10/26/2011
Etruscan Grammar, from "Etruscan_Phrases," texts,
showing Etruscan declension patterns
Etruscan Phrases Grammar
Declension Tables
(-IS, -OS, OR)
by Mel Copeland
(from a work published in 1981)
The following are rough declension
tables of the Etruscan language, continued from Etruscan_grammar-2.html.
This document is to be used in connection with
"Etruscan Phrases" spreadsheet Etruscan_GlossaryA.xls.
Word definitions and their specific locations in the
texts are in the spreadsheet. Women's names from
mirrors or paintings are highlighted in blue; men's
names are red. Words with question marks next to them
may be verbs. Words with a "PL" number are probably
nouns, found in the Picacenza Liver. Words in
parentheses refer to a separate listing of the same
word group in another declension.
3rd Declension Examples --
Singular & Plural Names
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nominative, o.
or =
L. various; Gr. is, on
|
Genitive, is,
os=
L. ei ; Gr. os
|
Dative, x = L.
i ; Gr.
|
Accusitive, x =
L. em, various
|
Ablative, e =
L. e
|
Etr. dec 1
|
Etr. dec 2
|
|
|
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
THETIS /
THETHIS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
HAM PHERIS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
MALAFIS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
MARIS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
ATONIS (Adonis)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
HeKNIS (L. acinus)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
OSUIS, OSFIS (L. ossis?)
|
x
|
OS (L. os)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
SUIS, SFIS
|
[SU, SF
(L. suo)]
|
SUEM
|
SUE, SFE
|
SUA, SFA
|
x
|
x
|
OMAI
|
OMIS
|
OM?
|
OMEN
|
OME?
|
OMA?
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
NEPUIS, NEPFIS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
ANCUIS, ANCFIS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
NAVLIS, NAULIS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
NAVE
|
x
|
x
|
KOPIS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
KOPE
|
KOPI
|
COPOS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
NOCIS (L. nox)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
ARELIS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
CHOLIS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
CULIS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
CERIS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
KARNOS
|
CARNIS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
CARNA
|
KARNE
|
CARNAL / CARNA Le
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
CARRA
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
THETHIS (Thetis)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
THESI or THETI?
|
x
|
ARTVMeS,
ARTVMES |
ARTVMIS |
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
ARTVME |
x |
x
|
ERIS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
NERIS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
PONTIS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
ERPIS (PL18)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
SCEPIS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
NOCIS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
TAPIS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
CAIS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
FAIS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
LAIS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
LARO
|
LARIS
|
LAR
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
LARE
|
LARI
|
CAPUTO
|
CAPUTIS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
PENEIS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
PHERIS
|
PHER
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
PHERI, PHERIE
|
x
|
PAEVEIS, PAEFEIS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
CARSI
|
PEIO
(L. peius, adv.)
|
PEIS (L. peior, adv.)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
OSTIS
|
OST
(L. hostis)
|
|
x
|
x
|
OSTE
|
OSTI
|
x
|
ARNOIS
|
x
|
ARNO
|
x
|
ARNA
|
x
|
ARNOI
|
x |
NOTYEIS |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
CEPIS |
x |
x |
x |
x |
CEPE? CEPEN (verb) |
CEPI |
x
|
x
|
ILiRCU
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
GIIE (Gaea)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
IKIHII
(L. Achaia?)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
ARCAMEN
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
CEPEN
|
CEPIS
|
CEP
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
CEPE
|
CEPI
|
TRETEN
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
AITEN
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
CILEN
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
CILENI
|
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
KaNTOR
|
KaNIS
|
x
|
KaNEV
|
x
|
x
|
KaNE, KANE
|
KaNI,
KANETO
|
x
|
x
|
SAC
|
SACEV
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
SELUR
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
NATOR
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
EPIOR (a name of Athena?)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
CESTOR (L.quaestor)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
CASTOR
(Castor, a Dioscori)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
RAMOR
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
ARBERTORE (L. arbiter, m)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
-various
|
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
(RINOR)
|
(RINOS)
|
(RIN)
|
(RINO)
|
(RINU)
|
(RINA)
|
(RINE)
|
(RINES)
|
x |
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
TVODEITXES |
x
|
PILOS (L. pilus)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
OROS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
EROS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
NEPOS (L. nepos)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
FETOS (L. fetus)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
CATOS
|
x
|
CATO, KATO?
|
x
|
x
|
CATE, KATE?
|
CATES, KATI
|
x
|
x
|
|
CUETO
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
DOMO?
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
SAL
|
x
|
SALSO
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
MINIMO
(L. minimus)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
FELOS (L. vellus)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
IAPOS, IAPES
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
SITOS (L. situs)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
COPOS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
KAPIROS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
TELaMONOS (2)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
TINGOS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
CORTOS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
PHOKE
|
PHOKI
|
x
|
CASOS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
CASA?
|
CASE
|
CASI
|
x
|
THANCHUILOS (2)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
METOS (2) (Medusa)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
TARKONOS (2)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
TARKIE
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
COKIE
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
OSAIE
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
HeRPAIE
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
AMIE
|
x
|
x
|
|
PHOR
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
PHORIE
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
FAS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
FASIE
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
NANIE
(L. naenia)
|
x
|
x
|
TER
|
TERTO
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
TERTI, TERTIE
|
x
|
x
|
IEPO
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
IEPI, IEPIE
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
TIE, THIE, TIES
|
x
|
x
|
RII
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
RIE (L. Rhea)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
ACIE (1)
(L. Achaia, f.)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
VIE
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
CERNIIE
|
x
|
SeRELOS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
CNOS
|
x
|
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
KESTOS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
EIVI
|
x
|
KARNOS (L. carnis)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
KARNE
|
x
|
x
|
POROS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
TELOS
|
TEL?
