1/15/2009 Etruscan Glossary, from Etruscan_Phrases Table 1, showing Etruscan conjugation and declension patterns

Etruscan Phrases – Glossary
by Mel Copeland
(from a work published in 1981)

This glossary of Etruscan words is selected from Indo-European Table 1 which is a map showing the relationships of the words found in the Etruscan vocabulary.

Because the Etruscan language is frozen in time (~500 B.C.), it is a good reference on the evolution of related Indo-European languages. Just as we now utilize maps of genetic movement through populations, so too can we map the flow of words through populations using a map similar to Table 1. The most current version of this glossary is in excel format: Etruscan_GlossaryA.xls.

A major effort is now being exercised in mapping languages. Thus, Table 1 follows, and is a part of, that effort. There are many discoveries in Table 1 which are fascinating and bear further investigation. This glossary augments that work.

What is shown in Table 1 is a map of three Indo-European linguistic strands: an Eastern (Blue), a Middle (Green), and a Western group (Red). The Slavic language group, which is in the main represented in Table 1 by Polish, appears in the "green" zone. Sanskrit, Avestan and Persian I placed in the "blue" zone. What is interesting about Table 1 is that some of the solid "green" and "red" zone languages have words that fall into the "blue," Sanskrit zone. German and Gaelic – including Old English – fall solidly into the (Green) zone, and French, Italian, Etruscan and Latin represent the strongest band in Table 1: the red zone.

This section of the glossary contains words from the following pages of Indo-European Table 1. To ascertain cognates that relate to this glossary click on the appropriate page and scroll alphabetically via the Etruscan word. Glossary is also in Excel format, download – sorted alphabeticaly by the Etruscan words (Etruscan_GlossaryA.xls) is the
most complete version. See Etruscan Grammar for Etruscan declension and conjugation patterns, which is the working document used in translating the Etruscan scripts, together with Etruscan_GlossaryA.xls. This Glossary has been updated down to the yellow zone.

Indo-European Table 1 – Etruscan words / locations & etymological relationships to other Indo-European languages
Names of family, mother, father, etc. & numbers
mi through piviato (pi8iato)
A through boris
plak through reva (re8a)
ca through kfa (kua)
ri through semenies
ci through eos
senata through suvera (sv8era)
fac through itis
ta, te, ti, tu, table (tafle) through tvtin
la through meva (me8a)
oce through vra (8r, 8ra)


English

Etruscan

Location

about, over, superb

SUPER (SVPER)

N417, Q805

about, over, superb

SUPRO (SVPRV)

Q661

about, towards

ERCE

BS18

abrade, scrape off

APRATO (APRaTV)

N216

abundance

OP (VP)

Q1, Q65, Q95, Q320, Q335, Q416, N31, R286, Aph29

accelerate, make quick

CILeR (to quicken)

Z317, Z386, Z470, Z701, Z1006, Z1065, Z1662, Z1800

accelerate, make quick

CILeReS (you qucken)

Z290, Z872, Z937, Z999, Z1386, Z1807

accompany

KOMITE (KVMITE) (you --)

Aph-2

Achaia, Greece

ACIE

N149, R219, R238, P-1

Achaia, Greece

IKIHI

T-11

adopt, to

ASA (he/she adopts)

Q424, Q775, R596, R607, R653, Z638, Z1345, Z1784 ;

adopt, to

ASE (you adopt)

TC46, Q416, R381

adorn, embellish

TECUM (TECVM) (adorned) (see cover)

Z1615, Au13

adorn, equip

ORN (VRN) (I equip)

ZB-1, Z834

adult, puberty

POVE (PV8E)

N341

Aecai, name of Trojan hero
AECAI
DM-6

aegis, shield

AEKiS

Z40

afraid, to fear, have respect for

VERIER (8ERIER) (to be afraid) (see true)

Q278

after, next

PUIA (PFIA)

N294

after, next
PUIA (PVIA)
Z1780
after, next
PUE (PVE)
N294
afterwards, then?
POIA (PVIA)
TC144, AH-1, AJ-1

age, lifetime

AVETUS (AFETVS)

HT5

age, lifetime

AGE (AbE)

R248, R334

age, lifetime

AGES (AbES)

R661

Agememnon
ACHMEMNVN
DM-6

ai!, oh!

