööriin kharuul deer
baikh, to be on one's guard, болгоомжтой, bolgoomjtoi,
cautious
(Mongolian)
提防, Tífáng, to be
on one's guard, 謹
慎, Jǐnshèn,
cautious (Traditional Chinese)
zrẽtẽne/i-:
N zrẽtẽni,
Apl. zrẽtẽniz,
guard, protector (Mylian)
nahhant-,
cautious, anxious, nah-,
cautious,
to be cautious, to be afraid, to be
respectful, to fear, pahhas->, to
guard, protect, keep people safe,auri-,
awari-, auriyala-, border guard, haliyatalla-,
temple guard (Hittite)
to be on one's guard,
[<OFr. guarder],
cautious, [<Lat.
cavere, to take
care],
uzîra[uz-ir],
to rise up (Avestan) barm khydan, برمخیدنchallenge,
mutiny, rebel, revolt, shureshi,
شورشی
revolt (Persian)
აჯანყება, ajanqeba, to
revolt, აჯანყება, ajanqeba, revolt (Georgian)
nabalkattu,
to revolt, retreat, ramp, ladder,
burglary, crossing, etc., našû,
to rise up against someone, to arise,
to prosper, to take medication, wear a
crown, bear fruit, etc., tebû, to rise up in
revolt, to advance, attack, get
up, leave, depart, erect a building, etc., tēnānû,
revolutionary?,tibûtu,
revolt, resurrection,
departure, attack,
swarming,etc., zēr
ḫalgatȋ,
rebellious (as ana invective
referring to an ethnic
group, accursed
(Akkadian)
бунтаваць, buntavać, to
revolt, паўстанне, paŭstannie,
revolt (Belarusian)
na pobunu, to revolt, pobuna, revolt
(Croatian) buntowac
sie, to revolt, bunt,
revolt, rewolta,
revolt, mutiny
(Polish);
sacelties, to revolt, sacelšanās, revolt
(Latvian) să se revolte, to
revolt, revoltă,
revolt, cabra, prance, revolt,
oppose in the case of a horse (Romanian) kapinoida
to revolt, kapina,
revolt (Finnish-Uralic)
να εξεγείρουν, na
exegeíroun, to revolt, περιστροφή, peristrofí, revolt (Greek)
ապստամբություն, apstambut’yun, to
revolt, վերածնունդ, veratsnund, revolt (Armenian)
për të revoltuar,
to revolt, revoltë,
revolte (Albanian)
matxinatzeko, to
revolt, matxinada,
revolt (Basque)
deficio-ficere -feci-fectum, to do less
than one might, to fail; revolt, rebel, to fail, rebello-are, to rebel
tumultuari, revolt
chun éiríamach, to
revolt, (éirí, rise) réabhlóid, revolt
(Irish)
gus ar-a-mach, to revolt,
(Scott) ar-a-mach,
rebellion, i
wrthryfela, to revolt
(Welsh) rivoltare,
to revolt, rivolta,
revolt
(Italian)
se révolter, to
revolt, révolte,
revolt, cabrer, to buck, to
revolt, rebel, rise up (French)
kātka-,
rise, to arise, kātklune,
arising (Tocharian)
pahs, to
rise, arāi-, to
rise, to rebel, halt, arha
t.,to rebel, to
disappear, wakresr/wakresn,
rebellion, uakkariie/a,wakrie/a,
to revolt, rebel, against, waggariya-,
to rebel, to make rebel, to be indignant,marsant-, rebel,
spoiled, bad, marsessa-,
to
rebel, to become evil, to get
spoiled, awan,edi nāi-
, to rebel, edi,
to make rebel, (to
lead to the other side), to move,
remove, harnamma(r),
rebellion, turmoil, fermentation, yeast,
hrbnala/i,
rebel, turncoat, (Hittite)
to rear, to shy, to
buck, to revolt
[<Lat. revolvo-volvere-volvi-volutum, to
roll backwards, to go over again], rebel,
[<Lat. rebellare]
avaguh, to
cover, hide, conceal;
gunth, gunthayati, to veil, conceal,
hide, cover; chada,
pp. channa,
to cover, veil, hide, conceal, keep secret tāmasaḥ, dark,
obscure, andhaḥ,
blind
panhân kardan,پنهان کردن to
hide, cache, cloak, cover, obliterate,
shield, shroud,kur,
adj., کور blind, nâbinâ,
adj., نابینا blind, unable to
see, târik,
تاريك
blind, adj.
(Persian)
დამალვა, damalva, to hide,
დამალვა
ბრმა, brma, to
blind, ბნელი, bneli, to
darken (Georgian)
timeri,
timari,
dark, #hurri,
night (Hurrian)
nāṭilu, in la nāṭilu, uppuṭu,
adj., blind, ḫuppudu, blind or having an
eye defect, perhaps to blind, cause an
eye injury, napāu,
blind, to gouge out eyes, to kick up dust,
turn upside down, etc., mīšītu, adj.,
blindness,ṣalāmu,
to turn black, to become dark, to turn dark,
purple, to temper metal, da’ummu, du’ummu,
da’āmu,
to become dark, da’ummatu,
*du’umiš,
adv., darkly, darkness,
gloom, da’ummatu,
darkness,
gloom, eklu,
dark, ekēlu,
to be dark, erpu,
adj., dark, erēpu,
to become dark or , dusky, eṭû,
adj., dark, extinguished, eṭû,
to be dark, dim,
to
darken, to be darkened, to
become gloomyḫašû,
dark, cloudy, to darken, mušēkilu, dark (lit. he who makes
dark), na’duru,
darkened, eclipsed, ādiru,
darkening, adirtu,
idurtu, hidirtu,
edirtu,
darkness, misfortune,
calamity,
obscurement, adru,
adirtu, idirtu,
dark, sad,ikiltu,
ikletu, iklu,
darkness, kukkû,
darkness as a name of the
netherworld, tarkiš,adv.,
darkly, tarku,
turruku,
dark colored, tirku,
dark spot, stroke, hit,
blow, etc.,
turku,
dark spot, ḫašû,
dark, cloudy,
(Akkadian)
схаваць,
schavać, to
hide, сляпой,
sliapoj,
blind, цямнець, ciamnieć,
to darken, цёмны,ciomny,
dark
(Belarusian)
chavac,
kryc, to
hide, ciemra,
darkness, ciomny,
adj. dark, slapy, adj.
blind (Belarus)
sakriti, to hide, slijepima,
to blind, zatamniti, to darken (Croatian) ukryć, to
hide, ślepy,
blind, ciemność,
darken, ciemny,
dark(Polish) slēpties,
to hide, uz akli, to
blind, pasliktināt, to darken (Latvian) a se ascunde, to
hide, a
orbi, to
blind,întuneca,
darken (Romanian)
piiloutua, to hide, tehdä sokea, to make blind,
tumma,
dark, tummentaa,
to darken (Finnish-Uralic)
κρυβω, kryvo, to
hide, κάνει τυφλή, kánei tyflí, to make blind;
tyfli, blind,
(Greek)
թաքցնել, t’ak’ts’nel, to
hide, կույր, kuyr, to blind, մթնել,
mt’nel, to
darken (Armenian) fsheh, të fshehtë, to hide,
të
verbosh, to blind, errësoj,
darken
(Albanian)
Ezkutatu,
to hide, itsutu,
to blind, ilun,
dark, obscure,iluntasuna,
darkness
(Basque)
caeco-are, to make blind or dark, celo-are,
to hide,
obscuro-are-avi-atum, to darken,
ater, atra, atrum, dark, Erebus-i,
god of darkness, lower world, Erebeus-a-um,
adj.,
Orcus-i, Orcos,
the infernal region, god of the lower
world,
temero-are, to darken
a
cheilt, to hide, to blind, dall, dorcha,
dark, chun dorchadas,
to darken (Irish)
gus falach, to hide, gu
dall, to blind,
dorcha,
dark, gu dorchadas,
to darken (Scott) celu, to
hide, conceal, cloak, dissemble; cuddio,
to hide,
conceal, cloak, mask; dirgelu, to
secret, conceal, hide, dallu, to
blind, dazzle, daze (Welsh)
nascondere, to hide,
accecare, to blind, caeco,
obscuro,
darken (Italian)
cacher, to
hide, conceal, aveugler, to blind,
assombrir, darken (French)
સંતાડવું, Santāḍavuṁ, to hide,
અંધ કરવા, Andha
karavā, to blind, અંધારું કરવું, Andhāruṁ karavuṁ,
darken (Gujarati) gizlemek,
to hide, kör
etmek, to blind, karartmak,
darken (Turkish) жасыру, jasırw,
to hide, соқыр болу, soqır
bolw, to blind, күңгірттеу, küñgirttew.
darken (Kazakh) yashirmoq,
to hide, ko'r
qilmoq, to
blind, qoraymoq,
darken (Uzbek) пинҳон
кардан, pinhon
kardan, to hide, кӯр
кардан, kūr
kardan, to blind, торик кардан, torik
kardan, darken
(Tajik) жашыруу,
jaşıruu,
to hide, сокур кылуу, sokur
kıluu, to
blind, караңгылатуу, karaŋgılatuu,
darken
(Kyrgyz) нуух,
nuukh,
to hide, сохрох, sokhrokh,
to blind, харанхуйлах, kharankhuilakh,
darken
(Mongolian) 隱藏, Yǐncáng, to hide, 致盲, Zhì máng, to blind, 變暗, Biàn àn, darken (Traditional
Chinese)
ksā-, blind,
(Tocharian)
ule-> hide, conceal, dasuuahh,
tasuah,
to make blind, tasuant,
blind, dasuwah-,
to make blind, dazzle,hanzanas,
dankuis,
#dankui,
nanakussiyant-,
dark, dnkui,
dnkuai,
dankuis,
dnkudr, darkness,black, to become black,
dankues,
to get dark, dnkues,
to become black, dankuuahh,
danku(ua)nu,
dankuianu,
dnkuneske/a,
dnku(a)nu,
dnkuinu,
dnkuah,
to make black,
hanzanas, dark, nana(n)kussiie/a, nana(n)gus(ie/a),
to become dark, gloomy,
obscure, #neku,
to get dark, marwai,
to blacken, tarkuwalāi-,
to give someone a dark look, (GE6-es-),
dark
(Hittite)
See also,
2-49, to hide,
cela, Script
AG-1;
CELeRIM,
Script,
Z582;
celi, Script
Z180, Z197, Z263, Z357,
Z412, Z421, Z1040, Z1337, Z1345;
celo
(CELV), Script
Z727, Z897, Z1203
celto
(CELTV) , Script
Q813– probably celtv or, L. celator, a
concealor, or Celtae
arum, the Celts
CELATI, AG-7
See also, 10-14,
tam, Script L35 tamera,
Script PN-2
Orcos,
Script CBI-3,
See also,
1-102, Arepe,
N292, N444, R278, Q18,
Arepes, Script
N31, N500, N561, N598, N632
x
x
x
x
x
x
see ca8e
above
2-5
CAF_, Script ZA-4
x
x
x
Chiana Valley, betwen Sienna and Perugia
x
Chaina, place name, Chiana Valley :
Caina, Caino? Captured by Numicius 468 B.C.
2-6
Chaina (↓aina), Script AB-1;
Caina, Script NC-3
x
x
cais,
apricot tree (Romanian)
x
Caius = Gaius,
abbrev. C, a Roman praenomen, f., Gaia; port of
Caieta
x
Gaius, name
2-7
Cais,
Script MA-2
ucchedaniya, adj.
to be cut off; anuccho, to
cut open, cut up nas-,
nāśayati, to destroy, mārayati, to
kill animals, tāḍayati,to beat, praharati, to strike,
abhitad, to
beat,hit, thump, wound
thweresaiti
[thwares],
to cut off, to destroy,
mereñcaite
[mareñc], to kill, to smite, to
destroy,
irish [-], to
kill, wound; to
destroy or kill by wounding, îzhâ [-],
sacrifice, milk offerings, wish, desire;
abundance, prosperity, comfort;
food, ýasna [-],
sacrifice, worship, prayer(Avestan)
koštâr, کشتار
slaughter,keštán,
کشتنto
annihilate, slaughter, kill, boridan, بریدن, to
cut, cidan,
چیدن,
to crop, cut down, pick, dispose, nip, qat'
kardán, قطع کردن,
to cut, cut off, axe, shear, etc., zadan,
زدن to cut, beat
(Persian)
სასაკლაო,
sasaklao,
to slaughter, მოკვლა,
mokvla, to
kill, შემცირება, shemts’ireba,
to cut down,ცემა,
ts’ema, to beat,
(Georgian)
#urb-,
to kill (Urartian) u(r)b-,
slaughter, ašh-, to
sacrifice, zašg-,
to kill, #ub-, to kill,
id-,
to beat, crush (Hurrian)
karašû,
to slaughter, palāqu, to
slaughter, to run through (with a
sword or other weapon),to bore, to
pierce, perforate, naksu,
slaughtered, ripped, felled, cut off, nakāsu, to
slaughter, to kill, cut off, to be slaughtered,
to sever, to rip a garment, to diminish in the
size of real estate, pulluqu,
adj., slaughtered, šagāšu, to
slaughter animals, to slay in battle, to murder,
strike down, etc., šaggaštu, slaughter, massacre, murder,šaggaštu,
in ša šaggašti,
man commiting violence, šaggāšu,
murderer, šaggāšû, murderous,*ḫadu,
in ḫadummaepēšu, to
kill,dâku,
to kill a person or animal, murder,
execute, break a tablet, etc., maqātu,
to kill animals in the hunt, defeat an
enemy to fall down, etc.,nēru,
to kill, to slay, hit, strike, etc., ṭerû, to beat,
strike,diku,
killed, slain, etc.,
qatālu,
to kill, slaughter, cause to
slaughter,
kilullû,
massacre,nakādu,
to beat, palpitate, to cause
concern, naṭû,
to beat, to be beaten, *naṭû, adj., beaten, niṭûtu, beating, niṭûtu, beating, hitting, taḫtiptu,
sacrificial slaughtering
(Akkadian)
зарэзаць, zarezać,
to slaughter, забіць, zabić, to kill,
ссекчы, ssiekčy, to
cut down, біць, bić,
to beat (Belarusian) scinac, sciac,
cut
off, cut down
(Belarus)
na klanje, to slaughter, ubiti, to kill, smanjiti, to
cut down, pobijediti,
to beat (Croatian) do uboju,
to slaughter, zabić, to
kill, trzebić,
to cut down,pobić, to
beat (Polish) kaušanai, to
slaughter, nogalināt,
to kill, samazināt, to cut
down, Sist,
to beat (Latvian) la sacrificare,
to slaughter, să ucidă,
to kill,a tăia,
to cut down, a bate,
to beat, (Romanian) teurastukseen,
to slaughter, tappaa, to kill, kaataa, to cut down, lyödä, to beat
(Finnish-Uralic)
σε σφαγή, se sfagí, to
slaughter, να θυσιάσει, na
skotóseis, to kill, na
thysiásei, to sacrifice,να κόψω, na kópso, to
cut, να νικήσει,
na nikísei,
to beat, (Greek)
զոհաբերելու համար, zohaberelu
hamar, to sacrifice, սպանդին, spandin,
to slaughter, slay, սպանել,
spanel,
to kill, ծեծել, tsetsel, to
beat (Armenian) për të sakrifikuar, to
sacrifice, për të therur,
to slaughter, për të vrarë to kill, për të rrahur, to beat,
lodh, to
wear down, fatigue, kadencë,
cadence [music]
(Albanian)
do
uboju, to slaughter, mordować, to
murder, kill, slaughter, assasinate, masakrować,
to massacre, slaughter, butcher, hack,
mangle, zabić,
to kill, uciąć, to
cut, moztu, to cut down, jipoitu, to beat
(Basque)
caedis-is, cutting down, slaughter,
killing; pers. slain (L. caedis-is; 3rd
Decl. Acc. -em>im); Context: of sacrifice
of he-goat], neco-are-avi-atum, to
kill, murder,
battuo [batuo]-are,
to beat
a mharúa,
to slaughter,
kill, a mharú,
to kill, a
ghearradhsíos,
to cut down,caedence,
caedence, chun
buille,
a bhualadh,
to beat
(Irish) marbhadh,
to slaughter,
kill, a ghearradh
sìos,
to cut down, gu buille, to beat (Scott) lladd,
to kill, slay,
slaughter,
cut, torri, to break, cut, facture, hack, hew,
crop, i guro, to
beat
(Welsh) macellare, to
slaughter, sacrificio, sacrifice, ridurre,
cut
down, uccidere, to kill,
cadenza,
cadence,
rhythm, battere, to beat (Italian) tuer,
to kill,
slaughter, abattre,
to slaughter,
fell, cut
down,couper,
to cut, sacrifier, to sacrifice, cadence,
cadence, battre, to beat (French)
કતલ કરવી, Katala
karavī, to
slaughter, મારવા, Māravā,
to kill, કાપવા માટે, Kāpavā māṭē, to cut down, હરાવવુ, Harāvavu, to beat (Gujarati)
katletmek, to slaughter, öldürmek,
to kill, kesmek,
to cut down, b'ye,
to beat
(Turkish) сойуға, soywğa,
to slaughter,
өлтіру, öltirw,
to kill,
қысқарту үшін, qısqartw
üşin, to cut
down, ұру, urw,
to beat
(Kazakh) so'yish,
to slaughter,
ki
ga, to kill,kesmoq,
to cut down, urmoq, to beat (Uzbek) куштан, kuştan,
to slaughter,
kill, буридан, ʙuridan,
to cut down, задан, zadan,
to beat
(Tajik) союу, soyuu,
to slaughter,
өлтүрүү, öltürüü,
to kill, кыскартуу, kıskartuu,
to cut down, уруу, uruu,
to beat
(Kyrgyz) нядлах, nyadlakh, to slaughter, алах, alakh, to kill, бууруулах, buuruulakh, to cut down, цохих, нүдэх, tsokhikh, nüdekh,
to beat
(Mongolian) 屠宰, Túzǎi, to slaughter,殺死, Shā sǐ, to kill, 削減, Xuējiǎn, to cut down, 打, Dǎ,
to beat
(Traditional
Chinese)
kāw-[B kau],
to kill, kolune,
killing, koṣt,
cut, edge, kärn- [B kärn-],
to beat,
strike
(Tocharian) fa-karsed,
cut out
(Lydian)
kurana/i,
cut in slices,
kursauar/
kursau(a)n, cut off, kuar/ur, to cut, kuri/kurai, cutter, kurama, kuratr/kuratn,cutting,karsnu,
kars,
cut off,to
cancel,
(Luvian)
huek/huk, to slaughter, hogesr/hogesn, slaughtering, kakkur(s?)-, to cut, maim,skuēnzi,
#kwen, kuenna/kuenn, kuen/kun,
kuēnzi, #kwen,
kuask-to kill, kuēn-> kill,
strike, kuemi, I
kill, kue(n)/kun/ku(n), to
slay, to ruin, to kill, kunant-,
killed, tuhhus->, tuhs,
tuhus,
tuhsanna/
tuhsanni, cut off,
separate, to be
cut off,
separated, tuhsant-,
cut, shortened,tuhs-,
cut, to separate
a girl from her
lover,tksansar, cut
in half, divide,tsah/tsahh,
tsah/tsh,
to beat, to
hit, kartae, to cut off, kukurs,
to cut up,
mutilate,kuērzi,kuer/kur,kuers/kurs,to cut,
kurutsi,
cutter, kuresr/kuresn,
cutting, karsiie/a,
to cut up, karsesr/karsesn,
cutting,karsat, cutting, removal, sērhappesnāi-,
cut up, to take to pieces, waksur?,
cut, hattāi-,
cut off, to put to death,hazziknu-, to beat,,
hit, strike, to fight,harnink->, to destroy,mark-, to
cut, distribute,ark/rk
, to cut off, divide, ark,
to cut up, to split up,#tupi,
to beat, (Hittite)
of slaughter, [<ME, of Scand. origin],
killing (re: a sacrifice),[<Lat.