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
TEROS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
RODOS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
SITOS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
FITOS (L. fidus)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
NEPOS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
ROROS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
ROS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
TOS, THvS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
SANVOS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
VANOSE
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
VAKOS
|
x
|
VAGO?
|
x
|
x
|
VAGE?
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
CAPOI (Capua?)
|
x
|
FILOS
|
(FILAE)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
(FILE)
|
FILOI
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
IAKOI
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
SONOI
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
TENOI*
|
x
|
CASOS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
CASE
|
CASI
|
x
|
ARNOIS
|
x
|
ARNO
|
x
|
ARNA
|
x
|
ARNOI
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
LOTVOI |
VOIA |
x
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
VOI |
ROIM |
ROIS |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
ROI |
x |
REOS |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
REOI |
x |
x |
x |
VPETV |
x |
x |
x |
OPETOI*
|
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x |
TRUE, TRFE (L. Trous = Troy,
Trojan)
|
TROINVI, TROINFI (L.
Troianus-a-)
|
MAREM |
MAROS* |
x |
x |
x |
x |
x
|
x
|
x
|
SEOS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
AVETOS or AUETOS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
KESTOS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
PETROS
|
PETR
|
PETRO
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
|
x
|
TIOS
|
TIO, THYO?
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
TIE
|
TIVI, TIFI, TIES
|
TEIA
|
TEUS, TEFS
(L. deus)
DEIVOS*
|
TEO
(It. dio)
|
x
|
x
|
TEIFA
|
x
|
TEI, TEIM / TEIS
|
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
MAMAR
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
HAMPHIAR (Amphiaraüs)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
ACILAR
|
x
|
ACIL
|
ACILO
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
FETvRA?
|
FETURE
|
x
|
CLENAR
|
CLENaRON
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
TAITaR
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
ACHLVSaR
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
CANeR or
CANTH
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
SeNENAO or
SeNENAR (goddess)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
TENaR, TENAR
|
TENaRAS?
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
TENARA
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
FLUFLUNS
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
MANU, MANV?
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
ACNASU
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
RICU
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
CELTO (L. Celtae)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
ARBO
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
ARIPHMO
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
PERSNIPHMO
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
PERSNIMO
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
PESNIM
|
PESNIMO
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
MINIMO
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
PESTO
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
TETO
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
LOTO
|
x
|
LOTA
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
TIRO
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
VEITO
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
SILAC
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
SILiCI
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
KATO
|
x
|
x
|
KATE
|
KATI
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
RITO
|
x
|
x
|
RITE
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
KARO
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
ERTO
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
ERTI
|
x
|
x
|
SANS
|
SANO
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
SANI
|
* TENOI Old Latin, "Dueonos
Vase." (See Etruscan_Phrases_a.html)
4th Declension Examples --
Singular & Plural Names
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nominative, a =
L. a (1st)
|
Genitive x = L.
ae (1st)
|
Accusitive am =
L. am (1st)
|
Dative x = L.
ae (1st)
|
Ablative a = L.
a (1st)
|
Etr. dec 1
|
Etr. dec 2
|
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
PARTHIAM
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
KLETRAM, CLETRAM
|
x
|
x
|
KLETRA
|
KLETRE
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
HERAM (L. Heraea)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
PANATAM
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
TESCAM (L. tesca-orum)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
TIKAM (TICNER)
|
TIC
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
TIG LO
|
x
|
TIGA
|
TIGE
|
TIGI
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
PARVAM
|
PARV (L. parvus-a-um)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
TREV
|
x
|
x
|
TREVE
(Fr. trêve)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
POVE
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
CHIAVE
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
TRUE, TRFE (L. Trous = Troy,
Trojan)
|
TROINVI, TROINFI (L.
Troianus-a-)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
TEVNS (L. divinus?)
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
CLEF
|
x
|
CLEFA
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
TONAM
|
TON
|
x
|
TONA
|
TONE
|
TONI
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
TRAM
|
TRAKS
|
TRAO?
|
TRA?
|
x
|
TRAS? (TRATI)?
|
|
Mel Copeland
Berkeley, CA
1.28.07
Updated 10.26.11
Notes:
* Augmentative, as in Italian
(1) Latin f. gender.
(2)
Nominative case is demonstrated here. Telemonos,
an adjective with Ajax's name, refers to Ajax, son
of Telemon. Tarquin (Tarchon) is being addressed
in a mirror engraving in the context of the augur
telling him his and his family's fortune.
e-mail
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Launched 1.28.07
Updated: 2.05.07; 2.07.07; 2.08.07;
2.09.07; 2.10.07; 2.14.07; 4.15.07; 5.23.09;
10.22.10; 10.26.11
Copyright © 1981-2011 Maravot. All
rights reserved.
Copyright © 1981-2011 Mel Copeland. All rights
reserved.
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