AI

Z530, TC71, TC127,| TC260, Au55

air

AIR

J52

air, to air, ventilate, dry

ARE (you dry)

Z769

Alexander, Prince of Troy

ELCHINTRE

DM-8

alien

ALENI

M45

allow, to
LEIS
TC150
allure, to wheedle
LACTH
Z516

alone

SOLA (SVLA) (see sun)

Z598

alone

SOLO (SVLV)

Z1161, R49, R65

altar

AR (See plow and gold)

AR-1, NC-4, SM-1

amber

GLAS (bLAS)

Q543

Ana, name

ANA

AJ-19, AO-3

and
ETH
M78

and

ET

N216, Q701, Q745, R40, R94, R128, R142, R160, TC1, MS-1

and also, and indeed

AC

Z54, Z432, Z1183, Au-1, TC46

and also, and indeed
AK
Z489, Z508, Z1139

anger

IR

J-4

anger

IRI

Z10, Z54, Z245, Z606, Z1807, AP-1

angry, to become angry

IRICER (to grow angry)

R128

Anio, river, name

ANIA

Z1578

any, some

CEI

Q65, K119, TC290

anyone, anything

CILVA (CILFA)

Z1310

Aph

APH, name of goddess

Z19, Au102, N123, Q433, Q475, R306, R314, R437, R447, R521, R596

Phabas, Apollo (Phoebus)

PHABAS

Q906

x

PHABETO (PHABETV)

Q217, Q253, Q263, Q468, Q893, Q899

Apronai

Apronai (name, see Ronai)

BS-5

applaud, to strike

PLATO (PLATV)

N139

approve, to

APRO8 (APRV8)

N268, N341

arbitrator, judge

ARBERTORE (AR8ERTVRE)

N417, R13, R72, R349, R417, G14, G30

arc, arch, bow

ARC

TC127, TC236, TC260, PL-10

arcade, covered passage

IAN (see Janus)

J20, Aph-1

Arelis, name (Aurelius)

ARELIS

Z963

Ares, Greek god of war

ARES

N529

Argos, capital of Argolis

ARCO (ARCV)

R314

x

ARCOS (ARCVS)

TC-7

Ariphmus

ARIPHMO (ARIPHMV), name

Q53

Arno, river & gens

ARNA

Z737

x

ARNO

AE-1, AN-1

x

ARNOI

AJ-1

x

ARNOI (ARNVI)

Au102

arrange, to compose, tidy

KOMA (KVMA) (he/she arranges)

Q871, R294, R633

x

KOMIAU (KVMIA8)

N505

x

KOMO (KVMV) (I arrange)

N748

arrow, dart

PINA

N357, N363, N738

x

PINAU (PINA8)

N638, N670

x

PINAS

Z1397

x

PINE

Z122

x

PINES

Z92

x

PINI

TC71

x

PINIE

N294

as, like, in the way of

COM (CVM)

N378

x

KOM (KVM)

N-1, N31, N149, N184, N391, N417, Q297, Q303, Q468, Q871

ascent, steep

ERTI (ascent)

R87

x

ERTO (ERTV) (steep)

M78

Asia

ASI

S-1

x

ASIA

N647

ask, to call upon, demand, pose

POSC (PVSC) (I demand)

N505, N563, N638

ask, to demand

PROCO (I demand)

Z1080

x

PROKIS (PRVKIS) (you demand)

Z272

assemble, collect together

CU (CF)

Z234, Au76, Au86

x

CUA (CFA) (he/she assembles)

Z1, Z656, Z784, Z1183

x

CUE (CFE) (you assemble)

Z180, Z336, Z1137, Z1236, J18, Au35, Au49

Athena, pallas

PALAS

Au13

Athens, Athena

ATHINEM (of Athens, Athena)

L-7

attempt, try

ATENTO (ATENTV)