sacrificium-i],
beat, [<OE bēatan],
kill
[<ME killen],
cut
[<ME cutten],
murder, [<OE morther],
massacre,
[<OFr.], cadence, balanced
rythmic beats
2-8
2-9 deleted
caitim,
Script Z674;
See also:. batyn,
(BATYN),
XL-3
binduka, drop;
cyut, cyotati, to drop, sprinkle' gal, galati, pp. galita, drip, drop,
fall, vanish, pass away, galayati,
cause to drop, liquify, melt, kṣayaṃ, to collapse, kṣayaḥ,
to fall, ruin
cekidan, چکیدن to
drop, ofthodaen, افتادن, to
fall, drop, plunge, tumble,
kamkardan, کم کردن
to decrease, etc., rambydan,
رمبیدن
to collapse, tumble, fall (Persian)
დავარდნა, davardna, to
drop, დაცემა, dats’ema, to
fall, შემცირება, shemts’ireba,
to decrease, ჩამონგრევა,
chamongreva,
to collapse (Georgian)
kud-, kut-,
to fell, fallturi,
low, down
(Hurrian) maqātu,
to descend, to
suffer
a defeat, to perish, to throw oneself down,to
swoop down, to collapse, to fall down, to
fall, to fall in battle, etc.,katātu,
to descend to the horizon, to submit oneself,
to be low, kabāsu,
to drop, defeat an enemy, to trample,
etc., nadû,
to drop, overthrow, load an animal,
wagon, cast a net,
to disregard an order, rite, etc., to
brew beer, etc., nasāk,
to deposit silver, to remove an
object, to cast aside, reject, etc., natāku,
to drop, drip, trickle, etc.,ramû,
to drop, leave behind, to limp,
to loosen, to permit, etc. (Akkadian)
выпусціць, vypuscić, to
drop, падаць, padać, to fall,
collapse, для памяншэння, dlia
pamianšennia, to decrease, знізіць, znizić, to lower
(Belarusian) puskac, to drop; upadak,
fall, drop, collapse
(Belarus) pasti,
to fall, ispustiti,
to drop, smanjiti, to
lower, decrease, srušiti
se, to collapse
(Croatian) upuścić,
to drop, upaść,
to fall, obniżyć, to lower,
zmniejszyć,
to decrease,
zawalić
się,
to collapse (Polish)
krist, to fall, nomest, to drop,
samazināties, to decrease, sabrukt, to
collapse (Latvian) a scapa, to drop,
a cădea,
to fall, a
reduce, to decrease, a
se prabusi. to collapse
(Romanian) pudottaa,
to drop,pudota,
to fall, vähentää, to decrease, sortua,
to collapse (Finnish-Uralic)
να πέσει, na pései, to
drop, fall, να μειωθεί, na meiotheí,
to decrease, καταρρέω, katarréo, to
collapse (Greek)
ընկնել, ynknel, to
fall, թողնել, p’luzvelt’voghnel,
to drop նվազեցնելու
համար, nvazets’nelu hamar, to
decrease, փլուզվել,
p’luzvel,
to abort, collapse fail
(Armenian) për t'u ulur, to decrease, lower, të
bjerë, to drop, fall pakësohem,
to
decrease, pakësoj,
lower, të
rrëzohet, to tear down, demolish,
collapse (Albanian)
tanta, to
drop, erori, to fall, gutxiagotu, to
decrease, erortzeko,
to collapse,
(Basque)
deicere, to drop, cado-ere-cecidi-caesum, to fall,
to droop, to diminish, etc.
chun titim,
to drop, fall, a shliocht, to descend, a laghdú, to
decrease, le titim, to collapse
(Irish)
gus tuiteam,
to fall, drop, a dhol sìos, to descend, gus
lùghdachadh,
to decrease, gu tuiteam, to
collapse (Scott)
disgyn, to descend,
alight, dismount, light, fall, drop, gollwng, to
drop, loose, let go,
absolve, discharge,
dismiss, leak, i
leihau, to decrease,
i
gwympo, to collapse
(Welsh)
far cadere,
to drop, calare, to fall,
diminuire, to decrease,
collassare, to collapse, crollare, to
collapse, tumble
(Italian)
abandonner, to drop, abandon, tomber,
to fall, collapse, drop, tumble, diminuer,
to decrease, S'effondrer (French)
મુકવું,
Mukavuṁ, to
drop, પડવૂ, Paḍavū,
to fall, નીચુંપડવું,
Nīcuṁ paḍavuṁ,
to decline, fall down ,Ghaṭāḍō,
to decrease, ભાંગી
પડવું, Bhāṅgī
paḍavuṁ, to collapse
(Gujarati)
bırakmak, to drop,
düşmek,
to fall, azaltmak için, to
decrease, lessen,
çökmek,
to collapse,
crumble
(Turkish) құлау, qulaw,
to drop, fall,
collapse, азайту, azaytw,
to decrease
(Kazakh) tashlamoq, to
drop, yiqilish,
to fall,
kamaytirmoq, to decrease, lessen,
qulab
tushmoq, to
collapse (Uzbek)
партофтан, partoftan,
to drop, афтодан,
aftodan,
to fall, кам кардан, kamkardan,
to decrease,
lessen, фурӯ рафтан, furū raftan, to collapse
(Tajik)
түшүү, tüşüü,
to drop, жыгылуу, jıgıluu, to
fall, азайтуу,
azaytuu,
to decrease, кулоо, kuloo,
to collapse
(Kyrgyz)
дусах, унах,
dusakh,
unakh, to drop, унах,
to drop, fall, бууруулах, buuruulakh,
to decrease, нурах, nurakh, to collapse (Mongolian) 下降, Xiàjiàng, to
drop, fall, decrease,
跌倒, Diédǎo, to
fall, 減少, Jiǎnshǎo,
to decrease, 崩潰,
Bēngkuì, to
collapse (Traditional Chinese)
kārpa- (vb.) 1.[B
kārp-],descend, [B klāyā-], fall
down, klālune,
falling, koṣta-, to
strike
(Tocharian)
tsapie/a,
to drip, drop, leak, hark-, to
collapse, die, harkiya-,
pars(iya)-arha, arha h., awan kata,
to collapse, kattan,
to fall down,EGIR-pa maus-,
to fall backward, to neglect, isnuwa,
to set, settle,lak/lk, to
fall, to knock out a
tooth, to turn one’s eyes and ears towards
something, to train a vine, topple something, lak-, lag, to fall,
slant, tilt, to submit,lilak,
to fell, mumiadr,
to collapse,
fall, mauszi,mau/mu,mau/mu/maus, maus-,
to fall, muwete?,
descendance, walhesr/walhesn,
strike, blow
(Hittite)
to lower, strike,
descend upon,
decline, set,
drop, decrease, to cut,
[<Me cutten],
fell, fall, [<OE, faellan], raze, to tear down,
demolish, [<Lat. radare,
to scrape, lag,
fail to keep up, to fall behind
2-10
kali, Script
Q360; (See CAL, KALA, KALI above, 2-9,
calo-are;
possibly 1st Pers. Ind. Perf. 1st
Pers. single calā́vī
or Conj. Pres. 3rd Pers. Single,
calet)
kaṭhina (f. nā =
callous) kiṇakṛta
saxt,
سخت,
callous,
grevious, harsh, (saxt, hard) pust,
پوست
skin, (Persian)
მძიმე წებოვანი, mdzime tsebovani, hard
skinned (Georgian)
цяжка лупінай, ciažka
lupinaj, hard skinned (ciažka, hard) (Belarusian) tvrda
koža, hard skinned (tvrda, hard) (Croatian)
twarda
skóra, hard
skinned (Polish) cieta
āda, hard skinned, (cieta, hard) grūti, hard
(Latvian) greu,
hard, cu piele tare, with
hard skin (tare, hard) (Romanian)
kovaa nahkaa, hard skinned (kovaa, hard)
(Finnish-Uralic)
σκληρό δέρμα, skliró
dérma, hard skinned (Greek)
ծանր բծերը, tsanr btsery, hard skinned
(Armenian)
e vështirë i skinnuar, hard skinned
(Albanian)
larru
gogorra, hard skinned (Basque)
callosus, hard
skinned, solid
craiceanncrua, hard
skinned (crua, hard) (Irish) craiceanncruaidh, hard
skinned (cruaidh, hard) (Scott) croen caled,
hard skinned, (caled, hard) (Welsh)
callosita,
callous, duro,
hard, tough
(Italian)
calleux,
callous, hard, dur,
hard (French)
સખત
ચામડીવાળું, Sakhata
cāmaḍīvāḷuṁ, hard skinned (Gujarati)
sert tenli, hard
skinned (sert, hard) (Turkish) қатты тері, qattıteri, hard
skinned (qatti, hard, teri, skin) (Kazakh)
хатуу
арьстай, khatuu
aristai, hard skinned
(Mongolian)
硬皮, Yìng pí,
hard skinned(Traditional
Chinese)пӯсти
сахт
callous,
hard skinned
2-11
calos,
(CALVS),
Script M-1, a name?
koṣṭhaḥ, chamber, room,
vezman, dwelling, house,
khoḍakaśīrṣam,
arched roof, vault, nikujja, thicket,
bower, vault; naka, celestial vault,
heaven, sky;
nabhastala [tala, place, like the palm of the
hand] celestial vault; apavaraka, bed chamber;
bhumigrha,
an underground, gartaḥ,
cell, small cavity, harmyam,
dome, house
anugai
to sing after or to, to celebrate in song;
pragita, singing; arcayati, -te}, pp.
{arcita} (q.v.) cause to
shine; honour, salute; stu, stauti, stute,
stavate, sing, chant, ga, gayati (-te)
& gati, praise,
proclaim, call with a song, sing or call to
sarâyidan,
سرودن, to chant,
compose, sing,
xândan,
خواندن to sing,
chant, study, âvâz
xândan, آواز خواندن
to sing, chant, vocalize (Persian)
მღერიან, mgherian, to sing (Georgian)
nagû,
to sing joyously, nasāsu, to
sing, to complain, to wail, aštalû,
eštalû, a type of singer, galmāḫu,
chief singer of dirges, ṣariḫu,
singer of lamentations, šārūtu,
position of a singer, ṣarāḫu,
to sing, to sing a lamentation,
utter cries of mourning,šēru,
inḫu,
song or tune, tigû, song,
stringed instrument, zimru, song, zumāru,
refrain or
burden of a
song,zamāu,
to sing a song with or without
instruments, have singers and
musicians perform, to be sung,zamāru,
song, literary
composition to be
sung, zammāru,
singer, zammāru,
in rabzāmmārȋ, chief singer,zammeru, singer of aspecial type, (Akkadian)
спяваць, spiavać,
to sing (Belarusian) picsnia, song (Belarus)
pjevati, to sing (Croatian)
śpiewać,
to sing (Polish)
grimat, to sing
(Baltic-Sudovian) dzied, to sing
(Latvian)
cânta, to sing
(Romanian)
laulaa, to sing (Finnish-Uralic)
τραγουδώ, tragoudo, to
sing, ψάλλω, psallo, chant, sing (Greek)
երգում, yergum, to
sing (Armenian)
këndoj, to sing
(Albanian)
abestu,
to sing, abesti, song (Basque)
cano, canere,
cecin, cantum, to sing
canadh, to sing
(Irish)
can, va. cantainn,
cantainn, singing,
speaking; seinn,
sing (Scott)
canu, to sing, chant,
play, crow, ring (Welsh) kanañ, to sing
(Breton)
canto (1) song,
singing (2) corner;
cantare, to sing;
cantante, singer
(Italian)
chanter, to sing, chanteuse, chanteur, singer
(French)
ગાવું, Gāvuṁ, to sing
(Gujarti)
söylemek,
to sing, tell, speak (Turkish)
ән айту, än aytw, to
sing, ән салу, än salw,
singing (Kazakh)
kuylamoq,
to sing (Uzbek)
суруд
хондан, surud,
to sing, cсароидан,
saroidan,
to sing (Tajik)
ырдоо, ırdoo, to sing (Greek)
дуулах, duulakh, to sing
(Mongolian)
唱歌, Chànggē,
to sing, 詠嘆, Yǒngtàn,
to sing, chant
(Traditional Chinese)
ge,
singing, song (Tocharian)
SIR,
to sing,shmai/shmi,
ishamai/ishami,ishamiie/a,
to sing, shmadla, singer, #išhamai,
a song, shmai, song, melody
(Hittite)
to sing,
play, to
prophesy [OE singan],
chant,
[<Lat. canis,
song]
spâ,
span [-],
sûnahe, dog
(Avestan)
sag,
سگ dog (Persian)
ძაღლი, dzaghli, dog
(Georgian)
ervi ~
erbi, dog (Hurrian)
kalbu,
dog, constellation Hercules, a fish, kalbatu,
female dog, bitch, a leather part of the plow, kalbāniš,
like a dog, mīrānu,
young dog, puppy, cub of a wild animal, kalbu,
in ša kalbē, hunting dogs keeper
(Akkadian)
сабака, sabaka,
dog (Belarusian) pas, dog
(Serbo
Croatian)
sabaka,
dog
(Belarus) pas, dog
(Croatian) pies, dog
(Polish) sunis,
dog (Baltic-Sudovian)
suns, dog (Latvian)
câine, dog
(Romanian) koira, dog
(Finnish-Uralic)
σκύλος, skýlos,
dog (Greek) շուն, shun,
dog (Armenian) mashkull, qen, dog
(Albanian)
txakur, dog
(Basque)
canis-is, dog
madra, dog (Irish) cù , dog (Scott)
ci, dog
(Welsh) ki, dog (Breton)
cane, dog
(Italian) chien, dog (French)
કૂતરો, Kūtarō,
dog (Gujarati) köpek, dog
(Turkish)
ит, ït,
dog (Kazakh) it,
dog (Uzbek) саг,
sag,
dog (Tajik) ит, it,
dog (Kyrgyz) нохой, nokhoi, dog
(Mongolian) 狗,Gǒu,
dog (Traditional Chinese)
can, dog (Illyrian)
kan, dog (Lydian) ku, krāke, dog (Tocharian)
littūtu,
extreme old age,labīrūtu,
old age, long duration, *paršumu,
to let live to old age, to be blessed with
old age,
nissatu, old age, weakness?, peṣû, white, pale,
bleached, cleared, emptied of
vegetation, obstructions,
etc., sintered,puṣṣû, white,*puṣû,
white gold, pūṣu, white
of the eyes, white spot,
fleck, mark, gaṣṣu,
whitewash, gaṣṣu,
in mê gaṣṣi,
whitewash, šallapittu,
a type of plaster or
clay, type of footwear,
šallaru, plaster, mud, mortar
(Akkadian)
canus-a-um,
whitish, grey, aged pallare, to
become pale, albeo-ere,
to become white, to dawn, gypsum-i,
plaster, gypsum, alabaster,
emplastrum-i, plaster
śiraskam, cap, skull cap, kulapati,
head of a famly; zirsan, head; nirvyudhi, issue,
end, top, summit;
culaka, tuft, crest, adj., culika, comb of a
cock, crest, summit
kolâh, کلاه
cap, crown, hat, kaskat, کاسکت cap, helmet (Persian)
კეპი, cap, cap,
ქუდი,
kudi, hat, cap (Georgian)
kubšu,
cap, part of the exta, cap of a seal,
headdress, a part of the plow, name of a bird,
lit., "my cap is multicolored," a part of the
human body, pingu,
cap, knob, finial, panāgu, to
cap, to mount (Akkadian)
вечка, viečka,
cap, шапка,
šapka,
cap, капялюш, kapialiuš,
hat (Belarusian) sapka,
cap, kapitan,
captain, stalica, capital (Belarus)
kapa, cap, hat
(Croatian)
czapka,
cap, covering, head (Polish) cepure,
hat, cap, headdress (Latvian)
capac,
cap, cover, lid, cowl, şapcă, cap,
pălărie, hat, cap,
headgear (Romanian) korkki,cap, hattu, hat
(Finnish-Uralic)
καπάκι, kapáki, cap, καπέλο, kapélo,
hat (Greek)
գլխարկ,
glkhark,
cap (Armenian)
kasketë, kësulë,
helmetë,
kapak,
skufje, kupë,
shkronja kapitale,
cap (Albanian)
caput-itis,
the head; also the top, summit, extremity,
source;
capitaneus,
command
caipín, cap, hata, hat
(Irish)
caip,
cap, ad,
hat (Scott)
cap-iau,
cap; cochl-au, mantell-oedd, pall-on, mantle,
het, hat
(Welsh)
cappa,
cap, capello,
cap, hat (Italian)
capuchon,
capuche, hood, cowl, chapeau,
cap, hat, (French)
કેપ, Kēpa, cap, ટોપી, Ṭōpī,
hat, cap (Gujarati)
şapka, cap,
hat, headgear (Turkish)
қақпақ
qaqpaq,
cover, lid, cap, шляпа, şlyapa,
hat, cap
(Kazakh)
shapka,
hat, cap (Uzbek)
калапӯш, kalapūş,
cap, hat (Tajik)
шляпа, şlyapa,
hat, cap (Kyrgyz)
малгай, malgai, hat,
cap (Mongolian) 帽, Mào, hat, cap
(Traditional
Chinese)
lopani,
royal cap (Hittite)
vault, mantle,
frock, cowl, cap
[<LLat. cappa]?,
hat, [<OE
hæt]
2-19
cap, Script
N149
cape, Script
K74
x
x
x
x
Capri?
x
name? Capari, Capri?
2-20
capari,
Script ZB-4,
Z842, Z1770
aja,
ajaa;
basta, a goat, chāgaḥ,
he goat
būza,
goat,
anumayanãm
[anumaya], goat, small cattle, a
sheep (Avestan)
bozبز goat
(Persian)
ის თხა,
is t’kha, he goat
(Georgian)
ḫanzu,
a goat, gizzu, male
goat, enzu,
goat (generic term),immeru,
goats and sheep, mašgallu,
male goat, urīṣu, billy
goat,*mašgallû,
pertaining to a
goat,azzatu,
she-goat (Akkadian)
ён казёл, jon kaziol,
he-goat, казу, kazu, she-goat
(Belarusian) jarac (Serbo
Croatian) on je kozu,
he-goat, kaza
she-goat, (Croatian)
on kozi,
he-goat, ona kozi,
she-goat (Polish) azukas, he-goat; aze, she-goat
(Baltic-Sudovian)
viņš kaza,
he-goat, viņa
kazas, she-goat
(Latvian) el
capră, he-goat, ea capraea
capra, she-goat
(Romanian)
hän
vuohi, he-goat, she-goat
(Finnish-Uralic)
τον κατσίκι, ton katsiki,
he goat, αυτή κατσίκα, aftí katsíka,
she-goat, tragos, gida,
goat
(Greek)
նա այծ, nsa ayts,
he-goat,
she-goat (Armenian) ai dhi, he
goat, ajo dhi, she-goat,
(Albanian)
ahuntz,
goat, ahuntza
zuen, he goat, she goat
(Basque)
caper-ri
gabhar,
he-goat, she-goat (Irish)
an gobhar,
he-goat, boc, gabhar, she-goat (Scott)
gafr, he-goat, hi gafr, she-goat
(Welsh) lei capralui capra,
he-goat, lei capra,
she-goat, (Italian)
il bouc, he-goat, elle
chévre, she-goat
(French)
તેમણે બકરી, Tēmaṇē bakarī,
he-goat, તે બકરી, Tē bakarī, she-goat
(Gujarati)
o keçi,
goat, he-goat, she-goat, teke,
he-goat, billy goat (Turkish)
ол ешкі, ol eşki,
he-goat, she-goat (Kazakh)
u echki,
he-goat, she-goat (Uzbek)
ӯ
буз, ū ʙuz,
he-goat, she-goat (Tajik)
ал эчки, al eçki,
he-goat, she-goat (Kyrgyz)
тэр
ямаа, ter
yamaa, he-goat,
she-goat (Mongolian) 他山羊, Tā shānyáng, he-goat, she-goat
(Traditional
Chinese)
goat-’, āṣi*
(adj.)[B aṣiye]
she-goat,
ās [B ās], n.