Q263, Q369

Attis, King Atys, father

ATE

N160, N349, Q46

x

ATES

N462, R359

x

ATIA

AN-5

x

ATI

Q-11, AM-5

x

ATIE

BS-16

Atijeries, Atijerius gens

ATIIERI

R-1, R22

x

ATIIERIA

Q11, Q24

x

ATIIERIE

R100, R114, R219, R229, R238;

x

ATIIERIER

R405, $114

x

ATIIERIES

Q453

x

ATIIERIO (ATIIERIV)

Q243, R88, R181, R195, R565, G21

avail, to have influence, pose

POS (PVS) I pose

R619, R530

x

POSE (PVSE) (you pose)

N349, Q74, R248, J43

avoid, to shun

EFITI (you avoided)

M19

x

EFITOS (EFITVS) (we avoided)

HA-5

avoid, to evade

IFETSvM

Z812

Bacchus, Euhan, god of wine

EUN (EFN)

M45

back, behind, rear

POST (PVST)

N112, N349, N363, Q183, Q754, R447

bad, evil

MAV (MAF) (see unfortunate)

S-8

bad, to mistrust

MEVA (ME8A) (he mistrusts)

LS-4

x

PEIU (PEIV) (badly)

N268

badly

PEIS

Z1292

bait, food

ESA

LS-4

Balae, holiday resort

BALE

L59

band, girdle

PHASEI

Z180, Z347

barley

ORK (VRK)

Z489, Z508, Z761, TC213

be, to be

ES (you are)

Z347, Z439, Z470, Z561, Z572, Z784, Z1027, Z1378, Z1410, Z1438, TC61, N453,

x

EST (he/she/it is)

N469, N607, N638, N676, N767, Q46, Q202, Q209, Q217, Q224, Q311, Q543,

x

ISONT (ISVNT) (they are)

R229, R619, R661, K43, Pl-2

x

RONT (RVNT) (they will be)

Q453, J48

x

SIM (I am)

Z-1, Z897, Z1192, Q-1

x

SOM (SVM) (I am)

N522, N582

x

SOME (SVME) (we are)

Q278, R339, R474

x

SUNT (SVNT) (they are)

Q701

be able, to do

QISI (you did)

MS13

be, place name?

ESTE (he/she/it is, place name?)

Q821, R65, R459

beam

TRAVE (TRaFE)

S-50

bear, to carry

FERE (you bear)

Q360, Q369, R487, R574

x

FERSOM (FERSVM)

N462

beat, cut, to kill

CAITIM (of the cutting, killing?)

Z674

beat, to combat

PUNE (PFNE) (you combat)

J-4

because

CEIA

TC56

become, to be made

FI (see make, do)

Z1781

x

FIA

Z606, Z614, Z622, Z629

before, sooner

ANT

AP-1, Au30

x

ANTA (See go before, excel)

Z1780

before, in front

PRE

N435, N469, Q162, R31, R88, L65

before, in front of, for, like

PRO (PRV)

AN-5

beg, to ask

PREC (I beg)

N533, N607, N676

x

PREK (I beg)

(L38)

x

PRECE (you beg)

R294

x

PRECER (to beg)

R94

beginning, origin

ORS (VRS)

TC56

behind, after, next

POSTE (PVSTE) (see back)

N647

behold!

EC

Z391

x

EK

R664

bejeweled

KAMITO (KAMITV)

Z103

belonging to, in power of

PENES

Q253, K86

bellow, roar

mocum (MVCVM) (roaring?)

Q674

bend, to; archon, leader

ARCAS (you bend, hide)

Q543

x

ARCE (you bend)

Z1578

x

ARCES (you bend?)

AJ-17

x

ARCIA (name, leader, archon)

N53, Q117, Q521, Q683, R499

x

ARCIS

N31, N290, N320, N341, N500, N529, N561, N598, N632, R278

x

ARCIO (ARCIV) (to bend)

N21, N53, N280, N476, N522, N660, Q65, R370, R457

x

ARCAMEN (we bend)

N63

x

ARKANI (archons)

N304, N333, N543, N582, N632 Q723, R270

betray, hand over, give up

TRATI (you handed over)

R88

bewail, lament

CERE (you bewail)

Q331

x

CEREN (they bewail)

Q871

x

CERES (you bewail)

Z133

x

CERI (you bewailed)

Z665, Z737, Z755, Z769

bind together, to yoke

IOKA (IVKA) (he/she binds)

N505, N563

x

IOCE (IVCE) (you bind)

Z665

x

IOCES (IVCES) (you bind)

Q468

x

IOCI (IVCI) (you bound)

N476, Q53, Q162, Q209, Q243, Q416, R258

x

IOCO(IVCV) (I bind)

N711

x

IOKI (IVKI) (jockey, horseman?)

J25, AE-6, N-1, N357, N476, R306, K36

x

IOCIE (IVCIE) (jockeys, horsemen?)

K36, Q217

birth, bringing forth young

FETRA (he/she brings forth)

M78

x

FETURE (FETVRE) (See fetus)

N435, N513, N638, R270, R286, R394, R505

black, dark, dead

ATER

Z489

black, to become black

ATRO (ATRV)

HA-3

blackbird

MARLE

N404

blessed

VEITU (8EITV)

N63, N194, N268, N304, N324, N333, N483, N491, N505, N700, N725, Q488, Q500, R394

blind, to make, hide

CACE (he makes blind, hides)

N311

blood

KROVE (KRVFE)

Z592

boat, barque

BERCA

M-8

body, carnal, flesh

CARNA

L-15

x

CARNAL

R459, R542

x

CARNIS (bodies)

Z1216

x

KARNE (you are carnal?)

Z1243

x

KARNOS (KARNVS) (we are--)

Z1177

Boii (Celts of N. Italy)

VOIA (8VIA) (see devour)

Q278

bone

OS (VS) (see mouth)

ZB-3, Z176, Z455, Z1006, Z1243, Z1386, TC260, TC271, AJ17, DL-7, N236, R661

x

OSUIS (VSFIS) (bony? ossuary?)

Z47, Z681, Z834, TC201

Boris, name, wind

BORIS (BVRIS)

R219, R238

born, to be

NAC

Q701, R511

x

NAK

M19

x

NAKUA (NAKFA)

AH-3, Z263, Z432, Z1227, Z1591, Z1623, Au-1, Au55, Au74, L15

x

NACIM (born of)

Z887, Q303

x

NACUS (NAKFS)

Z522, Z905

x

NAI

AM-6

x

NAS

TC170, TC231, J35, K13, AD-1, AE-1, AK-1, AN-1, AN12, AN31, R5

x

NATINE

Q243, R565

born again, to be

ReNAIX

S15

boundary

TERMeNES

N206

x

OR (VR) (see speak)

Z308, Z421, Z1789, TC19, TC46, TC266, Q217, R-1, R-5, R108, Au85

x

ORAS (VRAS)

TC19, TC161,

boy, young boy, cherub

PULESI (PVLESI)

TC179, TC213,

bramble

ROVATO (RV8ATV)

M19

branch

RAMOER (RAMVER)

Z826

breast, mammary

MAM

N100, N112, N469

x

MAMAR

Z5525, Z263, Z432, Z614, Z681, Z887, Z1080, Z1274, Z1410, Z1591, Z1864

breath, wind

LENA (see lioness, relieve)

M67

bring out, produce, give birth

ETA (he/she produces)

AD-1

x

ETES (you produce)

Z1292, Z1326

x

ETO (ETV) (I produce)

N230, N244, N254

bronze, metal

AIS

M32

brood, to incubate

COV (CV8) (I breed)

R251

x

COVRO (CV8RV)

N74, N100, N149, N160, N254, N404, N417, Q65, Q84, Q95, Q107, Q320, Q326,

brother

BRATER (8RATER) (frater)

R-1, R100, R156, MS14

x

BRATER (8RATeR) (frater)

R164, G-1

x

BRATRO (8RATRV)

Q243, Q294, R88, R565

x

BRATROM (8RATRVM) (of the-)

Q320

x

BRATROS (8RATRVS) (fratres)

Q424, Q468, Q522, Q551, R229

Brutusi, gens

BRuTOSU (BRuTOSY)

Q243, Q294, R88, R565

bull

TAR

Z10, Z150, M-1

bull-like, cow-like? Name?