(Tocharian)
ityabodhisaḥ, to
understand, know cit, cetati, -te,
perceive, observe,
attend to, take care of, conceive, understand,
know; budh, bodhati, wake, awake,
perceive,
understand, regard or know; vid, vetti,
understand, learn,
perceive, experience,
feel; think or be
mindful of, believe,
suppose, know
dâ-,
to know, think, dãstvãm
[dãstvâ], knowledge,
tovid-
[-], vaêdâ
[vaêd, vid], vaêdha
[-], to know, vîdvå [vîdhvangh],
knowing, cistâ [-],
knowledge, insight, wisdom,manangha
[manangh],
mind, thought,
thinking, purpose, frâyô-humatô
[frâyô-humata], rich in good
thoughts,
ushi
[-], understanding, intelligence
(Avestan)
daryâftan, دریافتن to
grasp, comprehend, to
understand, fahmidan,
فهمیدن
to understand, dânestan,
دانستن
to know (Persian)
გაგება, gageba, to understand, ცოდნა, tsodna, to
know
(Georgian)
pal-,
to know (Hurrian)
le’û, to understand
something, to master, to overpower
someone, to be lost, etc.,lamādu, to know each other, to
understand, to study, take note, to
become knowledgeable, to become aware,
to teach, etc., ḫakāmu,
to understand, to be
recognizable, prescribe, etc.,
to know, murqu,
understanding, ḫasīsu,
understanding,
ear, faculty of
hearing, ḫissatu, understanding,
notification,
mention,
intelligence,
divine grace, edû, to know, idû, to know something or somebody,
to be
experienced,
torecognize, etc,
edūtu, knowledge, mudû,
knowing
something or
somebody,
knowledgable,
etc.,
nēmequ,
knowledge, experience, wisdom, skill, cunning, uznu, ear,
attention, wisdom, understanding, part of a
plant, handle (Akkadian)
разумець, razumieć,
to understand, ведаць, viedać, to
know (Belarusian) razumiec, zrasumiec, to
understand (Belarus) razumjeti, to
understand, znati, to
know (Croatian) znac, to
know (Polish) saprast, to
understand, zināt,
to know (Latvian)
a
întelege,
to understand, să știi,
to know (Romanian)
ymmärtää, to
understand, tietää, to know
(Finnish-Uralic)
να καταλαβεις, na katalaveis, to understand κατανοώ, katanoo,
to understand, comprehend,για να ξέρεις, gia na xéreis, to
know (Greek)
հասկանալ, haskanal,
to understand, իմանալ, imanal, to know
(Armenian)
të kuptosh, to understand, marr
vesh, I hear,
understand, mendoj,
I think, kujtoj, recall, besoj, I
believe, të dish, to know
(Albanian)
capire, to
to take, seiw, to catch, capture, occupy,
charm, cheat,
assume, etc., intellego-egere-exi-ectum,
to understand, comperire, to
understand, scio-ire--ivi-itum, to
know, to have skill
chun
thuig,
to understand, a fhios, to
know (Irish)
a thuigsinn,
to understand, fios a
bhith agad, to know
(Scott)
i ddeall
to understand, i gwybod,
to know (Welsh)
capire, to understand, sapere,
to know
(Italian)
entendre, to hear, comprendre, to understand,
à savoir, to
know (French)
સમજવું,
Samajavuṁ,
to understand, જાણવા, Jāṇavā,
to know (Gujarati)
anlamak, to understand, bilmek,
to know, understand (Turkish)
түсіну, tüsinw,
to understand, білу,
bilw,
to know
(Kazakh)
tushunmoq,
to understand, bilmoq,
to know (Uzbek)
фаҳмидан, fahmidan,
to understand, донистан,
donistan,
to know
(Tajik)
түшүнү, tüşünüü,
to understand, билүү, bilüü,
to know (Kyrgyz)
ойлгох, oilgokh, to understand, мэдэх, medekh,
to know
(Mongolian) 理
解, Lǐjiě, to
understand, 知道, Zhīdào,
to know (Traditional
Chinese)
kärsā- [B
kärsā-]
to know, understand, let know, tell,
announce, knā-[B
knā-],
to know, knānal,
knowing, knānmune,
knowledgekärs/śar,
to know,
kärsām,
knowing, kärsālune,
knowledge, understanding
(Tocharian)
warpa/i, knowledge, craft, skill
(Luvian)
sakinu-,to understand?,sākki,
sakk/skk,sek-,
sak-,
sak/sk,
to know about, to experience, to
heed, to pay attention to, to recognize,
to remember, to be expert in, sekkant-,
known, conscious, isduwa-> to be known, well-known,
to become famous,#parjanaza
(Hieroglyphic), to
know, idālawanni
kittari, it is poorly understood
(Hittite)
to understand
[<OE understandan], to know [<OE
cndwan],
cite,
[<Lat. citare,
to mention], idea, [<Gk.], educate,
[<Lat. educare,
to rear, train]
puraetr,
who goes before, leader;
senavaha,
camunatha, camupa, pati, leader of an army; sarthapati, chief
or leader of a caravan; gramika, chief of a
village; nipa, chief, master,
cūḍā,
of the head, summit, mahātman,
principal, chief, nāyakaḥ,
manager, chief, īśaḥ, lord,
raj, rajati,
-te, rasti; to reign, rule,
rajan, king, ruler
,
vîspaitîm
[vîspaiti],
head of the clan (ahm), the
master of a street or borough, ukhra [-], strong, powerful; firm, steady, jar,
mighty, xshi [-], to govern, rule, fratemem
[fratema], leader, head,highest,
foremost, uppermost, top, ahu [-], ahura [-],
lord (Avestan)
kaqqadu, head, qaqqadu,
head, head of an organnization, head tax, person, self,
leader, top, top part, beginning (of time
spans), original amount, principal, a stone,adû, gešṭû, igisṭû, massû,
ussangu,
leader,
ālik pani, leader, superior,
member of a class of workmen, ālik-panûtu,
maššûtu?, leadership,ašaridu,
leader, foremost,
first, lead (animal), high ranking,
vanguard, ašaridūtu,
leadership in battle, prowess, highest rank, ummānu,
in rab ummāni,
leader of troops, of a workforce, mu’irrūtu,
leadership, command,ālikūt
mahri, leadership of the army, šarrūtu,
to rule as king,šarru,
(when refering to foreigners,
often petty king, tribal
chief),(Akkadian)
kamandzir,
commander, лідэр,
lider, leader,
камандзір, галава, halava,
head, каралева,
karalieva,
queen, кароль, karoĺ,
king(Belarusian) zahadcyk,
commander,
pravadyr,
leader; halava,
head (Belarus) zapovjednik, commander, vođa,
leader, glava,
head, kraljica,
queen, kralj,
king
(Croatian) komandieris,
commander, līderis,
leader, galvu,
head, ķēniņš,
king
(Latvian) krolowa, queen,
król, king
(Polish) comandant,
commander,lider,
leader, cap, head, căpetenie,
chief, head, chieftan,
commander, regină, queen, rege, king
(Romanian) komentaja,
commander, pää,
head, johtaja, leader, kuningatar,
queen, kuningas,
king
(Finnish-Uralic)
kākmärtik, ruler, master,
kākmart[B
kamarto*] master, sovereign, kälā-,
lead, to bring,āk- āk-, lead,
drive, walo,
king {A/B] (Tocharian)
xñtawata-: A xñtawatã, L
xñtawata, G adj. L
xñtawatahi, kingship, , xñtawat(i)-: N/D xñtawati, AblI
xñtawatedi,
king (Lycian) xñtaba-:
3rd imper. xñtabatu,
to regulate, xñtaba-:
A xñtabã/xñtabu,
G adj. xñtabasi,
xñtawaza-:
N
xñtawaza (
(Mylian)
nana, to
lead (Luvian)
GAL, chief, great,SAG,#harmahi,
#naršam, head, trna,
head, skull, a small measure,tapariiae, tbarie/a,
to lead, to
decide,
to rule, to
reign, tbariali,
commander, lopani,
royal cap, saladr/salan, kingship, rulership,
greatness, (Hittite)
the head, leader, [OE Laeden]
source, director, commander,[OFr. comander],
captain, [<LLat.
capitaneus], regent,
[<Lat. regere,
to rule], queen
[<OE
cwen],
king
[<OE cyning]
2-24
priyaḥ,
beloved, ayi priye, o my beloved,
kānta, beautiful, cinta, thought,
consideration,
reflection, care or
sorrow about; anyacinta,
thought or care of some one else; caru, pleasant,
lovely, beautiful, dear, bahumūlyatā, costliness
tavajoh,
توجه
care, tavajjoh kardán, توجه کردن
to protect, watch, baby care, ma'šuq, معشوق
beloved, sweetheart,geron,
گران
costly (Persian)
იზრუნო, izruno, to
care for, ზრუნვა, zrunva,
care, ძვირფასო, dzvirp’aso,
dear, საყვარელი,
saqvareli,
beloved, ძვირადღირებული, dzviradghirebuli,
costly (Georgian)
parāsu,
to take care of a person or
situation, to wean, to cut off, to
distinguish, etc., paqādu,
to take care of a house, animals,
to assign persons, to inspect, to
count, etc.,
palāḫu,
to care for, to perform
service, to be terrible, to
respect, etc., idû,
to care for something or somebody, to be
aware, recognized, to neglect, etc.,maṣṣartu,
proper care for fields, animals, etc., watch,
serve palace, etc., ḫasāsu,
care for, to think of a person,
to listen, etc.,
kanûtu,
beloved, an epithet of goddesses,
honored, worshipped, kunnû,
adj., beloved, smoothed, honored (said
of deities), ḫišiḫtu,
beloved object, desirable, useful,
needed, mudādu,tarāmu, beloved one, namaddu, narāmtu,
beloved one,narāmu,
beloved one, favorite, he who loves,
free will, goodwill, etc., ḫašduk,
adj., beloved or the like, , tappātu,
beloved, rival, second-ranking wife,
corresponding object, etc. nasqu,
costly, choice, precious, sorted,
preeminent, etc., zunnu,
care,
taknītu, care, solicitude (Akkadian)
клапаціцца, klapacicca
ab, to care for; сыход, sychod,
care; даpari, darahi, dear, каханы, kachany,
beloved, затратна,
zatratna,
costly
(Belarusian)
абapieka, achova, care,
protection, kaho, to care for;
sanowny, adj.
dear (Belarus)
brinuti za, to care for, briga, care, draga, dear,
beloved, skup, costly (Croatian)
dbać o, to care for, opieka, care, drogi,
dear,
ukochany,
beloved kosztowny,
costly (Polish) rūpēties par, to care for,
aprūpe, care, mīļotā,
beloved,dārgs, costly
(Latvian)
a tine la ceva, to care for, îngrijire, care,
dragă, dear, iubit,
beloved, costisitor,
costly (Romanian)
pitää huolta, to care for, hoito, care, rakas,
dear, rakastettu, beloved, kallis, costly
(Finnish-Uralic)
να φροντίζει, na
frontízei, to care for, αγαπητός,
agapitos, dear,
beloved,δαπανηρός,
dapanirós,
costly, (Greek) հոգ
տանել, hog
tanel, to care for, ոգ, hog, care; սիրելի, sireli,
dear, սիրելի,
sireli,
beloved, թանկ արժե, t’ank arzhe,
costly (arzhe, "worth it,") (Armenian)
të kujdesesh për, to care for, kujdes, care; i
dashur,
dear, beloved,kushtueshëm,
costly
(Albanian)
zaindu,
to care for, arreta, care, maitea, dear,
beloved,garesti,
costly (Basque)
curo-are,
to care for, cure, rest;
carus-a-um,
high-priced, dear, costly; transf. dear,
beloved;
careo-ere-ui,
to be without, be absent from
chun aire a thabhairt, to care
for, daor,
dear, grámhar,
beloved, costasach,
costly (Irish)
gus cùram, to care
for, cùram, care, brònach,
dear, ghràdhaich,
beloved,costasach,
costly (Scott)
i ofalu amdano, to care for,
goful, care, annwyl,
dear, beloved, yn
gostus,
costly (Welsh)
prendersi cura
di, to care for, cura,
care, caro,
dear, amate-ti, beloved, costoso,
costly, (Italian)
s'occuper de, to care for, les soins, care, cher, dear,
costly (French)
માટે
કાળજી, Māṭē
kāḷajī, to care for, કાળજી, Kāḷajī, care, પ્રિય, Priya,
dear, beloved, મૂલ્યવાન, Mūlyavāna, costly
(Gujarati)
bakımı için,
to care for, bakim, care, sevgili,
dear, beloved, pahalı,
costly (Turkish)
қамқорлық
жасау, qamqorlıq
jasaw, to care for, қымбаттым,
сүйікті,
süyikti,
dear, beloved,қымбат, qımbat,
costly (Kazakh)
g'amxo'rlik
qilish,
to care for, sevikli,
dear, beloved, qimmat,
costly (Uzbek) ғамхорӣ
кардан, ƣamxorī
kardan, to care for, ғамхорӣ,
ƣamxorī, care, дӯстдошта, dūstdoşta,
beloved, гарон,
garon,
costly (Tajik)
кам
көрүү,
kamkörüü,
to care for, care, сүйүктүү,
süyüktüü, beloved, кымбат, kımbat, costly (Kyrgyz)
халамжлах, khalamjlakh, to care for, халамж, khalamj, care, хайрт, khairt, beloved, үнэтэй, ünetei, costly (Mongolian) 照顧, Zhàogù, to care for, 關心, Guānxīn, care, 心愛, Xīn'ài, beloved, 昂貴, Ángguì, costly (Traditional
Chinese)
āneñci,
carefully, distinctly, B lare/A
lyār, dear (Tocharian)
-anda, to take
care, lead, to bring?, to turn back,āppatiya-, look
after, arsiya-, to take care
of oneself, to eat well, ar-, to care
for, to walk, to stay,stand, asnu, to take
care of, snu,
to
take care of, be done with, to deliver,
assianu,
to care, make beloved, penna,
to take care of, build, to keep,
to keep, to
drive, to make trot, to move,parā
handāta, care, wisdom,wassa-, to be
dear, assiyant-
, dear, loved, friend, (Hittite)
to
care for; [<OE cearu]
to beabsent [<Lat. abense
(abesse) to be away] from,
dear, [OE dēore]
cherished, costly, [<Lat. constare,
to cost] 2-25
car, Script
Z582;
caro,(CARV),
Script K13
care,
Script PL-21
(See also Kare
below)
2-26
rakṣati, to
cherish, lālayati,
to cherish,
hvarenanghaca
[hvarenangh], favor, fortune or
divine grace, good things, ýânem [ýâna], favor, gift
(Avestan) gerâmi
dâstan,گرامی
داشتنto cherish
(Persian)
ვაფასებთ, vapasebt, to cherish
(Georgian)
песціць, piescić,
to cherish (Belarusian)
njegovati, to cherish (Croatian) cieszyć
się, to cherish (Polish) lolot,
to cherish, (Latvian) a pretui,
to cherish, (Romanian)
vaalia, to cherish (Finnish-Uralic)
να αγαπάς, na agapás, to cherish (Greek) փայփայել, p’ayp’ayel,
to cherish (Armenian)
mbaj gjallë, to cherish
(Albanian)
zaindu, to cherish (Basque)
carus-a-um,
adj. high priced, dear
Transf. dear, beloved;
caritas-atis,
dearness,
foveo-ere, fovi, fotum, to warm, keep
warm, to fondle, keep, to cherish, love
a chaomhnú, to cherish,
(Irish)
a dh 'ionnsuidh, to cherish (Scott)
i fwynhau, to cherish,
(Welsh) amare, to cherish, love
(Italian)
chérir,
to cherish, love dearly
(French)
વળગવું,
Vaḷagavuṁ, to
cherish (Gujarati)
beslemek,
to cherish (Turkish) қадірлеу, qadirlew, to
cherih (Kazakh)
qadrlash,
to cherish (Uzbek)
қадр кардан, qadr
kardan, to cherish (Tajik)
баалоо, baaloo, to
cherish (Kyrgyz) эрхэмлэх,
erkhemlekh, to cherish
(Mongolian)
珍
惜, Zhēnxī,
to cherish (Traditional Chinese)
asa-: 3rd asati, favor,
to love (Lycian)
sukre- (?): A sukrẽ,
DL sukri, favorable (Mylian) isarwaia,
favorable, isarwili(a),
favorable, on the right hand
(Luvian)
assula-,
favor, greeting, well-being, asuladr/asulan,
well-being,kanissuwar,
favor, goodwill, duddumar,
favor, mercy, lazziya-,
(SIG5), to be favorable,
to
get better, to be in better health, to set
straight, to rectify (Hittite)
flesh,
flesh, feoil,
meat corp, body,
corpse (Irish)
feòil,
flesh, meat, boghain,
body, cairbh,
carcase,
dead body, corpse (Scott) cnawd, flesh,
cig, meat, corff,
body, principal, corpse, chelain, corpse,
cadaver, corpws, corpus (Welsh)
carne, flesh,
meat, corpo, body,
corps, corpus (Italian)
chair,
flesh, viande, meat,
corps, body, corps,
corpde (French)
միս,
mis, flesh, meat,
શરીર, Śarīra,
body (Gujarati) et,
flesh, meat, vücut, body, flesh,
vücut, body
(Turkish) ет, et,
flesh, meat, дене, dene,
body (Kazakh)
karāt-,
body, inner body,
entrails, interior, prku(i)hastai,
meat, body part, pure cut of meat, mahrai/mohrai,
body parts of animals, sisai,
body parts of animals (paws, teeth?), sesa,
body part of a cow, prsna?,
body part, heel, near feet, tuekka-,
(NÍ.TE),
body, personally, parḫuwayaš
or mašḫuwayaš,
meat,
,
(creature) that is dried and eaten
(Hittite)
maêthananãmca [maêthana],
station, dwelling,
abode; nmâna [-],
house home, mansion; dâman,
creation, dwelling place; demânê [demâna],
house (Avestan) xâne, خانه
abode, home, house, domicile,
kušk
, کوشک
mansion, palace, castle, kolbe, hut,
cabin, ṭvylh, طویله,
barn, stable, crib, nebarkah, انبار کاه,
barn (Persian)
სახლი, sakhli,
house, სახლში, sakhlshi,
home, საცხოვრებელი ადგილი, sats’khovrebeli
adgili, domicile, ქოხი, k’okhi,
hut, ბეღელში,
beghelshi, shed, barn,
awning (Georgian)
kungu,
house, a word for house, dūru,
house enclosure, fortification
wall,
city wall, inner city wall, fortress, parts of
the human body, appannu,
durinnu, part of a house, kuṣṣu,
in bītkuṣṣi,
winter house, ālu,
in bitāli,
house in the city, arpani,
a type of house,mūšabu,
domicile, dwelling, seat, libburšu,
mūašbtu,
part of a house, maṣallu,
shepherd's reed hut or shelter
(Akkadian)
was.t-, ost,
oṣke,[B oskiye]
house,
kurekār, [B kwrakār],
house or pavilion with a vaulted roof
(Tocharian)
bira,
house (Lydian) parna,
house
(Luvian) prñna,
house, prñnawa,
mauseleum, grave house, tama-:
N tama,
A
tamã/tãmã, Apl. tamas,
house (Lycian)
pēr,
parn->, per/prn,
pir,parnant-,
É,house, (É-ir), house,salli É-ir, big house, palace,É,kipa-,
hut, parn-house, premises, per/prn/parn-, house, prnneze/i, house, household,
prnnezi(je),
household member,parnalli,
adj.,of
a house or
estate, parnawa,
to serve a house, parnassa,
at his house, annasnant-
, part of a house, hassa-
(GUNNI),
household,
#pam, pamant,
house, pama,
to home,kattant., to go
to someone's house, go
down (Hittite)
hut [<Fr.
hutte,
of Gmc. orig.], house
[<OE hüs], home, [<OE
hām] domicile [<L.domicilium-i]; barracks [<Catalan, barraca] abode,
barn [<OE bern],
building for storing produce and farm
animals, alley
See also,
10-60, house,
thomas or
domas (ΘVMAS) Script PD-2,
See
also,
8-37, room, hall,
sale,
Script AB-1
SaLE,
Script K13;
salo, (SALV)
Script L25
abhibhāṣate (bhāṣ), to
plead, defend, uttaraṁ dāpayati,
(dā>) to defend, argue,
kāraṇaṁ, cause: that which produces
effect
diz, didesti, dizati, -te {dedizyate}, produce a
witness, grant, bestow, show, prove yourself;
nimittatva, the being a cause, causality;
adimula, the first cause;
kisalay, -yati, to cause to sprout or
germinate. bravīt, brūte, to assert,
adimula, the first
cause;
sabab,
سبب
cause, lâbe kardan, لابه کردن
beseech, implore, plead, entreat, petition,
darxâst kardan, درخواست کردن to plead,
bahaâne kardan, چیزی را to
plead, angize,
انگیزه
cause, reason, etc., (Persian)
მიზეზები, mizezebi,
cause, როგორც მიზეზი, rogorts’
mizezi, to give as a reason, გამოიწვიოს,
gamoitsvios, cause,
აღიარებ, aghiareb,
plead, პრეტენზია, p’ret’enzia,
pretend, (Georgian)
ḫanû,
to plead, dabābu, to
plead, negotiate, litigate, recite, to
spare, to come to an agreement,
perform a kind act, etc., idu,
reason, excuse, objection, pakku,
reason, wits, sense (Akkadian)
прычыны, pryčyny,
cause, даць у якасці
прычыныprycyna, dać u
jakasci pryčyny,
to give as a reason, прыкідвацца, prykidvacca,
pretend,маліць, malić,
plead, прыкідвацца, prykidvacca,
pretend, сцвярджаць, scviardžać, assert
(Belarusian) uzroki,
cause, dati kao razlog, to
give as a reason, zastupati, plead, pretvarati
se, pretend, tvrditi,
assert, (Croatian)
reason; razvazlivy,
adj. reasonable; rozum, reason,
intellect, mind
(Belarus) przyczyna,
cause, podać
jako powód, to give as a
reason,udawać,
to pretend, błagać, to plead, zapewniać,
assert (Polish) cēloņi,
cause, izlikties, pretend, aizstāvēt,
assert (Latvian) cauză, cause, pentru
a da ca un motiv, to give as a reason, invoca,
plead, pretinde,
pretend, (Romanian)
syyt, cause, antaa
syyksi, to give as a reason, anoa, plead,
teeskennellä, plead, teeskennellä,
pretend, puolustaa, assert (Finnish-Uralic)
αιτία, aitía,
cause, να δώσει ως λόγο, na dósei os
lógo, to give as a reason, συνηγορώ, synigoró, plead,
προσποιούμαι, prospoioúmai,
pretend, διεκδικήσει,
diekdikísei,
assert (Greek)
պատճառը,
patcharry, cause, որպես
պատճառ, vorpes
patcharr, to give as a reason, խնդրեք, khndrek’,
plead, ձեւացնել, dzevats’nel,
plead, հավակնել, havaknel,
pretend, հաստատել, hastatel, assert (Armenian)
eragin, to cause, affect, inflict, alegatu,, to
plead, itxurak egin, to pretend,
aldarrikatu, assert
( (Basque)
causor-ari,
to give as a reason, plead, pretend
causa-ae, a cause, praetendo-tendere -tendi-tentum, to
pretend
cúis,
cause, a
chur faoi deara, to cause, a
thabhairt mar chúis,
to give as a reason, ligean, pretend, dearbhú,
assert
(Irish) dhbharan,
cause, cuir a-mach, pretend,
dearbhte,
assert
(Scots-Gaelic) achos-ion
cause, dadlau,
to
plead, pledio,
to plead, argue, haeru, to affirm, assert, pretend
(Welsh) causa,
cause, pretendere, to pretend, asserire,
assert,
pretend, dare come ragione,
to give as a reason, pretendere,
addurre,
difendere, perorare, plead (Italian) cause, cause,
donner comme
raison, to give as a reason, plaider,
alléguer, plead prétendre,
pretend, assert (French)
કારણ, Kāraṇa, cause, ડોળ કરવો, Dalīla
karavī, to plead, દલીલ
કરવી, Ḍōḷa karavō,
pretend, posture, દાવો,
Dāvō,
assert (Gujarati) sebep
olmak, cause, bahane etmek, pretend,
plead, yalvarmak,
to plead, ileri sürmek,
assert, affirm (Turkish) себеп, sebep,
cause, reason, түр көрсету,
tür körsetw,
pretend, өтіну,
ötinw,
to plead,
сендіру, sendirw,
assert, attest (Kazakh) sabab, cause, da'vo
qilmoq, pretend, iltimos qilmoq,
to plead,tasdiqlash,
assert (Uzbek) сабаб, saʙaʙ,
cause, даъвогар шудан, da'vogar
şudan, pretend, to sue, даъво
кардан, da'vo
kardan, to plead, тасдиқ
кардан, tasdiqkardan, to
assert (Tajik) себеп, sebep,
cause, түр
көрсөтүү, türkörsötüü,
pretend, жалынуу,
ырастоо,
jalınuu,
to plead, ırastoo,
assert (Kyrgyz) шалтгаан, shaltgaan, cause,
дүр узүүлэх, dür uzüülekh,
pretend, гуйх, guikh, to
plead,батлах, batlakh,
assert (Mongolian) 原因,
cause, reason, 假充 Jiǎchōng,
pretend, pose, 懇求, Kěnqiú, to plead, 斷言, Duànyán, assert, affirm
(Traditional
Chinese)
etu, cause, A.
Yark, [B. Yarke], worship.
(Tocharian) rkuae,
to plead, pray, wewakk->,
uewakk,
todemand, wēk-,
wekk->,
wewak,
to demand, ask, wek-,
(IR), to demand, ask, to
wish, to claim, kappuwāi-, reason,
to provide with, to
predict, to visit, to control, to examine,
to pay,memiya(n)-,
reason, word,
story, speech, chattering,
business, motive, relation,
opinion, uttar,
(INIM), reason, story,
business, chattering, , word, speech, motive,
legal matter, huinu-,
to cause(Hittite)
to give as a reason, pretend,
plead [<OFr. plaider]
cause [<L. causa, reason],
utter,
to pronounce, speak, [<MDu.ūteron],
allege,
[<Lat. allegare,
to dispatch], assert,
[<Lat. asserere]
aidhyañtâi
[jad], to ask, pray, demand,
isa,
to seek, look for (Avestan) jostoju kardan, جستجو کردن
to research, seek, fish, rasidegi kardan,
رسیدگی کردن to
inquire, investigate, porsidan,پرسیدن
to ask, inquire, interrogate to inquire,
rabt
dâdan,
ارتباط
دادن to relate,
connect, link (Persian)
ეძებენ, edzeben, to
seek for, ითხოვენ, it’khoven,
to ask for, დაუსვამს, dausvams, inquire, ეძებენ,
edzeben, to seek for (Georgian)
šar-,
to wish, demand, -ašk,
to ask (Hurrian)
erišūtu,
request, erēšu,
to request, desire, to be desired,
crave, to ask, to be required, qabû, to ask, object, recite,
pronounce, to
speak, take an oath, etc. (Akkadian)
шукаць, šukać, to seek
for, прасіць, prasić, to
ask for, пытацца, pytacca,
inquire,
(Belarusian)
sukac,
to look for,
seek; daviedvacca, inquire, pytacca,
to ask; raicca,
consult, ask, tražiti, to seek for
(Belarus)
tražiti, to seek for, pitati
za, to ask for, raspitati
se, inquire (Croatian)
szukać,
to seek, zapytać,
to ask, dowiadywać się,
inquire (Polish)
meklēt, to seek for, lūgt, to
ask for, noskaidrot, inquire,
(Latvian)
să caute,
to seek for, pentru a cere, to ask
for, întreba, inquire, RĂCNI,
to speak
loudly, to
roar
(Romanian) pyytää,
to ask for, tiedustella, inquire, etsiä,
to seek for
(Finnish-Uralic)
να αναζητήσουνzito, na
anazitísoun, to seek for, να ζητήσει, na zitísei, to
ask for, ρωτώ, rotó,
inquire anazito, seek;
zito, ερωτώ, eroto,
to question, ask, inquire, παρακαλώ, parakalo,
to beg, pray, ask (Greek)
որոնելու համար, voronelu
hamar, to seek for, հարցնել, harts’nel,
to ask for, հարցրեք, harts’rek, inquire, որոնելու
համար, voronelu
hamar, to seek for
(Armenian) lus, pyes, to ask,
question, inquire, kërkoj,
to ask, request, seek, për të kërkuar, to
seek for (Albanian)
ila, bilatu, to seek, galdetu, to ask, eske, to
petition, eskatu,
to ask for (Basque)
quaeso-ere, to seek for, ask for, inquire, quaeso,
I beg
a lorg, to seek for, a iarraidh, to
ask for, fiosraigh, inquire (Irish)
a dh 'iarraidh,
to seek for, ask for, a ràdh,
to say, faighneachd,
inquire (Scott)
ceisio, to ask, seek,
try, fetch, procure; i
geisio amdano, to seek for, i ofyn am,
to ask for, holwch, inquire
erchi (arch-, eirch),
to ask, pray, command, enjoin; gofyn, to ask,
request, inquire, demand, require; holi, to
examine, inquire, ask, question, query, i siarad, to speak, talk, areithio, to speak,
make a speech, harangue (Welsh)
cercare
(checare),
to seek for, chiedere, to ask for, chiedere
informazioni, inquire, domandare,
inquire; invitare, to ask, inquire after, raccontare, ricontare, to tell
(Italian)
chercher, to seek
for; demander, to ask for, inviter, soliciter,
poser, to ask; s'enquérir,
demander, to inquire, renseigner, inquire, raconter,
to relate, narrate, tell, recount
(French)
શોધવું,
Śōdhavuṁ,
to seek, પૂછો, Pūchō, to ask,
પૂછપરછ કરવી, Pūchaparacha karavī,
to inquire (Gujarati)
aramak, to seek, sormak,
to ask, inquire (Turkish)
іздеу, izdew,
to seek, сұрау, suraw,
to ask, inquire (Kazakh)
qidirmoq,
ti seek, so'rash,
to ask,
inquire, surishtirmoq,
to inquire
(Uzbek)
ҷустуҷӯ
кардан, çustuçū kardan, to seek, пурсидан, pursidan,
to ask,
inquire
(Tajik)
издөө,izdöö,
to seek, суроо, suroo,
to ask, сураш үчүн, suraş
üçün, to
inquire
(Kyrgyz)
хайх,
khaikh, to seek,
асуух, asuukh,
to ask, лавлах, lavlakh, to inquire (Mongolian)
尋求, Xúnqiú,
to seek, 問, Wèn, to ask, 詢問, Xúnwèn, to inquire (Traditional
Chinese)
rake,
reki, to speak (Tocharian)
#mald,
#arija,
punuss,
to ask,
pnus,
to ask a question, consult, investigate,
punus-, to
ask, examine, EGIR-pa punus-,
toask again,eshar sanh-,
to ask for someone's blood, to demandvengeance
for someone's death, to ask for,
to want, to try, to search,uesk,
to implore, wēk-, wekk->,
wewak,wewakk->,uewakk,to
demand, ask, wek-, to wish, to
desire, wek-,(IR),
to ask, to demand, to wish, to claim,waluske/a,
to ask of a diety, watarnah-,
ask, to
inform, to lead, to command, to
inculcate, to entrust, to order, piransarā
ep-, to ask an oracle?, apan, to
seek, look for, investigate, attempt, sa(n)h,
sa(n)h,
to look after, to clean, sweep clean
(Hittite)
to seek [<OE secan] for, ask, [<OE
ascian]
for, inquire, [< Lat. inquirere],
request,
recount [<OFr.
reconter],
search,
[<Lat. circare, to go
around],
See also,
6-137, to petition,
pet,
Script TC260 pet na,
or PETNA
Script Z1227 (Note: the "na" "ne" suffix is
given to the names of people; i.e. RASNA,
RASNE RASNES - name Etruscans called
themselves) petes,
Script XK-5
pradeza, direction,
destination; place,
spot, region; appealing, to a precedent;
instance, example, niveśaḥ,
situation
shoql, شغل
situation, business, employ, avocation, lahze, لحظه
instance, moment, case, blink of an eye,
vẕ‘yt,
وضعیت
situation (Persian)
kum-di,
tower, *ard,
town, amahhu,
city wall (Hurrian)
dunnu,
fort, fortified house and area, severity,
strength (physical), power, force, violence,
foundation, depth, firm ground, bedrock, lump,
dannatu,
fortress, fortified place, ground, terrain,
famine, hard times, cold weather, etc., *uṣurtu,
fortification,
ḫilṣu, a
type of fortification, dannu,
fortified, binding, fierce, difficult,
dangerous, mighty, great, etc.,
ḫeja,
fortified building or watchtower, kādu,
fortified outpost, fee payable by owners of date groves for
guard service, ḫalṣu,
fortress, fortification,
district, nāmaru, tower,dimtu,
siege tower, fortified area, asītu,
tower on city wall,ziqqurratu, temple
tower, mountain peak,kirḫu,
fortified area within a
city, enclosure wall of a
sanctuary, circumvallation,
citadel(Akkadian)
gotorlekua, fort, dorre,
tower, gaztelu,
castle, herri, hiri, city, town (Basque)
castelum-i,
a castle, fortress,
fort, shelter, refuge;
fortis-e, physically
strong, powerful,
robust; morally brave, courageous;
pilus-i,
a division
of the triari in the Roman army; pilum-i, the heavy
spear of the Roman army; turrim, tower,
castra-orum, camp,
days' march, army life
pērunu-> hill
fort, kurta,
town, kurtali,
city dweller, hapiria/hapira,
hapiriant, town, place of trade, happiriya-
(URU), town, sahesr/sahesn,
fortification, sahesnae,
to fortify, stronghold, #lami,
to fortify, strengthen, wetenu-,
to have something fortified (Hittite)
fort [<L.
fortis,
strong], tower, [<Gk. tursis] fort, castle [<L.
castellum],
burg [<OE]
kukku
raśāvaḥ, -kaḥ, kukkura--śiśuḥ, puppy, kukkura,
dog, shvanna,
dog
sûnahe,
dog (Avestan) sag, سگ dog, tulh sag, توله سگ
puppy, bačče,
بچه
babe, chick, puppy, youngling (Persian)
ახალგაზრდა ცხოველი, akhalgazrda
ts’khoveli, young animal, ლეკვი, lekvi, puppy, ძაღლი, dzaghli,
dog (Georgian)
kalbāniš,
like a dog, mīrānu,
young dog, puppy, cub of a wild
animal, kalbu,
in ša kalbē, hunting dogs keeper (Akkadian)
маладое жывёла, maladoježyviola, young
animal, шчанюк, ščaniuk,
puppy, сабака, sabaka,
dog (Belarusian) sabaka,
dog (Belarus)
pas,
dog (Serbo
Croatian) mladaživotinja,
young animal, štene, puppy, pas, dog
(Croatian) młode
zwierzę, young animal,szczeniak, puppy,pies,
dog (Polish)
sunis, dog
(Baltic-Sudovian) jaunais
dzīvnieks, young animal, kucēns,
puppy, suns,
dog (Latvian)
animalul
tânăr, young animal, cățeluș, puppy, câine, dog
(Romanian) koira,
dog (Finnish-Uralic)
νεαρό ζώο, nearó
zóo, young animal, κουτάβι, koutávi,
puppy, σκύλος, skýlos,
dog (Greek)
երիտասարդ կենդանիներ, yeritasard
kendaniner, young animal, լակոտ, lakot, puppy, շուն, shun,
dog (Armenian)
kafshë të re, young animal, kone,
puppy, qen,
dog
(Albanian)
animalia
gaztea, young animal, txakur,
dog (Basque)
catulus-i and
catella-ae, a young animal,
esp. a whelp, a puppy, pueranimalis, young
animal, catillus-i, a small dish or
plate canis, dog
ainmhí óg,
young animal, madra, dog (Irish)
beathach òg, young animal,
cuilean, puppy, cù, dog
(Scott)
anifail ifanc,
young animal, cibach, puppy,
ci, dog
(Welsh) giovane animale, young animal, cucciolo,
puppy, cane,
dog (Italian) jeune animal, young animal, chiot, puppy, chien, dog
(French)
patalha(i),
to
fetter, patalhiaman?,
fettering (Luvian)
patalhae,
patallie/a, to fetter, pdalie/a,
fetter, to tie the legs, pdlhae,
fetter of chain
tied around a prisoner’s foot, masdu-,
chain, rope, shackles, (Hittite)
chain [<Lat.
catena], link, [<ME linke, of Scand.
origin] fetter,
[<OE feter],
a series; binding
([<OE bindan,
to bind] cinch (a
saddle) [<L. cingula-ae,
girdle]
2-38
CATeNE, Script
Z1386
CATeNIS,
Script Z1326
janasammarda, throng
of people, crowd, janarnava,
crowd (lit. sea) of men, caravan,
saṅgha, group, ḥsamgha band,
company, crowd, catur,
four
vãthwa [vãthwâ], flock, herd, multitude
(of men), (group), increase, cathru, cathware,
four (Avestan)
jamiyyat, جمعیت
crowd, goruh, گروه
assembly, group, crowd, corps. horde, etc., chahâr, چهار,
four (Persian)
ჯგუფი, jgup’i,
group, ერია, eria,
crowd,ოთხი,
otkhi,
four (Georgian)
tumn(i),
four (Urartian) tumni,
tumu(n)-,
four (Hurrian)
puḫurtu,
crowd, throng,
puḫru,
group,
council,
assembly, all,
totality,
army,
contingent,
collegium,dakāku,
to crowd about, to romp, ḫamištu,
a group of five persons, šāquil ṭāti,
a group of influential persons,aršammaja,
a group or organization (foreign word), ṣābu, a group of people, contingent
of
workers, troop of soldiers, army,
people, population, nakkuššu
(Hurrian word), a group of
persons,
mitḫāriš, in a group, all over, at every
occasion, etc.,gâ’,
game of workmen, qurubtu,
group of
officials, kinattūtu,
group of social
equals, etc., šaluštu, group, team of three, erbe,
four
(Akkadian)
натоўп, natoŭp,
crowd, група, hrupa, group, чатыры, čatyry, four
(Belarusian)
natawp, natowp, crowd (Belarus)
skupina, group, gužva, crowd, četiri,
four (Croatian) tłum,
crowd, grupa,
group, cztery,
four (Polish) pūlis,
crowd, grupa,
group, četri,
four (Latvian)
mulţimea, crowd, grup, group, patru, four; patra, fourth
(Romanian)
väkijoukko, crowd, ryhmä, group, neljä, four
(Finnish-Uralic)
πλήθος, plíthos,
crowd, ομάδα, omáda,
group, πολίς, polis, city,
τέσσερα, téssera,
four (Greek)
ամբոխին, ambokhin,
crowd, խումբը, khumby,
group, չորսը, ch’vorsy,
four (Armenian)
turmë, crowd, grup, group, katër,
four, (Albanian)
jendetza,
crowd, talde, team, group, lau, four
(Basque)
caterva-ae, group
cautor-oris, one who is on his , guard;
possibly, castrum-i,
castle, fort, fortress;
quattuor, four, quartus-a-um, adj., fourth
slua,
crowd, grúpa,
group, ceathrar,
four (Irish) sluagh,
crowd, buidheann, group, ceithir,
four (Scott) crwth, crowd, fiddle,
purring, hump; torf -eydd, -oedd, crowd,
multitude, twr, tyrrau, heap, crowd, group;
tyrfa-oedd, crowd, multitude, pedwar, four (Welsh)
caterva, crowd, gruppo, group, quattro, four (Italian)
foule, crowd, groupe,
group,
quatre, four (French)
ભીડ,
Bhīḍa,
crowd, જૂથ, Jūtha, group, ચાર, Cāra,
four (Gujarati)
kalabalık, crowd,
horde, grup,
group, dört,
four (Turkish) қаптай, qaptay, crowd,
тобыр, tobir, crowd, топ, top,
group, crowd, төрт,
tört, four (Kazakh)
olomon, crowd,
mob, guruh,
group, to'rt,
four (Uzbek)
издиҳом,
izdihom,
crowd, гурӯҳ,
gurūh, group, чор, cor,
four (Tajik) эл, el,
crowd, топ, top,
group, төрт, tört,
four
(Kyrgyz)
krop[B krewpe, kraupe],
crowd, heap, herd, flock, okrop
(adv.), in a crowd, çtwar, four,
cāturdiś (adv.),
towards the four regions (Tocharian)
mupmm,
fourfold (Lycian) mawa,
four, miwa,
adj., four, mawala/i, four
span?
(Luvian) kalutiie/a,
group, to treat as a group, pangar(i?)-,
crowd, mass, westra,
herd, meyawes,
me(i)u,
meiau,
four, mawalasa/i,
four hitched together, mawani(a),
four, to hitch as a four
span,, miwaniant,
muaniant,
fours,
teams/groups
of fours?(Hittite)
catra – four?,
[<OE feower],
a crowd
[<OE crüdan, to
hasten], group
[< Ital.
gruppo; of Gmc. orig.]
htiyât, احتیاط
to take caution, tyz,تیز
sharp, pâk kardan, to
pick, tabar, تبر
ax, king
(Persian)
სიფრთხილით, sip’rt’khilit’,
caution, ბასრი,
basri,
sharp, ნაჯახი, najakhi,
axe, hatchet
(Georgian) naṣāru,
to guard, to do guard duty, to take
care of, to obey commands, to respect, to
be on the alert, to be on guard etc., nāṣiru,
adj., protecting, guard, Šēlu, sharp, sharp-edged, ḫaṣṣinnu, axe,agû,
an axe š(Akkadian)
nahhant-,
cautious, nah-,
to be cautious, afraid, to fear, to be
respectful, tuhhus->,
tuhs,
tuhus,
tuhsanna/tuhsanni, cut off,
separate, to be cut off, separated, tuhsant-,
cut, shortened, tuhs-,
cut, to separate a girl from her lover,
atis,
axe, tbar, to rule, govern,tbaraman,
adj., ruling, governing, tbaramahit,
position of ruling,tbariala/i,
governor, tbariala,
to be governor (Luvian) tapariie/a,
#tapariála,
tapariálato,
rule, tapar-,
to govern, reign,
tbaria,
ruling order,rule, (Hittite)
a rough, sharp
rock; caution, [< cavere, tot ake care],
care; to be on one's guard, prudent,
[<Lat. prudens], sharp,
[<OE. scearp],
ax
[< OE æx]
2-40
cautas (cavϴas),
Script M38
Possibly, cavthas,
codas, L. cauda, coda, the tail of an animal,
caudex, codex, trunk of a tree, book made of
wooden tablets, AIS,
Z525, Z263, Z432, Z614, Z681,
Z887, Z1080, Z1274, Z1410, Z1591, Z1864, XQ-4,
J41-12,
SILAC, Au56,
SILCI, B-25, TC273,
TC283, BT-1, Z-1
nas
(enclitic), us
mârâ, mâ,
ما us
(Persian)
ჩვენთვის, ch’vent’vis,
to us, ჩვენ,
ch’ven, us
(Georgian)
nâti, us,
nâšni,
Dat., to us, nâši,
Dat, to us, for us (Akkadian)
нам, nam,
to us, us (Belarusian) nama, to us,
nas,us (Croatian) do nas, to
us,nam, nas, us,
(Polish) mums,
to us, us (Latvian)
pentru noi, to us,
ne, us,
ourselves (Romanian)
meille, to us, us (Finnish-Uralic)
σε εμάς, se emás,
to us, mas, us (Greek)
մեզ, mez,
to us (Armenian) ne,na, neve, us, për ne, to us (Albanian)
guri, to us, gu, us (Basque)
nos, us, nobis, to us
dúinn, to us,
linn, muid, us (Irish) dhuinn,
to us,us (Scott)
i
ni, to us, ni, us, we (Welsh) ce,
a noi, pron. to
us, noi, us
(Italian)
à nous, to us, nous, us,
(French)
અમારા માટે, Amārā māṭē, to us, અમને, Amanē, us
(Gujarati) bize,
to us, us (Turkish)
бізге, bizge,
to us, biz,
us (Kazakh)
bizga,
to us, biz, us (Uzbek)
ба
мо, ʙa mo,
to us, мо,
mo, us (Tajik)
бизге,
bizge,
to us, биз, biz,
us (Kyrgyz)
бидэнд, bidend,
to us, бид,
bid,
us (Mongolian)
對我們, Duì wǒmen, to us, 我們, Wǒmen, ws (Traditional Chinese)
-(ä)m
(pron.), us, you, them
(Tocharian)
antsa/ants,
us, we, nts, us
(Luvian)
-nnas,–nas (Dat.