TARINA

N173, N184

burn, incinerate

CINA (he/she burns)

Q320

x

CINAS (you burn)

Q424, Q468, Q521, Q551, R229

x

CINE (you burn)

F28

x

CINI (you burnt)

TC46, N41, N491, N543, N573, N598, N615, N647, N689, N711, Q435, Q422, Q481

x

CINO (CINV) (I burn)

N11

x

CINOS (CINVS) (we burn)

N139

burn, to scorch

OSAIE (VSAIE)

N453

x

OSE (VSE) (you burn)

J45

x

OSI (VSI) (you burnt)

Z47, Z681, Z834, TC201

x

OSIA (VSIA) (noun? See Osia)

J25

x

OSUIS (VSFIS) (see bone)

Z47, Z681, Z834, TC201

bury, carry out (to grave)

EFEREI

N139

bury, to ruin, destroy

SEPeLES (you bury)

Q369

bush

BRATA (8RATA)

N53, N216, N483, N624, Q84, Q127, R370, R447, R607, R619, Aph-7

by that way

ILA

N230, N244

x

ILAC

M78

KAINA, name

KAINA

R212

x

CAINA

Au35, Au49

call, to

ACA

Au55

x

ACI

AB-1

x

ACIS

NC-3

call, summon, to

CAL (I call)

Z572, TC46, Au67, Au90

x

CaLA (he/she calls)

Z582

x

CaLa

R349

x

KALA (He/she calls)

Z1408

x

KaLaS (you call)

Z463, Z540, Z1408

x

KaLE (you call)

K46, AH-7

x

KaLV (to call)

L38, N149, Q737, R542

x

KALI (you called) (See dropped)

N533

callous, hard, possibly name

CALOS (CALVS)

R114

Kaneri, possibly name

KANERI

Q369, Q388, R56, R108, R121, R133, R150, G-1

Canin, name, Cannae?

CANIN

Q360

cap

CAP

M-1

x

CAPE (you cap?)

BS-11

Capari, name?

CAPARI

Z19, Z29, Z1177

Capui, name Capua?

CAPUI (CAPVI)

N149

care for, to

CAR (I care for) (alt. heart)

K74

x

CARO (CARV) (to care for)

ZB-4, Z842, Z1770

care for, dear, high-priced

KARE (you care for)

Au67

x

KAREN (they care for)

Z582

x

KARO (KARV) (to care for)

K13

x

KARETO (KARETV) (dear)

Q406

carry, bear away

AFEF (Aveu)

R219

carry away or down

TEVRA (TE8RA) (he, she carries away)

Q500, R474

x

TEVRE (TE8RE) (you carry away)

N638

x

TEVRI (TE8RI) (you carried away)

N676

carry, to convey, sail

FE

N294

case, instance

CASUS (CASVS)

N341

cassock, coat

SOTANAS (SVTANAS)

Z263, Z405

Catene, name

CATeNE

Z1300

x

CATeNIS

Z5, Z929, TC161, TC236, TC266, Au67, AL-1

Cato, gens, cunning

CATE (you are wise?)

Q821

x

CATES (you are wise?)

Z1386

x

CATO (CATV)

Z1326

x

KATO (KATV)

Z1586, N216

x

KaTO (KaTV)

AN-20, AN-37

x

CATOS (CATVS)

N41, N160, N280, N417, N483, N553, N624

x

KATE (you are wise?)

Q334, Q512, R437, R521, R565, R584

x

KATI (you were wise?)

R487

cause, to pretend

CASE (you cause, a cause?)

N206, N254

x

KASE (you cause, a cause?)

R238, R653

x

CASI (you caused, causes?)