Acc., Loc.), us, wes/nts,
us, anzās
(Acc./Dat. of wēs "we"), to
us, (Hittite)
ācarati (car),
that ced,
conj. = {ca +
ied) and, also, even (w. prec. {api}), when, if
(often prec. by {iti} = if thus, in this case).
{atha ced} but if {na ced
(cenna}) or {no ced} if not, else. Rarely {yadi
ced = ced} alone.
ýathra [-](adv.)
where (Avestan) cerâ, cegune,
(قدیمی)
چگونه whereby, kojâ کجا
where, ke, که conj., that
(Persian)
რომ, rom, that, სადაც, sadats’, where, სად, sad,
where (Georgian)
adi,
gadu, qadu, ḫadu, ad,
as far as, up till, up to,agâ,
aga’a, agaja,
aga’i,
annû,
that, this, allû,
that, the other, those,
ammiu, ammītu
(f.), that, the other
(Akkadian)
дзе, dzie,
where, з дапамогай чаго, z dapamohaj čaho, whereby,
што, što, that
(Belarusian) dzie, pron.
where at; kudy,
pron. where to, skul, pron. where from heta, pron. it,
that; hety,
pron., = toj, this, that (Belarus) gdje, where,
čime, whereby, da,
that (Croatian) gdzie, where,
w wyniku czego,
whereby, że,
that (Polish) kur, where, ar
kuru, whereby, ka,
that (Latvian) unde, where, prin
care, whereby,
acea, that, acest, this (Romanian)
missä, where, jonka mukaan, whereby, että, that
(Finnish-Uralic)
που, pou,
where, διά του οποίου, diá tou
opoíou, whereby, ότι,
óti, that (Greek) որտեղ,
vortegh, where, ըստ որի, yst vori, whereby, որ, vor, that
(Armenian) ku,
where, përmes së cilës, adv. whereby, që, that
(Albanian)
non,
where, horren
bidez, whereby, garren,
that (Basque)
qua, adv. where, which way,
whereby, as far as, qui, adv, how?, with, which,
whereby, somehow, indeed,
qui, quae, quod, What?,
which?, who, which, that, what and this.
i gcás ina,
where, trína, whereby, sin,
that (Irish) càite, where, far
am bi, whereby, sin,
that (Scott)
lle, where, lle y mae,
whereby, hynny, that; (Welsh) dove,
where, per
cui,
whereby, qua, adv.
here; chi,
who, quella,
that, (Italian)
où, where, par lequel, whereby,cette,
that, que, that, as, then, only,
but, rel. pron. whom, that,
which, what, qui,
who, whom, that, which (French)
ક્યાં, Kyāṁ,
where, જેના
દ્વારા, Jēnā
dvārā, whereby, કે, Kē,
that
(Gujarati)
nerede, where, vasıtasıyla,
whereby, o,
that (Turkish)
қайда,
qayda,
where, осылайша, osılayşa,
whereby, бұл, bul,
that (Kazakh)
qayerda,
where, nima uchun,
whereby, ...vositasida,
whereby,
through, bu, that (Uzbek)
дар куҷо, dar kuço,
where, ба воситаи, ʙa vositai,
whereby, ки, ki,
that (Tajik)
хаана, khaana, where, үүгээр, üügeer, whereby, тэр, ter, that (Mongolian)
ḫaršu, food,
probably a
fruit, uklu,
food,ukullû, food, fodder,measure
of decrease,aṣūdu,
food,
liquid served
in a dish, aiwa,
food
made from
emmer,kiništu,
food
offerings,
class of
priests
(concerned
with the
preparation of
food
offerings), oflow status, isinnu, food
portion,
secular
festival,
religious
festival, iptennu, kurummu?,kušātu?, ti’itu,
food, naptanu,
food,
allotment,
meal, banquet,
time of the
evening meal,
evening, nebrītu,
food, fodder,
pasture, giddê,
ḫulūṭu, ḫunzu, kišarānu,
kizu, a
foodstuff, nēperētu, food ration, šūkultu,
food, fodder,
banquet, putannatu,
food,
provisions?, nēperētu, food rations,*lû,
food platter
or dish or the
food it
contains
(Akkadian)
што
заўгодна, što
zaŭhodna, whatever,
дзе
заўгодна, dzie
zaŭhodna, wherever, некаторыя, niekatoryja
some, хтосьці, chtości, someone,
любы, liuby, any
(Belarusian) sto, pron. what
chtos, chtosci,
pron. someone,
somebody; niekatory, pron.
some; niekalki,
adv. several, some, few (Belarus)
štogod, whatever, gdje god,
wherever, neki,
some, bilo koji, any (Croatian) cokolwiek,
whatever,gdziekolwiek,wherever,
Niektóre,
some, każdy, any (Polish)
neatkarīgi no tā, whatever, kur vien, wherever,
daži, some, jebkurš,
any, whichever
(Latvian)
indiferent de, whatever, oriunde, wherever,
unele, some, orice, any
(Romanian) mikä
tahansa, whatever, minne tahansa, wherever,
jotkut, some, kaikki,
any (Finnish-Uralic)
ανεξαρτήτως, anexartítos,
whatever, οπουδήποτε, opoudípote,
wherever, μερικοί, merikoi, some, όποιος,
ópoios,
any (Greek)
ինչ էլ, inch’ el,
whatever, ուր էլ որ, ur el vor,
wherever, մի քանի, mi k’ani,
some, որեւէ, voreve, any, մեկը,meky,
someone (Armenian)
cfarëdo, whatever, kudo që, wherever,
cilido, adj. whatever; disa, some, ndonjë, any
(Albanian)
edozein
dela ere, whatever, edonon, wherever,
batzuk, some, edozein, any (Basque)batzuk
quacumque [-cunque],
wherever, by
whatever way, quisquis,
quaequae, quodquod, quidquid, and quicquid, pron.
whoever, whatever, all,
is
cuma cad, whatever, cibé
áit, wherever,
cuid
acu, some, aon, any (Irish)
ge bith dè, whatever, ge
bith càite,
wherever, cuid,
some, sam bith, any
(Scott) Beth
bynnag, whatever, ble
bynnag, wherever
rhai, some, unrhyw, any(Welsh)
checche,
whatever,
dovunque,
wherever, qualque,
some, alcune-i, some,qualunque,
any
(Italian)
peu importe, whatever, partout où,
wherever, quelque, some, a few,
quelconque, any, some,
mundane (French)
ka,
kahe,
who
(Avestan)
ke,
کی
who, kodâm, کدام any,
which, če,
چه any, as, which, whether, that, kamy,
کمی
some (Persian)
ვინ, vin, who, რა, ra, what,
ნებისმიერი, nebismieri,
any, ზოგიერთი, zogiert’i,
some
(Georgian)
ja’umma, any, gabbu,
any, all, every,
entirety, ajû,
jû,
ajītu,
who, which, what, šumu,
pron. and conj., any, because of, name,
offspring, etc.(Akkadian)
хто, chto, who, што,
što, what, любой, liuboj,
any, некаторыя,
niekatoryja,
some,
(Belarusian) niekatory,
pron.
some; niekalki,
adv. several, some,
few (Belarus) tko,
who, što,
what, bilo koji, any, neki,
some, (Croatian)
każdy,
any, Niektóre,
some (Polish)
jebkura, any, daži,
some, kurš,
who, kas,
which, what, ka,
that (Latvian)
orice, any, niste,
some, care, who,
ce, what, cei, acestea, those, acea, că, that
(Romanian) mitään, any,
anything, jonkin verran, some, kuka, who,
joka, which, mitä, what, että, that
(Finnish-Uralic)
ο οποίοςo opoios, who, any, τι, ti, what,
οι οποίες, oi opoíes, any,
which, μερικοί,
merikoi, some, pou, which,
ekeinos, oti, oste,that (Greek)
ով, ov, who, ինչ, inch’, what,
որը, vory, which, ցանկացած,
ts’ankats’ats,
any, մի քանի, mi k’ani, some,
(Armenian)
që, that; cfarë,
what, kush, who, ndonjë,
any, disa,
some (Albanian)
edozein, any, baten bat, adj., any, batzuk,
some, hori, that, (Basque)
quae, any, some, aliquit, adj.,
some, ullus, adj., ecqui-ae-od,
interrog., any, ecquis-id,
pron. interrog.,
anyone, anything
qui, who, that, which
aon,
any, all, cuid, some, a,
who, which, Cad,
what, (Irish) cò,
who, dè, which, what,sam
bith,
any, cuid,
some, (Scott) unrhyw, any,
rhai, some, pwy,
sawl, a, who;
pa,
a, which; a, hwnnw (honno),
that; hwn (hon), this; beth, pa, what,(Welsh) qualunce, any, alcuni,
some, qualche,
some, chi,
who, quella-o, that (Italian)
quelque,
aucun,
tout, any, quelques-uns,
quelques-unes,
some, quelle,
what, lequel, which,
qui,
who, which, that, whom,
certains, some, cette,
ce,
adj., that, que,
qui,
who, which, that, whom
(French)
કોઈપણ, Kō'īpaṇa,
any, ચોડા, Cōḍā,
some, few (Gujarati)
herhangi,
any, whichever, biraz, some (Turkish)
кез келген,
kez
kelgen, any,
кей-бір, key-bir,
some (Kazakh)
har qanday,
any, biroz, some (Uzbek) ягон, jagon, any, баъзе, ʙa'ze,
some, камӣ,
kami,
some
(Tajik)
кандайдыр бир, kandaydırbir,
any,
кээ бир, keebir,
some (Kyrgyz)
任
何, Rènhé,
any, whichever, 一些, Yīxiē, some (Traditional
Chinese)
ti+se,any (one), some,
anyone (Lycian)
kuis, who,kuisa,
whoever,kuiesqa,
some, kuisk-> any, some one thing, kuis-ha,
any, some (Hittite)
any,
[<OE aenig],
some
[<OE, sum,
a certain one]; relat. who, [<OE hwa], which,
what, that
2-45
cei, Script
Q65, K119, TC290
kutah, kasmāt,
because (why), iti,
hi, because
zî,
for, indeed, because (Avestan)
zirâ, زیرا
, because, conj., chun, چون, conj.,
because, as, whereas, for as
much, bah, katar, به خاطر,
because of (Persian)
რადგან, radgan,
because, ხოლო,
kholo,
but, whereas
(Georgian)
nēmel, nirit?,
conj., because, kīmū,
conj., because, according to, instead
of,kīma,
because, as, according to, as soon as, when, in
the the manner
of, that, whether, on account of, if, in
case, so that, kūm,
conj., because, otherwise, aššum,
because of, concerning,
on
behalf of, on account of, with respect to,
related to, appiš,
because of the fact, since, qadu, because,
since, šūt, because of, concerning,
royal (Akkadian)
таму што, tamu što, because, тады як, tady jak, whereas
(Belarusian)
jer, because,
because of, for, dok, whereas (Croatian) bo,
conj. because,
for; dziela, pron.
because of, for; z-za,
pron. because of (Belarus) bo, conj.,
because, since, for, seeing that, ponieważ,
because, since, for, tymczasem, whereas,
meanwhile (Polish) jo, conj.,
because, as, for, tā
kā, as, since, because,
whereas (Latvian) deoarece, conj., for, as,
since, because, că,
because, that, if, by way of, întrucât,
whereas, as, because, since, for
(Romanian) koska,
because, as, inasmuch, since, kun taas, whereas,
while, whilst (Finnish-Uralic)
επειδή, epeidi,
because, since, as, whereas, γιατί,
giati, adv., why, διότι,
dioti, because, for (Greek)
որովհետեւ, vorovhetev,
because, for, whereas (Armenian) sepse, because, just because, so long as,
nga që, because, kurse, whereas
(Albanian)
delako, because, zeren...bait, conj., because
(Basque)
quia, because
mar,
because,de bhrí,
whereasde
bhrí
(Irish) oir,
because, ach,
whereas (Scott) oherwydd,
because, tra, whereas
(Welsh) perché, because, mentre,
whereas, whilst, when (Italian)
parce que, because, for, car,
because, tandis
que, whereas, as, whilst, while
(French)
kwisra/i, kwistsa, kuman,
because (Luvian) kuit, because, since, what, conj.
because, that, aku
− -aku,
because, either because or because, sēr.
because of, for, to the top
of, to, concerning, handas,
because of.
according to, apata,
appizza,
because of that, therefore
(Hittite)
sasina,
fem.pl.,
those, the aforementioned, šâšunu,
masc. pl.,
those, the aformentioned, them,
for
them, to them, as for them, šât,
fem. pl. they of, those of, which, šâtun,
pron.,
those, šina,
šināti,they,
those, the
aforementioned
(Akkadian)
тыя, tyja, those,
яны, jany,
they (Belarusian) oni,
those, they (Croatian) te,
those, oni,
they, them, their, theirs (Polish) tiem,
those, viņi,
they,tie, they,
those (Latvian)
acestea, those,
cel, those, care, that, which,
who, some, asta, that, it, aqel, aceea, that, acela, that, that one,
ei, they, her, its, hers, ele, they, se, it,
they, themselves, one, himself, itself,
dânşii,
dânsele
they,
(Romanian) nuo,
those, ne,
they, them, those (Finnish-Uralic)
εκείνοι,ekeinoi, those, αυτοί, aftoí, they, these
(Greek)
դրանք, drank’, those, նրանք, nrank’,
they, hers, its
(Armenian) ato, those, ata, they, them
(Albanian)
horeik,
those, haiek, them, those, they (Basque)
quegil, quel, those
iad siúd, siúd,
those, siad,
they (Irish) iadsan,
those, iad,
they (Scott)
y rhai hynny, those, nhw, they (Welsh)
quel, quegli, quelli, those,
esse, essi, they (Italian) ces, ceux-là,
those;
quel, what, which, elles,
ils, they
(French)
ka, this (Palaic)
tsa/tsi,
this (Luvian)
-us, them, e-, kā-, ko, kī->,
kās,
apā-,ebe,
this, sumēs,-smas,-e, they, ne
(nu + -e),
they, and they, -mas <
-ma-smas, they, but they,-smas, to
them (Dat. pl.),-semi-,
smi-, to them,
to you (pl.),
(Hittite)
those, they, them
2-48
cel,
Script
R64, G-1, TC325
śīghra,
tvarita, swift, quick, prazu, adj.,
very quick, swift; turta,
adj. quick, swift;
senaju, adj., swift as an arrow; sthag,
sthagayati, pp.
sthagita, to cover, hide, conceal; mluc,
mlocati, to go to rest, hide
behind, go down, set, apanidhā, to
place aside, hide, conceal
penhân
kardan, پنهان کردن
to hide; fast, tond, تند adv. fast;
(Persian)
სწრაფი, stsrap’i,
swift; დამალვა, damalva, to hide
(Georgian)
puzzuru,
adj., completely hidden, secret, pazru,
adj., hidden, inaccessible, pišru, hidden
meaning, interpretation,pazāru,
to hide, conceal, stow, stash, to smuggle,
to grant refuge, to shelter, etc., puzru,
hidden place, things, seclusion, secret way,
message, refuge, etc., puzru,marqītu, to
hide, qebēru,
to hide, to roll up, to cover up, to be
buried, etc., katimtu,
hidden region, hidden object, kitimtu,
hidden knowledge, napāgu, to
hide, disappear, to sink, ḫesû,
to hide, cover up,pasāmu,
to hide, to veil the face, to conceal,
cover, etc., marqītu,
hiding place, refuge,lāsimu,
adj., swift, munnarbu,
swift, runaway, runner, lasmu,
adj., swift running, fleet, ḫamṭu,
adj., swift, sudden, quick, ḫamittu,
ḫīša, urḫiš,
quickly,ummuṭu,
quickly, fast,zamar,
adv., quickly, in an instant,
hurriedly, ḫamāṭu,
zamariš, adv.,
quickly
(Akkadian)
хуткі, chutki, swift, sparki, adj.
quick, rapid, fast; хаваць, chavać,
to hide;
(Belarusian)
brz, swift, sakriti,
to hide (Croatian) ukryć,
to hide, szybki, swift (Polish) ātrs, swift; slēpties, to hide
(Latvian)
rapid, swift; a se ascunde, to hide, conceal
(Romanian)
nopea, swift; piiloutua, to hide, conceal
(Finnish-Uralic)
κρυβω, kryvo, to hide, krybomai,
hid, apokrypto, conceal; ταχύς,
tachýs,
swift,
grigoros, rapid;
(Greek)
արագ, arag, swift;
թաքցնել, t’ak’ts’nel,
to hide (Armenian)
i shpejtë, swift,
për t'u fshehur, fut,
strukem, to hide,
(Albanian)
Ezkutatu, to hide, azkar,
swiftly, quick, fast, (Basque)
celo-are,
to hide, 2nd pers. pl. celatis; cellarius-a-um,
hidden celer-eris,
swift
go tapa, swift, a cheilt, to
hide (Irish)
gu luath, swift, gus falach, to hide (Scott)
yn gyflym, swift,
i guddio, to conceal, cloak,
dissemble; cuddio, to
hide,
conceal, cloak, mask; (Welsh)
nascondere, to hide, veloce, swift
celere, adj.,
expeditious (Italian)
ces, ceux-là, those; cacher, to hide
celer,
to conceal, rapide, swift, célerité, speed, swiftness,
alacrity (French)
sanna/sann,
sana/san,ulae,
ule-> to
hide, conceal, ulae,
ules, to hide, to sneak
away,kariie/a,
to hide, cover,munnāi-, to hide,monae,munnae, munnaea,to conceal, monanta, hidden, concealed, munnanda,
adv., hidden, secret, nuntria/nutria, ptiali/ptalia, adj.,
swift,leliwant,
adv., swiftly traveling, winged,
swift, hurry, in a hurry
(Hittite)
to hide, to secret
away; to be swift, fast; speed [<OE sped, success]; code [<Lat. codex (older caudex) -dicis,
trunk of a tree; transf. a book
made from
wooden tablets]
2-49
cela, Script
AG-1;
CELeRIM,
Script,
Z582;
celi, Script
Z180, Z197, Z263, Z357,
Z412, Z421, Z1040,
Z1337, Z1345;
celo
(CELV), Script
Z727, Z897, Z1203
celto
(CELTV) , Script
Q813– probably celtv or, L. celator, a
concealor, or Celtae
arum, the Celts
CELATI, AG-7
x
იბეჭდება, ibechdeba, Celt (Georgian)
кельт, kieĺt,
Celt (Belarusian)
Kelt, Celt
(Croatian)
celt, Celt
(Latvian) CELT, CELTUL, Celt; CELTU,
old Romanian for Celt (Romanian)
keltti, Celt
(Finnish-Uralic)
nâlidan,نالیدنgroan,
to
sigh,
mrs̄yh,
مرثیه
lament (Persian)
კვნესა, k’vnesa, to groan, moan, sigh,
ლაგუნა, laguna, to
lament (Georgian)
nâqu, to groan,
cry, labû,
to groan, growl, to howl, qubbû,
to lament, qubbû,
lamentation, nabû,
to lament, to wail, nubû, lamentation,
wailing, naḫāsu, to lament, wail, to sob, iršannišakku, lamentation
prayer
(Akkadian)
стагнаць,
stahnać, to groan, moan,
наракаць, narakać, to lament
(Belarusian) jencec,
to moan (Belarus) stenjati, to groan,
moan, žaliti, to lament
(Croatian) jęczeć,
to groan, lamentować,
to lament (Polish)
nomocīt, to groan, nožēlot,
to lament (Latvian)
să urlească, to groan, a gem,
to moan, să se plângă, to lament
(Romanian)
vaivata,
to groan, valittaa, to lament
(Finnish-Uralic)
να ηρεμήσει, na iremísei, to groan,να
θρηνώ,
na thrinó, to lament, mourn weep,
(Greek)
ցնցում, ts’nts’um,
to groan, աղաղակելու համար, aghaghakelu hamar, to
lament (Armenian)
për të rënkuar, to groan, ofshamë, to
groan, moan, sigh, për të qarë, to lament
(Albanian)
gimen, to moan, intziri,
to groan, adiakatu, to groan,
moan (Basque)
gemo, gemere, gemui,
gemitum, to sigh, groan
a groan,
to groan, a chaoineadh, to lament
(Irish)
a 'gearan,
to groan, a chaoidh, to lament
(Scott) i
griddfan , to groan,
i ladd,
to lament (Welsh)
gemere,
to groan, lamentarsi,
to lament (Italian)
gémir, to groan, se lamenter, to
lament (French)
રડવું, Raḍavuṁ, to
groan, cry (Gujarati)
inlemek, to groan,
moan, wail (Turkish)
ыңырсу, ıñırsw, to
groan, moan (Kazakh)
nola
qilmoq, to
groan, moan (Uzbek) нолидан,
nolidan, to groan (Tajik) онтоо, ontoo, to groan (Kyrgyz) ёолох, yoolokh, to groan
(Mongolian)
呻吟,
Shēnyín,
to groan, moan (Traditional Chinese)
wesk-, wiya-, to, lament, taskupāi-,
to moan, to scream (Hittite)
to sigh, groan
[<OE grānian],
moan, lament [<Lat. lamentari]; of lions,
to roar,
ad
[-], to eat, to say (Avestan) sâm xordan,
شام
خوردن, to dine, sup, nahâr xordan, ناهار خوردن
to
dine, lunch, eat dinner, sâm, xordan,
خوردن
to eat (Persian)
სადილობა,
sadiloba, to dine, ლანჩი, lanchi,
lunch, ჭამა, ch’ama,
to eat (Georgian)
at-, to eat (Urartian) zaz, to
make eat, ul,
#ulan,
to eat (Hurrian)
patānu, to eat
a meal, consume, to provide a meal,akālu, to eat, consume, provide for
oneself (Akkadian)
абедаць, abiedać, to
dine, абед, abied,
lunch, есці,
jesci,
to eat
(Belarusian) zjesci,
to eat
(Belarus)
večerati, to dine, ručak,
lunch, jesti,
to eat (Croatian)
zjeść
obiad, to dine, lunch,
to lunch, przekąska, to
snack, lunch, jeść, to
eat (Polish) pusdienot,
to dine, pusdienas,
lunch, ēst,
to eat (Latvian)
a cina, to dine,
Masa de pranz,
lunch, a mânca, to eat
(Romanian) ruokailla,
to dine, lounas,
lunch, syödä, to eat
(Finnish-Uralic)
να δειπνήσω, na deipníso,
to dine, μεσημεριανό, mesimerianó,
lunch,να φάω, na fáo, to eat
(Greek)
ճաշելու համար, chashelu
hamar, to dine, լանչ, lanch’,
lunch, ուտել,
utel,
to eat (Armenian) ha darkë, eat dinner, ha drekë, eat
lunch,
darkë, dinner, për të ngrënë, to eat
(Albanian)
afaldu, to dine, jan, to eat (Basque)
ceno-are, to dine, prandium-i,
lunch,
edo-edere and esse, edi, esum, to eat, fig.