N311, N378

cause, to give reason

COSO (CVSV) ( I give reason)

R22, R114

x

COSOR (CVSVR) (to give reason)

N74

x

COSOS (CVSVS) (causes, reasons)

M13

cede, surrender

CETO (CETV) (to cede)

TC127, TC241, TC271, TC279, TC307, AM-3

cell, chamber

CARSI

TC56, TC161, TC179

cellar, store-room

SELUR (SELFR)

Z692

Celts, Celtae-arum

CELTO (CELTV) (see to hide)

TC283

Cephes, Greek god, name

CEPHES

N311, N378, Q162

x

CEPHII (gens, Cephii, plural)

Z1319

x

KEPHES

Q813

chamber, vault

CaMaReM (of the chamber)

N469

chariot, two-wheeled cart

CISOM (CISVM) (see wagon)

N607, N638

x

COKIE (CVKIE) (see wagon)

Q406

Charon, ferryman of Hades

KARON (KARVN)

M74

cherish, fondle, pet

KUA (KFA) (he/she cherishes)

Z84, Z111, Z214, Z308, Z378, Z455, Z953, Z1057

x

KUE (KFE) (you cherish)

Z59

x

KUE (KFE) (you cherish)

Tomb inscription above his head

cherry

SIRES

Z872

chimera

KIMeR

Z19, Z40, Z191, Z674, Z1250, Z1607, Z1623

Cilen, gens

CILEN

N462

x

CILENI

N462

Cilerii, gens

CILeRII

Z1203, Z1562, K131

cite, to summon, quote

CITA (he/she cites)

PL-3, PL34

x

CITI (you cited)

PL22

x

CITO (CITV) (to cite)

K79

x

CITHO (CITHV) I (to cite)

J54

Citlo, gens?

CITLAV (CITLA8)

Z439, Z421

x

CITLO (CITLV)

Q512, Q543, Q692, Q775, Q795, Q821, R437, R499

x

CITLOV (CITLV8)

Q806

x

CITLOP(CITLVP) (verb?)

N324

clean

NETI

Z1088

Clear, bright

CLERI (he/she/it was clear)

Q202, Q229

Clerii, name, gens?

CLeRII

N-1

Clenar, name, gens?

CLENAR

N31

x

CLENaRON (CLENaRVN)

Z317, Z380, Z960, Z1006, Z1065, Z1801

CLENSI, name, gens?

CLENSI

TC28

close, to shut

CLOTRA (CLvTRA)

AF-1

CN, abbreviation of a name

CN

Z190,Z289, Z851, Z897, Z929, Z1168, Z1203, Z1236, Z1359, Z1372, K107, K136,

collect, thicken, congeal

COKAR (CVKAR) (to congeal)

AJ-17

x

COKE (you congeal)

N462

x

COKO (CVCV) (I congeal)

Q406

x

COGI (CObI)

N-1, N31

column, neck

KOLEM (KVLEM) (see cultivate)

Q243

comb

PETeNA (see five, petition)

Z1227

come, to arrive

FENI (you came)

Z1600

x

FENIAS (he/she came)

M81

x

VeNER (8eNER) (to come)

Z150, Z1853

x

VeNES (8ENES) (you come)

K43

x

VeNeSI (8eNeSI) (see Venice, Veniti)

K52

x

VENO (8ENV) (I come)

N41

x

VeNO (8eNV) (I come)

N268

x

VENUS (8ENVS) (we come; see Venus)

Q152

come through, to arrive

PEVENES (PE8eNeS)

K20

consecrate, to sanctify

SANTI (you sanctified)

Z1282

x

SANTIS (you sanctified)

Z1337

consider, to think

PENSIN (they think)

Z19

conspire, to take an oath

CONA (CVNA) (he/she pledges)

Au27

x

KONA (KVNA) (he/she pledges)

K32, K131

x

CONO (CVNV) (I / to pledge)

Aph-3

continue, to proceed

PERK (I continue)

N160

controversy, polemic

POLOMiK (PVLVMiK)

Au71, Au99


Notes:

(1)

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Launched 5.27.06

Updated: 5.28.06; 5.29.06; 5.31.06; 6.04.06; 6.14.06; 8.06.06; 8.07.06; 1.15.09

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Copyright © 1981-2009 Mel Copeland. All rights reserved.