to devour, vescor-i,
to feed, eat, enjoy, haurio-rire-si-stum,
to draw, draw off, derive, to drain, empty,
exhaust, to take in, drink, swallow, devour, mando-are-avi-atum,
to chew, eat, devour
chun dine,
to dine, lón,
lunch, ith, to
eat (Irish)
gus biadh ithe, to dine, lòn, lunch,
ri ithe, to
eat (Scott)
i fwyta, to dine, ciniawa, to
dine, lunch, cineo,
lunch, bwyta,
to eat (Welsh)
cena, supper, pranzo, lunch, mangiare,
to eat
(Italian) dîner, to
dine, souper,, supper, le déjeuner, lunch, manger, to eat
(French)
જમવું,
Jamavuṁ,
to dine, બપોરનો અલ્પાહાર, Bapōranō
alpāhāra, lunch (Gujarati)
yemek, yemek, to dine, öğle
yemeği, lunch
(Turkish)
тамақтану,
tamaqtanw, to dine, түскі
ас, tüski as,
lunch (Kazakh)
ovqatlanmoq,
to dine, tushlik,
lunch, dinner
(Uzbek) хӯрок
хӯрдан, xūrok
xūrdan, to dine, хӯроки
нисфирӯзӣ, xūroki
nisfirūzī, lunch (Tajik)
түштөнүү, tüştönüü, to dine, түшкү тамак, tüşkü
tamak
(Kyrgyz) хооллох, khoollokh, to dine,
үдийн хоол, üdiin khool,
lunch
(Mongolian) 用餐, Yòngcān,
to dine, 午餐, Wǔcān,
lunch (Traditional Chinese)
súwa, to eat
(Tocharian)
#ata, to eat
(Palaic)
et-, ud-, to
eat (Nesian)
ezza/ezz, ēzzi, ēd->, ed/ad,#at, ad-,to eat, azzikk, to
eat again, adore, adanna, in
order to eat,
arsiya-, to eat well, take
care of oneself, arha ēd--,
to eat everything up, hassik-,
ispāi-, to eat one's
fill
(Hittite)
to dine,[<OFr.
diner],
on, eat, [<OE
etan],
lunch [<
perhaps, Sp lonja,
slice], injest,
[<Lat. ingestus,
pp. of ingerere, to carry in, to
digest [<Lat. digere, to divide,
separate]
Note: Script Z has
to do with preparation of a mummy;
Script CF is a mirror illustrating
what appears to be a child
sacrifice by Mars and Laurentia
dala,
branch, zakha
adj., branch, limb, arm, leg, finger
ramification, species, sort; vitapa, branch,
twig, bush, taka,
stem, bhuja,
arm, branch,
trunk of an elephant, coil of a snake;
avrazcana, tree stump; vepres, twigs [Rig
Veda Book IX.3), tāmram, copper,
arema [-],
arm (Avestan)
sâxe, شاخه, branch,
bough, sprout, tak,
تاک,
grape, vine, roz, رز,grapevine,
vine, bâzu,
بازو
arm, limb
(Persian)
ვაზის ფილიალი, vazis p’iliali, vine
branch, ვაზის მარაგი, vazis
maragi, vine stock, ფილიალი,
piliali, branch,
მკლავი,
mk’lavi,
arm (Georgian)
lamû,
branch, ḫarinû, a
branch, larû, branch,
fork, ḫaṭṭu,
branch, shelf, staff, stick, scepter, twig,atappu, a
small branch of a canal, appaḫu,
branches, brush,armatu, copper
part on door,
(Akkadian)
vilapa,
lamentation; zvas,
zvasiti, zvasati,
te, blow, bluster, hiss, whistle,
snort, breathe, sigh; lap,
lapata
(-te), chatter, prate, talk,
lament, wail; kaj,kujati, -te, make
inarticulate sounds, cry, sing, moan,
groan, prcchati (-te),
to ask, question, inquire, prach,
pracchati (te),
to ask, question, inquire, entreat,
invoke,niryāc, to beg or
solicit from, entreat, ask, request, yācate,
to ask, demand, prayāc,
to ask for, beg, solicit, request,to ask
for , beg , solicit , request niryāc
nimraomnô [ni
mrû], to speak
submissively, to
declare, to address,
wail, Vas, to
wish, want (Avestan) rasidegikardan,
رسیدگی کردن to inquire, investigate, rabt dâdan, ارتباط
دادن to relate, connect, link, porsidan,
پرسیدن to ask, geristan,
گریستن
to weep, talab kardan, طلب کردن
to beg (Persian)
ლაგუნა, laguna, to lament, იკითხო, ikit’kho, to
beg, ითხოვენ, it’khoven,
to ask for (Georgian)
ašk-, to ask,
šar-demand,
wish, desire (Hurrian)
labû,
to groan, growl, to howl, qubbû,
to lament, lamentation,qabû, to ask, pronounce, recite, report,
etc.,
nabû, to lament, to
wail, nubû, tassistu, lamentation,
wailing, šallurānu?, lamentation,nâqu,
to groan, cry,
naḫāsu, to
lament, wail,
to sob, ṣarāḫu,
to sing a
lamentation,
utter cries of
mourning,
etc., rigmu,
lamentation,
wailing,
thunder, proclamation,
noise, etc., iršannišakku,
lamentation
prayer, šigû,
lamentation, a
type
of prayer, labānu,
to beg humbly,
to exhibit
utmost
humility,
to pray
contritely,
etc., ,
erišūtu, request,
requesterēšu,
to ask,
request, to
crave, desire,
to be
required,
(Akkadian)
наракаць, narakać,
to lament, спытаць, spytać,
to ask, жабраваць, žabravać,
to beg (Belarusian)
raicca, to
consult, ask (Belarus)
na žalost, to lament, pitati,
to ask, moliti, to beg
(Croatian) lamentowac, to
lament, zapytać,
to ask, żebrać,
to beg
(Polish) asarat,
to weep, vakaut,
to ask, prasit,
to request, (Baltic-Sudovian)
raudāt, to lament,
jautāt, to ask, lūgties, to
beg (Latvian)
pentru a
cere, to ask for, beg, să se plângă,
to lament, a implora,
to beg, RĂCNI, to
speak loudly, to roar, (Romanian) valittaa,
to lament, pyytää,
to ask for, kerjätä, to beg, vaatia, to demand (
(Finnish-Uralic)
να θρηνούμε, na
thrinoúme, to lament, να ζητήσει, na zitísei,
to ask for,
ερωτώ, eroto,
to question, ask, inquireνα επαιτούν, na epaitoún, to beg, (Greek)
աղաղակելու համար, aghaghakelu hamar, to
lament,
հարցնել, harts’nel,
to ask for, հարցրեք,
harts’
’rek’,
inquire, աղաչել, aghach’yel,
to beg (Armenian) te pyesesh,
to ask,
qaj,
vajtoj,
to weep, për të qarë,
to lament, për të kërkuar, to
demand,kerkoj,
to ask, request, seek, për të lypur, to beg
(Albanian)
dolu, lamentation, eskatu,
to ask for, erregutzea,
to beg (Basque)
queror,
queri, questo,
to bewail, lament; mendicare, to ask feverishly
cero-are, to cover with wax,
precor-ari,
to beg,
entreat, pray
priere,
supplication, prayer book, ritual,
ag caoineadh, to
bewail, fiafraigh, to
ask, iarraidh,
to ask for, to beg, a
impigh, to beg (Irish)
a chaoidh, to
grieve, lament, mourn weep,
bewail, a dh'fhaighneachd, to
ask, a dh 'iarraidh, to
seek for, ask for, a
ràdh, to say, a ghin, to beg, 'inntinn,
to beg,
(Scott) marwnad-au, lament,
elegy, dirge; alaethu, to lament; cwynfan, to
complain, lament, i ofyn, to ask,i
erfyn, to beg, implore, supplicate, erchi, (arch-, eirch), to
ask, pray, command, enjoin, siarad, to speak, talk,
areithio, to speak,
make a speech, harangue (Welsh) lamentare, vt. to
lament; demandare,
to ask, pregare,
chiedere,
to beg,
raccontare, ricontare, to
tell, cercare,
(chercare),
to seek for (Italian)
lamenter, to lament; demander, to
ask; prier,
mendier, to beg,
raconter, to
relate, narrate, tell, recount, chercher, to seek
for (French)
રડવું, Raḍavuṁ,
to groan, cry, પૂછો, Pūchō, to ask,
ભીખ
માંગવી, Bhīkha
māṅgavī, to beg
(Gujarati) inlemek, to
groan, moan, wail, sormak,
to ask, dilenmek, to beg, ask
for alms (Turkish) ыңырсу,
ıñırsw,
to groan, moan, сұрау,
suraw, to ask, жалыну, jalınw,
to beg
(Kazakh) nola qilmoq, to groan, moan,
so'ramoq, to ask, request, query, tilanmoq,
to beg,
(Uzbek) нолидан, nolidan,
to groan, пурсидан, pursidan,
to ask, илтимос кардан, iltimos kardan, to beg
(Tajik) онтоо, ontoo, to groan, суроо, suroo,
to ask, жалынуу, jalınuu,
to beg
(Kyrgyz) ёолох, yoolokh, to groan, асуух,asuukh, to ask, inquire,
query, гуйх, guikh,
to beg, run,
start
(Mongolian) 呻吟,
Shēnyín, to groan, moan, 問, Wèn, to ask,
inquire, 乞討, Qǐtǎo,
to beg
(Traditional Chinese)
ākāl, [B akālk],
to desire,
wish, prak,
pärk, prek,
to beg, pray
(Tocharian)
kupri-
(?): 3rd
kupriti, to
desire, kuprime-
(?): Nt kuprimẽ, desired (Mylian)
#arija, to ask,
punuss,
punus-,
to ask, to examine, #mald,
to ask,pnus,
to ask a question, consult, investigate, EGIR-pa
punus-, ask again,eshar
sanh-wesk-, to ask for
someone's blood, demand vengeance for
someone's death, sanh-,
ask for, want, to try, to search, ewakk->,
uewakk,
wekuwar,
n. demand, wewakk->wēk-, wekk->,uewakk,
wewak, to
demand, ask for, wish, to desire, wewak,
to ask, demand, wek-,(IR),
to ask, to demand, to wish, to claim, waluske/a,
to ask of diety, piran
sarā ep-, to ask an oracle, watarnah-,
to ask, inform, to lead, to command, to
inculcate, to entrust, to order, mūgāi-,
to complain, #mugái-,
to complain, oppose, wiya-,
to lament, taskupāi-,
to moan, to scream,
(Hittite)
to bewail, lament,
[<Lat. lamentor-ari,
to weep, wail, lament], whine [<OE hwinan, to
make a whizzing
sound]; mourn [<OE murnan],
recount [<OFr. reconter],
to tell,
to ask [<OE
ascian], implore, [<Lat. implorare], pray, [<Lat. precari, to
entreat],
pose,
v., to present or put forward, position,
[<Gk. pausis,
pause], posit,
to put forward as a fact or position,
[<Lat. positus,
p.p., to place]
position [<Lat.
positivus,
formally laid
down]
gurunnu,
heap, mound,amāru, to pile up bricks,kamāru, to
heap up, pile up, to spread dates for sorting,
accumulated, etc., karamu,
to pile up, keep, store, raṣāpu, to
pile up, erect, keep in good repair,nakāmu,
adj., heaped up, amassed, nikmu,
pile,parūgu,
pile of grain,šaknu,
heaped up, deposited, treasured,
appointed,šapāku,
to heap up, pile up, store, cast metal,
etc., šapku, piled up, heaped up, cast
metal, šipkātu,
mound, pile, investments, cast form,
etc., šipku, accumulation,
heap, mound, cast, etc.,nētu,
to surround, lamû, to surround
completely, to be besieged, arrange objects
in a circle, to wrap, etc.,lamû,
surrounding, walking round a field,kapālu,
circle around, entwine, to form coils,
etc, kippatu,
circle, circumference, totality,
hoop, etc., panakku, circle
segment, kilīlu,
circlet, headband, battlement,
ešgurru,
a metal ring, of finery, anatu,
enqu, a ring, anšabutu,
earring, ḫuppu,
metal ring, wheel metal
tire, qudāšu,
ring worn by women, šâ’u, to
circle (said of birds),
flutter, fly
about, etc.,nītu,
encirclement, siege,
grip, šusḫurtu, encircling?,tabāku, to
heap up, store, stack, pour, spill discharge,
void, annul, collapse etc.
(Akkadian)
круг, kruh, circle,
куча, kuča, heap,
атачаць, atačać,
to surround, кальцо, kaĺco,
ring, абруч, abruč,
hoop
(Belarusian) akruzyc,
v. perf.
to surround [mil.]
(Belarus) krug,
circle, hrpa,
heap, cairn,
cairn, opkoliti, to
surround, prsten,
ring, papak, hoop
(Croatian) okrag,
circle, gromadzic, halda, kupa, heap,
sterta, stack, otaczać, to
surround,pierścień,
ring,obręcz,
hoop (Polish)
grandis, preiperstas, ring
(Baltic-Sudovian)
aplis, circle, orbe, ring, kaudze,
heap, ieskauj,
to surround, gredzens, ring, stīpas, hoop
(Latvian)
cerc,
circle, hoop, morman, heap, a
inconjura, to surround, inel, ring, hoop, circle
(Romanian) ympyrä,
circle, pino,
heap, ympäröidä, to surround, rengas,
ring, vanne, hoop, band,
corselet (Finnish-Uralic)
κύκλος, kýklos, circle,
orb, σωρός, sorós,
heap, να περικυκλώσει, na perikyklósei,
to surround, δαχτυλίδι, dachtylídi,
ring, κρίκος, kríkos,
hoop (Greek) շրջան,
shrjan,
circle, կույտ, kuyt, heap,
հարցրեք շրջապատը, harts’rek’
shrjapaty, to surround, օղակաձեւ, oghakadzev,
ring, կողպեքը, koghpek’y, hoop (Armenian) rreth,
circle, ring,grumbull,
heap,
turrë,
stack, head, rrethoj,
wreath, përqarkoj,
to
surround, rreth
për të luajtur, hoop
(Albanian)
zirkulu,
circle, pila,
heap, arazoak
izaten ari, heap,
pila, pile, stack, mordo, pile,
mass, inguratu, to
surround, encircle, eraztuna,
ring, uztaia, hoop (Basque)
acervo-are,
to heap up acervus-i,
heap,
circus-i,
ring
ciorcal,
circle,
gcarn, heap, cairn,
cairn, timpeall, to
surround, fáinne, ring, fonsa, hoop
(Irish) crann,
heap, curnenu, curnenn, to heap, stack, càrn, a heap,
pile,
amgylchu,
amgylch, to surround,
encircle, compass,
encompass; tyrru,
to surround, amgarn-au, metal circle,
ferrule, ring va. heap, pile, cearcall,
hoop (Scott) cylch,
circle, curnennu, to heap,
stack; pentyrro,
to
heap, pile, accumulate,
amass, ffoniwch, ring, cylchdroi,
hoop (Welsh) cernere,
to choose, sort, mucchio, heap, circondare, to
surround, cerchio,
circle, hoop, squillare, ring
(Italian) tas, pile,
heap, stack, mass, cerne, ring, circle cerner, to
surround, cerceau,
hoop, cercle,
circle (French)
warpa/ilae,
to surround, enclose, warpa,
enclosure, anda w.,
to surround,hrbl(i),
heap, to stack, pile,harpa-,
heap, pile,harpae, to
heap up, harpāi-,
to heap, pile,hopa,
heap, hopae,
heap, to pile up, #guta,
gurta, enclosed space,asawar,
enclosure, hulaliesr/hulaliesn,
encirclement,
(Hittite)
circle
[<Lat.
circus-i,
ring], heap [<OE
hëap] compass
[<OFr. compasser,
to measure], circle, ring
[<OE hring],
hoop [<ME
hop], warp, to twist,
etc., [<OE weorpan,
to throw], pile
[<Lat. pila,
pillar], wreath,
[<OE writha], cairn,
[<ME carne,
of Celtic origin],
imma,
finally, rather, on the contrary (Avestan) hatmi, حتمی
certain, bahskardan, بحث کردن to
dispute, bahs,
بحثdispute,
m'yn,
معینs
settled, decided (Persian)
გარკვეული, garkveuli,
certain, დავა, dava, to dispute,
დასახლდა, dasakhlda, settled
(Georgian)
kīša,
adv., certainly, evidently,ṣalûtu,
dispute, to hold a
disputation, paqru,
adj., disputed, contested, mitgurtu,
disagreement, concord,
consent, discord, agreement,
napṣu, adj., settled, hit, broken,
crushed,
gamru, settled, terminated, whole,
complete,
full, finished, gamāru,
to finish,
to be settled,
to bring
to an end,
used up,
render a final
verdict, to
give in full,
etc., pašāru,
settle, to appease, relax, to be loosened,
loosed, to resolve a legal
case,
to interpret
dreams, to be anulled,
etc., qatû,
to become settled,
finished, to
finish, use up,
destroy, to end,
put an end
to(Akkadian)
пэўны,
peŭny,
certain, аспрэчваць, asprečvać,
to dispute, вырашана, vyrašana,
settled(Belarusian)
siguran,
certain, za osporavanje,
to dispute, riješiti,
settled (Croatian) pewny, certain, dysputować,
to debate, spierac
sie, to dispute, spor, controversy, ustalony,
settled, fixed
(Polish)
noteikti, certain, apstrīdēt,
to dispute, apmaksāts,
settled (Latvian)
anumit, certain, a contesta, to dispute, stabilit, settled,(Romanian) tietty,
certain, kiistää, to dispute,
ratkaistu, settled (Finnish-Uralic)
βέβαιος, vévaios,
certain,πόλεμο, pólemo, argument,
controversy, να αμφισβητήσει, na
amfisvitísei, to dispute,
τακτοποιημένο, taktopoiiméno, settled,(Greek)
որոշակի,
voroshaki,
certain, վիճաբանել, vichabanel, to dispute,
բնակեցված, bnakets’vats,
settled (Armenian)
disa, certain, vendosën, settled,diskutoj, to
discuss, dispute, debatoj, to
debate, dispute, polemizoj, to
dispute, adv. vendosur, decided, determined
(Albanian)
ziur,
adj., certain, gatazka, dispute, gatazka konpontzeko, to
settle a dispute,
eztabaidatu,
to discuss, debate, dispute, erabaki, to decide,
resolve, polemika,
controversy
(Basque)
муайян,
muajjan,
certain, баҳс кардан, ʙahskardan,
to dispute, ҳал шуд, hal şud,
settled, resolved (Tajik) анык, anık,
certain, талашуу,
talaşuu, to dispute,
жайгашты, jaygaştı,
settled (Kyrgyz) тодорхой, todorkhoi,
certain, маргах,
margakh,
to dispute, суурьшсан,
suurishsan,
settled
(Mongolian) 肯定, Kěndìng,
certain, 爭論,
Zhēnglùn, to
dispute,
定, Dìng, settled, fixed
(Traditional Chinese)
āk, [B āke], end, ākessu
(adj.)[B akessu,
final (Tocharian)
pzzi-: 3rd pzziti, to decide (Lycian)
pzzi-:
3rd pzziti, to decide
(Mylian) markiie/,
disprove of, markiya-,
to disagree, tittiya-> establish,
settle,tit(ta)nu,
taninu, to settle,
install, tuhus,
to end, appa/appi,
appae, appiie/a, to be
finished,assanu-,
to finish, to achieve,
realize, accomplish, obtain, to prepare, to put
into order, to supply, provide,ase/isanu, isnu(wa),to
settle, seat,
trup, to be
finished, to
plaid together, to unite, collect, to collect
oneself, karp-, to
end, finish, zinna-, to be
finished, to stop, zinna/zinn, zinnizzi/zinnanzi,
to finsh, zenna-, to
settle, to finish, to end, put an end to, to
demolish, to go to its end, kattan d., to settle, carry out a
task,tsini/tsinto,
finish, tksesr, settlement, arrangement,
combination,tksul, settlement, peace-treaty,
agreement
(Hittite)
to settle
[<OE setlan],
by contest, stable,
[<Lat. stabilis],
dispute [<Lat.
dipsuto-are],
control; certain
[<OFr. certain], sure, [<Lat. securus, safe], strident, [<Lat., stridere, to make a
harsh sound], debate,
[<OFr. debattre],
Gerion, herdsman of Spain
whose cattle were stolen by Hercules
2-59
CERUN
(CERVN)
CERUN (CERVN),
PH-3
anṛtaṁ
vadati, to speak falsely, mithya, adv.
wrongly, falsely, in vain; with
{bru,
vac}, etc. speak
falsely, tell a lie;
kaitava, deceit,
fraud, lie; asant, not existing,
unreal, untruth, lie
aiwi-druzhaiti
[aiwi-druj],
false, to break a contract or
agreement, to deceive, “druj”, demoness, druj [-], deceit,
deceiver, lie, lier, diwzhat,[diwzha],
deceit, hypocrisy, fraud, mairya,
deceitful, nave,
scoundrel, rogue, villain,
(Avestan)
მოტყუება, motqueba, to lie, cheat, ტყუილის თქმა,
t’q’uilis
tkma, to tell
a lie,
(Georgian)
#nahh, to
lie (Hurrian)
kamami,
kazbūtu, lie, kazābu,
to lie, pariktu,
lie, injustice, parāṣu,
to lie, to
lie
to, to violate, transgress, a trust, to break an
oath, to deceive, to practice deceit,pirṣātu,
lies, deceit, trickery, šugguru, to lie, cheat,
šukunnû, false accusation,
blasphemy,ṣullupu, adj., false,
dishonest, crossed out, cancelled,parriṣu,
false, mendacious, criminal,ṣabru,
false, malicious, ṣurrāti,
tasriru, falsehood,ṣaburtu, falsheood,
malice, aḫītu,
falsehood, slander, misfortune,
secrecy, hiding, šināti, in lašināti,
falsehoods, improper actions
or words, šāru, falsehoods, flatus,
emptiness, etc.(Akkadian)
хлусіць, chlusić,
to lie, сказаць няпраўду,
skazać niapraŭdu,
to
tell a lie
(Belarusian) chlusic,
to lie, tell
lies; chlusnia,
lie; fals,
falsehood,
mana, lie, untruth (Belarus) lagati, to
tell a lie, govoriti
laž,
to tell a lie
(Croatian)
kłamać, to
lie, powiedzieć kłamstwo,
to tell a lie
(Polish) melot, to lie, pateikt
melus, to tell a
lie
(Latvian)
a minti, to lie, a
spune o minciuna,
to tell a
lie
(Romanian)
valehdella, to tell a lie (Finnish-Uralic)
να ψέματα, na psémata,
to tell a lie, (Greek)
խաբել, khabel,
to deceive, սուտ
ասել, sut
asel, to tell a lie (Armenian)
te genjesh, to lie, për
të thënë një gënjeshtër, to tell a lie,
falsifikoj,
to falsify (Albanian)
gezurra
esan, to lie, gezurra
esateko, to tell a lie,faltsutasuna,
falsehood (Basque)
mentior-iri, -itus,
to lie, deceive, to say falsely, mendacium-i, to
liemendacium
bréag
a insint, to tell a lie (Irish) a
dh ’innse breug,
to tell a lie (Scott) i
ddweud celwydd,
to tell a lie
(Welsh)
mentire, to lie, dire
una bugia,
to tell a lie
(Italian) gésir, to lie, dire un mensonge,
to tell a lie
(French)
જૂઠું
બોલવુંજૂઠું બોલવુંJūṭhuṁ
bōlavuṁ, to tell a lie (Gujarati)
Yalan
söylemek, to tell a
lie (Turkish)
өтірік
айту, ötirik
aytw,to tell a lie (Kazakh)
yolg'on
gapirmoq, to
tell a lie
(Uzbek)
дурӯғ гуфтан, durūƣguftan,
to tell a lie (Tajik)
жалган
айтып, jalgan
aytıp, to tell a lie (Kyrgyz)
худлаа хэлэх, khudlaa khelekh, to tell a lie (Mongolian)
說謊, Shuōhuǎng, to tell a lie
(Traditional
Chinese)
klāwa- keṃ[B, aṅkaiṃ],
false, wrong, in vain, guhākune*
(n.a.)[B kuhākäññe], deception,
trickery (Tocharian)
avasthitiḥ,
stop, hindrance,tiṣṭhati,
to remain,viramati,
to cease, jahātizI,
to leave off, abandon, ziyate, fall, cease,
perish; visarjana,
cessation, end, letting go; srj, srjati, -te,
sarjati {prati} send forth, give up, resign,
yield, cease
negah
dâštan,نگه داشتنto hold, to stop, restrain,
istâdan, یستادنto stop,
halt, abide, stay,
bâzistâdan, بازداشتن to
stop, veto, withhold, tamâm
šodán, تمام شدن
arrest, break, cease, stop, close (Persian)
შეჩერება, shech’ereba,
to stop, შეწყვეტა, shetsqveta, to cease (Georgian)
naḫḫ-
to sit down; to set, to place
(Hurrian)
padû,
to stop, to
relent,
to release, to spare, paṭāru,
to stop, cease, conclude, to break
up a team, remit an obligation,
loosen, dissolve, etc.,kalû,
to stop, to detain, to cut off, to come to an
end, to be closed, to cease, etc., naparkû,
to stop, cease
doing
something, to end, to cease, to leave,
to remain, to stay behind, to put an end
to,
parāsu, to stop,
to cut off, to block evil, to sever
relations, cease, etc.,kâdu,
cease, to come to an end(Akkadian)
спыніць, spynić,
to stop, cease,
арыштаваць,
aryštavać,
to arrest
(Belarusian) prpynak, to halt, stop; prypyniacca,
to stop; spynic, v.
imp.
stop, bring to a
standstill (Belarus)
prestati, to cease, zaustaviti, to
stop (Croatian)
zatrzymać,
to stop, zaprzestać, to cease,
aresztować, to arrest
(Polish) stabdit,
to stop (Baltic-
Sudovian)
apstāties, to
stop, pārtraukt, to cease,
arestēt,
to arrest
(Latvian)
a opri, to stop, a
inceta, to cease, a aresta,
to arrest
(Romanian) pysähtyä, to
stop, lopettaa, to cease,
(Finnish-Uralic)
να
σταματήσει, na stamatísei,
to stop, να
παύσει, na páfsei,
to cease, παύω,
pavo, cease, desist
(Greek) կանգնել, kangnel,
to stop, դադարեցնելու համար, dadarets’nelu
hamar, to cease
(Armenian)
të ndalosh, to stop, to cease, për të pushuar,to
cease, të pushojë,
to rest, arrestoj, to
arrest (Albanian)
gelditu, to stop, pause,
arrest, eten, to cease, interrupt (Basque)
ceso-are, to
stop
stopadh,
to stop, deireadh a chur, to cease,
eliminate, a
scor,
to cease (Irish)
gus stad a chur air, to
stop, cease, sguir, to
cease (Scott) stopio, to
stop, i roi'r gorau iddi, to cease, peidio, peidi, to cease,
stop, desist, refrain, forbear, remit (Welsh) fermare,
to stop, cessare, to
cease (Italian) arrêter, to
stop, cesser, to cease
(French)
બંધ કરો, Bandha karō, to
stop, cease (Gujarati)
durdurmak, to stop, cease,
arrest, abort
(Turkish)
тоқтау, toqtaw,
to stop, ceae
(Kazakh) to'xtamoq, to stop, halt (Uzbek) бас кардан, ʙas kardan, to stop, cease,
discontinue,
истодан, istodan,
to stop,
stand, remain (Tajik) токтотуу, toktotuu,
to stop, cease (Kyrgyz) зогсох, zogsokh, to stop, cease, (Mongolian) 停止, Tíngzhǐ,
to stop,
cease, halt, (Traditional Chinese)
āra-[B āra-], stop,
cease, give up, ārlune*,
stopping, ceasing (Tocharian)
tsini/tsinm,
to stop, to finish, to
be ready with, to destroy, to go
to the end,zinna- ,
stop,
to
finish, to be finished,
rae,
to stop, reign in,
overpower, arāi-, to halt,
revolt, to revolt, to rise, ep-, stop, to grab,
to
take, to occupy a place, to
take for husband/wife, istappuliie/a,
stopper, to use as a stopper, istapuli,
stopper, plug, lid, cover,istapulie/a,
stopper,sakuwantariya-, stop,
to rest (Hittite)
tostop [<Lat.
stuppare, to stop with a tow; Gk, stuppe, tow], cease,
[<Lat. cessare],
yield, arrest,
[<OFr arester]
2-61
sarvaḥ, everyone,
everybody, pṛthak
pṛthak, severally, ekaikaḥ,
apiece, each, kas, who
haurvãm [haurva], all,
entire, complete (Avestan) har, هر each,
every, an, any, haryek, هر یک each,
any, an, whichever, hame, همه everyone,
all,
totally, ky,
کی,
who, ast,
است
is (Persian)
თითოეული, t’it’oeuli, each (Georgian)
#heyari,
šui(-ne),
all, every, hiyarunna,
all (Hurrian) ištātan, each, jamutu, pron.,
each, attamannu,
each and every one, whoever you are, mitḫāriš,
each one (of two or more persons,
objects, etc., enumerated), to the same extent
or degree, everywhere, collectively,
unanimously, at every occasion, all over, in a
group, aḫennā,aḫinnū,
each separately, singly, aḫmaḫu,
each other (Akkadian)
кожны, kožny,
each, хто, chto,
who is
(Belarusian) kozny,
pron. every, each
(Belarus)
svaki, each, tkoje, who is
(Croatian) każdy,
each, every, ktojest,
who is
(Polish)
katrs, each, kurš ir,
who is, kas,
which, what
(Latvian) cest,
each, this one, careeste, who
is (Romanian) kukin, each,
kukaon, who is
(Finnish-Uralic)
καθε, kathe,
each, every, καθένας kathenas,
each, everyone, every, ποιος
είναι, poios eínai, who
is (Greek)
յուրաքանչյուրը, yurak’anch’yury, each, ով
է, ove, who
is (Armenian)
çdo, each, secili, each, kushdo,
anyone, Kusheshte, who
is, kush,
who(Albanian)
bakoitza, each, every, oro,
every, Nor
da, who is (Basque)
quisque, quaeque, each, every, quis est, who
is, quis, who? what,
which? anyone, anybody, anything, how much,
how many, qui,
quae or quod, rel.
pron. that, quid,
qui, quae, quod, who; qui,
which, what, in what manner? how?, qua, by
which way, where, whereby, as far as, some,
quo, where? to what place? in order that;
because, whereby,
gach,
each, ceann acu, each, céhé,
who is (Irish) gach
fear, each, Cò a th'ann,
who is (Scott) yr un,
each, pob, (bob), adj., each, every; pawb,
everyone, all,
popeth, everything, Pwy
yw, who is, pwy, who,
hynny,
that, (Welsh)
ciascuno, ogni, ognuno,
each, chiè,
who is, chi,
who
(Italian) chaque,
each, every adj., chacun,
pron., each, quiest,
who is, qui,
who, some, Qu'est-ce que
c'est, what is it
(French)
દરેક, Darēka, each, every,
કોણ છે, Kōṇachē,
who is
(Gujarati) herbir,
each, every, all, kim,
who is (Turkish)
әркім,
arkim, each, кім, kim,
who is
(Kazakh) harbir,
each, every, kim,
who is, (Uzbek)
ҳар як, harjak,
each, any, кист, kist,
who is
(Tajik)
ар бири,arbiri,
each, ким, kim,
who is
(Kyrgyz)
тус бүр, tus bür,
each, хэн бэ, khen
be, who is (Mongolian)
每個, Měi gè,
each, 各, Gè,
each, 誰是, Shuí
shì, who is
(Traditional Chinese)
kui+a,
every, who, what,(Palaic) kui+hawho,
what?, Kui,
whoever, Kwi,
someone, anyone, kwi+
ha,
interog. pron. who, what,
kwis,
kwis/kwis
ima,
someone, kwis/kwis,
kwisha/kwisha...kwis,
someone
(Luvian) hūmant-, all, each, every,homant,
each, every, kui+=(i)a,
each every,kwi+ha,
every, in every way, kuissa,
each,
kuis-a,
everybody.kuata(n),
every, in every way,dapi,
adj., each, every, all, altogether,
dapiant,
all, every,dapiya-,
dapiyant-,all,
together,kas...kas,
each other, heyaunna,
all, panku-,
every, complete,
entire, all of, general,
(Hittite)
each
[<OE ælc],
every, [<OE
æfry]
everyone,
everything, whois,
{<[<OE hwa],
is
in, adj., pron.,
این
this, , ân,
آن that,ynha,
اینها these
(Persian)
ეს, es, this, these, რომ, rom,
that (Georgian)
inV(-), pron., that, ini,
ina,
this (Urartian) andi,
andu-,
this, anni, ani,
annu-, anu-,
this, anam-,
anammi-,
this way, so, andi, andu-,
that, -lla, -l, -nna,
-n,
that, anV-,
that,
(Hurrian)
annimû,
this, the one in question, annû,
this, that,agannû,
*annīnû,
this, anummû,
this, the aforementioned,allû,
that, the other,agâ, aga’a,
agaja, aga’i,
that, this, ammiu,
ammītu(f.),
that, those, šâši,
that, to her, the aforementioned, šâšu,
to him, to her, that, the
aforementioned, šȋ,
that, she, the aforementioned,
šua,
m. singl., acc. and gen.
pron., that, the
aforementioned,šuāšu,šuāti,that,
to
her, to him, (m., f., singl. oblique), the
aforementioned,šūt,
m. sing. that, he,
the
aforementioned
(Akkadian)
гэта, heta, this, што, što,
that, гэтыя, hetyja,
these (Belarusian) hety,
pron., toj, this, that (Belarus) ovaj, this,
da, that, ovi,
these
(Croatian) to, this,
that, it, ten, this, this one,
šis, this, šos,
those, to, that (Latvian) CEŞTI, acesta, this,
these,acea,
that (Romanian)
tämä,
this,että,
that,nämä,
these (Finnish-Uralic)
Αυτό, Aftó, this, ότι,
óti,
that, αυτά
τα, aftá ta,
these, αυτοί, aftoí, these,
they (Greek)
սա է, sa e,
this, որ, vor, that, Սրանք,
Srank’,
these (Armenian) që, this,
that,këta, këto, these (Albanian)
hau, this, hura, that, hauek, these
(Basque)
hic, haec, hoc, this, these
seo, this, sin,
that, iad seo, these, (Irish)
seo, this, eadsin, these, that
(Scott) hwn
[m], hon [f],
hyn [n],
this; rhain,
these, hynny,
that, rheini, rheiny, those (Welsh) questo,
pron., this one, quello, that, questi, queste, pl.,
these, (Italian) ce, m., cet, cette
f., demonst. adj., this, these, that (French)
આ,
Ā,
this, these, કે, Kē,
that, which, whether (Gujarati) bu,
this, böyle,
adv., thus, this, that, bunlar,
these (Turkish)
ebẽ/ebẽñnẽ/ebẽñni, this (Lycian) tsa/tsi, this
(Luvian)
e-, kī->, Neut. of kā-,
kās,ebe,anni-, si-,
this, apā-,this,
he, she,ka,ko,ki,this,
kiswant,
this, of this kind,kissankissanna, like this and like
that, adv., this way, thus, apās,ani, that,
apa-as,
that he, she, it, apās-pat,
this, only this,si/oni/ni/ini, that (one),uni-,
this, the same, edani,
Dat. Sg. this, ediz,
Abl. Sg., adv., this, besides, tuan,
adv. tuanta, to this side, tuan...tuan,
to this side...to that side, apiddaya,
apāttaya, this too, (Hittite)
anviṣyati, to
seek, look for, adhikrta
adj. placed at the head, appointed,
superintendent,
magistrate, official, judge,
adhikaranika,
judge or magistratesthirīkaroti, satyāpayati, ratify.,
dharmah, justice
isa,
to seek, look for,ratavô
[ratu],
judgement,
judge,
master, one who is in authority(Avestan)
jastan, جستن to
seek for, jostoju, جستجو
enquiry, quest,
hakim slhyh,
حاکم صلحیه magistrate
(Persian)
ეძებენ, edzeben, to
seek for, მაგისტრატი, magistrati,
magistrate (Georgian)
ḫazannu,
chief magistrate of
a
town, quarter of a large city,
village or large estate, mayor,
burgomaster, headman,latāku, to question, to check measurements, calculations, to
check on work in progress,
to test,
to try, to try out,
to examine someone’s mood,
to investigate, etc., pâru,
to inspect, to
check,
scrutinize?,to look for, to search for,palāsu, to
discover,
to examine, to gaze at, to show, to
cause irritation, preoccupation,
trouble, concern, to see to, face, to
face, paqādu, to
inspect,to
count,
to administer a temple, a country, the world,
etc.,to
take care of a house, animals, people, booty,
etc., to provide a person with food, to
appoint a person to an office, to
assign a person to a task, etc., to count, to administer a
temple, a country, the world, etc.,to appoint
a person to an office, to
assign a person to a task,
dajālu, in rab dajāli,
inspector chief,(Akkadian)
магістрат, mahistrat,
magistrate, шукаць, šukać, to seek for
(Belarusian) sukac, to
look for,
seek (Belarus)
tražiti, to seek for, sudac,
magistrate (Croatian)
meklēt, to seek for, tiesnesis, magistrate
(Latvian)
să caute, to seek
for, magistrat,
magistrate (Romanian) etsiä, to
seek for, poliisituomari, magistrate
(Finnish-Uralic)
να
αναζητήσει, na
anazitísei, to seek for, δικαστής, dikastis,
magistrate, judge, να
ζητήσει, na
zitísei, to
ask for
(Greek) փնտրել,
p’ntrel, to
seek for, մագիստրատուրա, magistratura,
magistrate (Armenian) për
të kërkuar
për,
to seek for,
i
magjistratit, magistrate, qytetar,
magistrate (Albanian)
bila, to seek
for, ikerketa,
inquest, inquiry, detection, magistratu,
magistrate, (Basque)
quaestor-oris,
magistrate, quaeso-ere,
to seek for, ask for
a lorg, to seek for, giúistís,
magistrate, Breitheamh,
judge (Irish) a
shireadh, to seek for, maighstir
lagha,
magistrate, britheamh,
judge (Scott) i
geisio am, to seek
for, ustus-iaid,
justice, magistrate, ynad-on, judge, justice,
magistrate (Welsh) cercare, to
seek for, inchiesta,
inquiry, magistrato,
magistrate (Italian) chercher
to seek for, quêter,
to go in quest of, beg, quêteur-oer,
collection-taker, magistrat,
magistrate (French)
શોધવા
માટે, Śōdhavā
māṭē, to seek for, મેજિસ્ટ્રેટ,
Mējisṭrēṭa, magistrate
(Gujarati)
aramak, to
seek for, sulhhakimi,
magistrate, justice of the peace (Turkish)
судья,izdew, to seek for,swdya,
magistrate judge, магистр,
magïstr, magistrate (Kazakh) qidirmoq,
to seek for, іздеу,
sudya,
magistrate, judge (Uzbek) ҷустуҷӯ
кардан, çustuçū
kardan, to
seek for,судя,
sudja,
magistrate, магистрат, magistrat,
magistrate (Tajik) издөө, izdöö,
to seek for,магистр, magistr,
magistrate, сот, sot,
judge (Kyrgyz) хайх, khaikh, to seek for,шүүгч, shüügch,
magistrate, judge (Mongolian)
尋找,
Xúnzhǎo,
to seek for,地方法
官, Dìfāng fǎguān,
magistrate, 法官, Fǎguān, judge
(Traditional Chinese)
maraza-: N
maraza, judge (Lycian) trwan(i), to
judge (Luvian)
hanna-?,
to judge, decide, hanesr/han(a),
to render judgment,sa(n)h,
sa(n)h, to seek, look for, investigate,
sah-, sanh-, to search,
to try,
to want, ask for,watarnah-,
to inform, to lead,
to command, to inculcate, to entrust, to
order, to ask, (Hittite)
magistrate
[Lat. magistratus-us];
to seek
for, ask for; justice
[<Lat. iustitia-ae,
justice, equity, ratify,
[<Med. Lat. ratificare],
search,
[<Lat. circare,
to go around],
inquire, inquest,
[<Lat. inquirere]
taslim
šodán, تسلیمto cede, surrender,
yield, trakkardan,
ترک کردن, to leave,
allow, abandon, quit (Persian)
დათმობა,
dat’moba, to cede, გამოიღო,
gamoigho, to
yield,
დატოვება, dat’oveba,
to leave, vacate
(Georgian)
саступіць, sastupić,
to cede, каб атрымаць, kab atrymać,
to yield, пакідаць,
pakidać,
to leave, quit, desert
(Belarusian)
paddacca, to surrender (Belarus)
predati, to cede, do nastanka, to yield, otići, to leave, ostaviti,
to leave, let, abandon
(Croatian)
cedować,
to cede, ustąpić, to
yield, go, zostawiać,
to leave, let be (Polish)
atkāpties, to cede, lai iegūtu, to yield, atstāt, to
leave, let, abandon, quit
(Latvian)
să cedeze, to
cede, CEDAU,
I, they surrender, pentru a da randament, to yield,
lăsa, to
leave, let, abandon, quit
(Romanian)
luovuttaa, to cede, väistää, to yield, lähteä,
to leave,
(Finnish-Uralic)
παραχωρώ, parachoro, cede,
grant; να αποδώσει, na apodósei, to yield,
allow, grant, concede, να φύγω,
na fýgo, to
leave
(Greek)
դադարեցնել, dadarets’nel,
cede զիջելու համար, zijelu
hamar, yield, հեռանալ,
herranal,
to leave, լքել, lk’el,
to leave, abandon, quit (Armenian)
për të lëshuar,
to cede, release, heq
dorë, to give up, cede, abandon, resign,lë,
leave, give away, to
yield (Albanian)
cedo, cedere, cessi, cessum, to go, proceed, grant, yield
a
cede
toradh, yield, fág,
to leave (Irish) gu
cede,
to cede, toradh, yield, Gu bhith fàgail, to
leave (Scott)
i cede, to cede,
ildio, to yield, forgo, gadewch, to leave, quit
(Welsh)
cedere to cede, yield,
surrender, give in, lasciare,
to leave, allow, quit, release
(Italian)
céder, to give up,
yield, give away, laisser,
to leave, allow, abandon (French)
સોંપવું,
Sōmpavuṁ,
to cede, છોડી દેવું,
Chōḍī dēvuṁ, to give
up, છોડી, Chōḍī, to leave
(Gujarati)
teslim etmek, to cede, give up,
vermek, to yield, deliver, biramak, to
leave, quit (Turkish)
беру,
berw, to
cede, give, go, yield, кету, ketw, to leave,
depart (Kazakh) bermoq,
to cede, taslim
bo'lmoq, to yield,
surrender, tashlab
ketmoq, to leave,
vacate, bermoq,
to leave, confer,
give (Uzbek) додан,
dodan,
to cede, даст
кашидан, dast
kaşidan, to give
up, тарк кардан, tarkkardan,
to leave (Tajik) өткөрүп берүү,
ötkörüp
berüü,
to cede, түшүм берүү, tüşümberüü,
to yield, калтыруу, kaltıruu, to leave (Kyrgyz)
өгөх,
ögökh,
to cede, бууж өгөх, buuj ögökh, to yield, явах, yavakh, to leave, go, retire
(Mongolian)
放棄, Fàngqì, to cede, give up,
abandon, 屈服, Qūfú, to yield, surrender, 離開, Líkāi,
to leave,
depart
(Traditional
Chinese)
i,paii/pai,
pi/pai, pāi->,
#pai,
pae,
arrūsa pāwar, to go,
It!, imp.
of pāi-, “to go”, huinu-
− piran h, to make go forward,
to act, handāi,
to surrender,
turn out, adapt, to happen, to
create a matrimonial community,
to notice by an oracle, to
prepare, to arrange, to set out,
to gather, lak, to
submit, fall, to slant, to tilt, holumr,
holantsa, defeat, holantsai,
defeat, infliction
(Hittite)
to go, proceed, to turn out, happen, fall
to the lot of a
person, retire,
grant, yield, to cede,
[<Lat. cedere],
to let,
[<OE lætan],
fugitive,
<Lat. fugere,
to flee]
2-65
ceto (CETV), Script
N311, N378, Q162
uccasamzaya,
standing above (star); tar, tārāortārakā,
star;
stṛ
, star
star, stara [-],
strãm,
stârãm,
star
(Avestan)
setâre, starh, ستاره star
(Persian)
ვარსკვლავი, varskvlavi, star (Georgian)
kakkabu,
falling star, meteor,
star-shaped object or formation, star, kakkabiš,
adv., like a star, kakkabānu,
star-like, covered with stars, kakkabu,
star-shaped object or formation, falling
star, meteor, star, kakkabtu,
star symbol, star-shaped
ornament,
star-shaped brand, ḫabaṣirānu,
name of a star,lammu,
name of a star and
the nether world(Akkadian)
зорка, zorka, star
(Belarusian) zorka, star
(Belarus)
zvijezda, star (Croatian)
lauksend, star
(Baltic-Sudovian)
zvaigzne, star (Latvian) stea, star
(Romanian)
tähti, star (Finnish-Uralic)
mashîm
[mashya] naire, vîra
[-] man (Avestan)
mard,
مرد
man, manly, son of Adam, kas, kârgar,
man, nsan,
انسان
man, human being, mankind,
dehqân,
دهقان
peasant
(Persian)
კაცი, k’atsi, man,
კაცობრიობა, k’atsobrioba,
mankind, გლეხი, glekhi,
peasant (Georgian)
taršuani,
man, 'aš-e, man, '-s(u)wa,
human being
(Urartian taḫḫe,
taġe, taγə, taḫe, man, male, taržuwa-ni,
man, person (Hurrian)
lullû,
man, lummunu-amēlu,
unfortunate man,atmû
rēŝētu, a word for mankind,nišū,
mankind, human
beings,
people, workmen, soldiers, inhabitants,
population, subjects of a king, serfs,
retainers belonging to an estate, etc., abrātu,
epâti, mankind, amīlūtu,
mankind, the
human
species, human being, people, somebody,
anybody, mitḫartu,
mankind, totality,
square
(as a geometric term), side of a square, dūtu,
manliness, virility, eṭliš,
adv., manly, mankind, ḫābibu,
mankind (lit. noisemaker) (Akkadian)
чалавек, čalaviek,
man, чалавецтва, čalaviectva,
mankind, сялянская, sialianskaja,
peasant (Belarusian) čovjek, man, čovječanstvo,
mankind, seljak,
peasant
(Croatian)
muzcyna, calaviek,
man (Belarus) covek,
cove'cji mu',
man (Serbo-Croatian) mężczyzna, man, ludzkość,
mankind, humanity,chłop,
peasant (Polish) zmane,
man (Baltic
Sudovian) cilvēks,
man, cilvēce,
mankind, zemnieks, peasant
(Latvian)
om, man, omenire,
mankind, humanity,țăran,
peasant (Romanian) mies, man, ihmiskunta, mankind,talonpoika,
peasant (Finnish-Uralic)
atla-/atra-:
A
atrã/atru, D atli/etli,
DLpl. atla,
G adj. A atlahi/etlehi,
D atlahi,
DLpl. atlahe, person, meri
mireñ, man, a
warrior?
(Lycian) atla-/atra-:
D atli,
G adj. atlasi,
person (Mylian)
antuwahhas,
human being, person, antuhsas,
antuhsa-,
man, human being, antuhsas,
man, human being, LÚ,
man, person, ndohs/nduahas,
person, human being, ndohsadr/ndohsan,
mankind, population, LÚ, man, person, LÚ.U, LU, person, LÚlahhiyala-,
man of war, soldier, pesnas,
(gen. sg.), man, pesan,
pesn,pisen,
man, male person, pisnadr/pisnan,
manhood, virility, male parts,pesnili,
manly, in a manly, way, mayandatar,
manhood, dandukessar,
mankind, tuek/tuk/tueka, person, body, self,
body parts, limbs, (SAG.DU), harsan-, person,
head
(Hittite)
man [<OE],
werewolf, a
person believed capable of assuming the form of
a wolf, [<OE werewulf]
see man (were)
viri above, peasant,
[<LLat. pagensis,
inhabitant of a district]
vir
(8IR),
Script Z719
vira (8IRA),
Script
Z1780
viri (8IRI)
PM-5, XD-1
virin (8IRIN),
Script Z748, Z761, (Lat. virent,
they are vigorous,healthy, etc.),
loha or laua,
iron metal,ākaraḥ,
ore,
dhātuḥ,
ore, a metal, ayasah, kuśī,
wrought iron, tāmram,
copper, āram,
bronze, raṅgam,
vaṅgam,
tin
ayanghaênaca
[ayanghaêna], iron
(Avestan) âhah,اهن iron,
âhan, otu [n], otukasidan,
to make iron, ma'den, معدن
ore, mine, mineral, mes,مس
copper, bronz,
برنز bronze, qal',
قلع tin
(Persian)
parzillu, iron, iron stone, stone or
bead, parzillu,
to smelt iron, iron smelting, parzillu,
in šaparzilli, ironsmith,*laḫšu,
iron object, ahuš’u,
poetic expression of copper, erû,
copper,gû,
bronze, annakumanu,
tin, mazīru,
a kind of tin (Akkadian)
жалеза, žalieza,
iron, руды, rudy,
ore, медзь, miedź,
copper, бронза, bronza,
bronze, волава,
volava, tin (Belarusian) zaleza, iron
(Belarus) željezo, iron, ruda,
ore, bakar,
copper, bronza,
bronze, kositar,
tin
(Croatian) gvo"zdje, pegla, iron (Serbo-Croatian) żelazo, iron,
Ruda,
ore, miedź,
copper, brązowy,
bronze, cyna,
tin
(Polish) dzelzs, iron, rūdas,
ore, vara, copper, bronza,
bronze,
alva, tin(Latvian) fier,
iron, minereu,
ore, cupru, copper,
bronz,
bronze,
staniu,
tin
(Romanian) rauta-,
iron, malmi, ore, kupari-, copper,
pronssi,
bronze, tina,
tin
(Finnish-Uralic)
ferrum-i, iron raudis-i,
copper coin, aes,
aeris,
copper, bronze, money, aeneus, aenus, adj.,
of bronze, stannum-i,
alloy of silver and lead, tin, plumbum
album, tin
tooth [<OE toth], teethe, to
grow teeth, [<ME, tethe],
2-69
tentu, tento
(TENTV)? possibly, tendo-ere L. to stretch,
spread, etc. Script Q283, Q360, Q369, Q713,
Q813, Q863, R394, R521,
See also,
10-34,
tens,
or tensitim,or tens item
Script N53, PQ-16
Notes:
* Some Hittite
words from www.utexas.edu.; Most of the Hittite
vocabulary is adapted from Lia Pena, https://www.academia.edu/35508624/Hittite_English_Dictionary.docx.
uploaded
3.06.18;
Hittite
words with#, from: https://thevore.com/hittite/
(1/30.19)
Avestan words
from: http://www.avesta.org/avdict/avdict.htm#dctc
Tocharian words were obtained through
various online sources; however, we owe thanks
to the following for enabling new additions in
our current edition>: a dictionary recently uploaded
to academia.edu: “A Dictionary and Thesaurus of
Tocharian A Vol 1: Letters a-j,” By Gerd Carling
In collaboration with Georges-Jean Pinault and
Werner Winter.
(1) from: http://www.verbix.com/documents/etruscan/dravidian.htm#intr; regarding
the word, capra:
"Only the finding of the true source of Etruscan can
definitively settle the vexing problem of which
textual words are actually members of that tongue or
are borrowings from other tongues or wrongly
ascribed to it by the authorities whence they were
extracted. For instance, Herodotus affirms that the
word kapra ("goat") is Etruscan, though it is now
known to be the Latin capra for sure. How many
errors such as this actually affect the many words
assumed to be Etruscan by the ancient Classical
authors? And these are by far the majority of words
included in the more extensive "Etruscan"
glossaries, which often fail to explicitly mention
this controversial, unreliable origin."
(2)
Twigs are an important part of the 650 pages of
hymns of the Rig Veda, since it is by
means of two sticks that the ancient sages of the
Rig Veda were able to make their fire (as well as
the fire within their homes). Agni, the god of fire,
is the central figure of the Rig Veda. The fire is
considered the messenger of men and gods (like the
Greek god Hermes). But unlike Hermes Agni was
self-begotten, since it had been observed that
lightning, a form of Agni, is self-begotten.
Connected to fire is the sun, the god Sura, and the
dawn, the goddess Usas. A form of the sun god is
Mitra (Persian, Mithra). Associated with the
lightning was thunder, which was the weapon of the
supreme god, Indra (who was like the Greek god Zeus,
Roman god Jupiter, Etruscan god Tinia). Worship, or
sacrifice, was conducted three times a day: dawn,
noon, and sunset. From the weight of the hymns in
the Rig Veda the dawn ceremony was no doubt
the most important, setting the appeal for the
coming day's wealth. The dawn ceremony for the
Etruscans was no doubt the most important with
respect to the augurs, as seen in the Divine_Mirror.html.
Wealth in cattle, children, and booty from raids was
the predominate thing for which the Aryan people
prayed, arranged in a circle:
(Rig
Veda Book VIII.86)
11. Bards joined in song to Indra so that he
might drink the Soma juice,
The Lord of Light, that he whose laws
stand fast might aid with power and
with the help he gives
12. The holy sages form a ring, looking and
singing to the Ram [Indra]
Inciters, full of vigour, not to be deceived,
are with the chanters, nigh to hear.
According to the
Rig Veda the [original] Hindu pantheon
includes 33 gods. The location of the initial five
tribes invading the Indus region of ancient India,
now Eastern Pakistan and Western India, initially
included the upper reaches of the river Sarasvati.
The river was a supreme goddess in her own right.
The drainage basin of the Sarasvati is now desert
and an area of the Harappan civilization. The
Sarasvati can be viewed by a satellite photograph
as a dry river bed system. It reaches from the
Punjab, east of the Sutlej river (mentioned in the
Rig Veda), toward the Gulf of Kutch on the
Arabian Sea. The people that attacked the cities
of this area (some forts had "metal," Sanskrit,
"ayas," walls), fighting for booty in terms of
cattle, horses, slaves and gold, were
Indo-Europeans. Because of the time in which they
were conducting their cattle raids, what is
recorded in the Rig Veda may have a
bearing upon Etruscan practices. The frequent use
of the word, "ayas," which could mean "copper /
bronze" or "iron" according to Vedic scholars,
suggests that the invaders were Iron Age people,
dating more into the period 1,200 B.C. to 850
B.C., making them contemporaries of the Etruscans
and other Iron Age peoples who during that period
were migrating. Currently scholars believe that
the Rig Veda was from a period of time ~ 1,500
B.C., and some argue that the speakers of Sanskrit
originated in India and migrated eastward and
westward. However, this theory is controverted by
the Rig Veda, the oldest Sanskrit
document, which shows an evolving tradition,
initially focused on cattle raids on the order of
the Irish epic, T'ain Bo Cuailange, and
the attempts to defend themselves against the
brown-skinned peoples of the region. A frequent
ephitet of Indra describes him as "fair-skinned,"
contrasting him and his Aryans with the
brown-skinned, godless indiginous peoples of the
Sarasvati region. What determined whether one was
godless was whether the people practiced a ritual
centered in what can be called a "Banquet of the
Gods." The banquet included the offering of cows,
horses and a juice called Soma. The cattle being
offered at the three banquets of the gods were
tied to a pillar or stake called the Vanaspati
(Rig Veda IX.V. 10). The ritual
included the purification of the Vanaspati with
Soma. This is what the Encyclopaedia
Britaninica says about Soma:
"Soma, in ancient Indian cult worship, an
unidentified plant, the juice of which was a
fundamental offering of the Vedic sacrifices.
The stalks of the plant were pressed between
stones, and the juice was filtered through
sheep's wool and then mixed with water and milk.
After first being offered as a libation to the
gods, the remainder of the soma was consumed by
the priests and the sacrificer. It was highly
valued for its exhilarating, probably
hallucinogenic, effect. The personified deity
Soma was the “master of plants,” the healer of
disease, and the bestower of riches.
The soma cult exhibits a
number of similarities to the corresponding
haoma cult of the ancient Iranians and is
suggestive of shared beliefs among the ancient
Indo-Europeans in a kind of elixir of the gods.
Like haoma, the soma plant grows in the
mountains, but its true origin is believed to be
heaven, whence it was brought to earth by an
eagle. The pressing of soma was associated with
the fertilizing rain, which makes possible all
life and growth."
Soma was a
golden-brown color, probably made from hemp, and
in the rite around a circular fire altar was
strewn carefully cut grass (possibly hemp). The
juice was pressed between two rocks into a large
wooden vat and from the vat, called a dronakalasa,
the Soma – which may have been fermented, since
the Rig Veda refers to it expanding or
growing – was poured from pitchers through a
woolen cloth, called a strainer, and the pure
fluid was then mixed with milk. At some point the
Soma is mixed with water, honey, barley and curds
and lastly milk. The text refers to Soma as
"meath" (mead), and most of the instructions for
making it are in the Rig Veda Book IX,
Ralph T. H Griffith's translation. Bits of the
process are scattered throughout the Rig Veda.
Those who were godless did not
participate in the Soma rite. However, as one gets
deeper into the Rig Veda, one can see the
five tribes of Aryans becoming more settled, to
the extent that their hymns focused on getting
protection of the gods against internicine
warfare. Early in the Rig Veda it is clear
that a barbarian is not favored by the gods. But
then, in Book VIII the priests (Brahmins) sing
about issues involving battles between Soma
worshippers. Who is more favored? The most favored
would be those who are more generous with their
offerings. The more cattle you offer the more the
gods give you. The gods frown on the niggardly.
And of course a niggardly offering would not be
well received from the priests who lived off of
the offrings.
Indra is always available to
defend the sincere worshipper from his chariot,
driven by two bay steeds. He is the defender of
herds, like Cúchulainn, the Celtic hero of the
great cattle-raid, the T'ain Bo Cuailange.
Like Cúchulainn, Indra and other Hindu gods have
the ability to morph, but Cúchulainn did have some
interesting feats that stretched the imagination a
bit more than Indra did, in my opinion. Indra the
dragon killer shares a heritage seen in other
Indo-European heroes, such as the German Siegfried
and English Beowolf.
Drinking mead is part of an old
Indo-European ritual and the mead, an
alcoholic beverage fermented with honey and
water, certainly aquired more than an
alcoholic kick to it in India (probably
containing in its brew marijuana from the
hemp). Barley was probably the main grain
from which mead was made, as was the case
with Soma. The ritual represented in
Etruscan banquet scenes is probably mead
made out of wine, perhaps like the later
Roman mulsum, or mulse.
Within the Etruscan banquet
scenes are icons such as an altar, the
passing of a small stick or wand, offering
an egg, and the depiction of horses, and it
may be that bay or red colored horses are
the choice of the Etruscan riders in the
afterlife. The blue-grey colors, as in Hindu
pictures, deal with death, the otherworld, Erebus.
Unlike the view of the Rig Veda, of
praying for long-life – not addressing a
world after death – the Etruscans focused
completely on the 'hereafter," more on the
same level as the Egyptians, as can be seen
in their murals.
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