Updated 7.14.04 Etruscan Phrases – Etruscan etymological relationships to other Indo-European languages; Proto-Indo-European (PIE):
Indo-European Table 2F, Indo-European words as they relate to Etruscan – based on the Etruscan_Phrases vocabulary,
http://www.maravot.com/Etruscan_Phrases_a.html
Copyright © 1981-2004 Mel Copeland. All rights reserved.

Etruscan_Phrases

 by Mel Copeland
(from a work published in 1981)

Table 2F Etruscan cognates as they relate to Indo-European words

Table 1

Etruscan Cognates

English

Western-red

Central-green

Eastern-blue

Table 1D

spor, spora, spore, sporerim, spores

spit out, spur on

x

x

Etr, W, S, I, F, Lat, Gk, Balt, Skt, E

Table 1D

spuolin

spool out, spew out

x

Etr, E

Etr, W, S, I, F, Lat, Gk, Balt, Skt, E

Table 1D

sta, star, stares, stai, ste, sti, sto

stand, stay

x

x

Etr, I, F, Lyc, Luw, Gk, SC, Pol, Bela, Balt, Av, P, Skt, E

Table 1A.1

cueto

hundred? (1)

Etr, W, S, I, F, Lat, Gk, Alb

x

x

Table 1D

stabli

stable, firm

Etr, W, I, F, Lat, Gk, Pol, E

x

x

Table 1D

stakas

stack

x

Etr, S, I, E

x

Table 1D

statita

standing, static

x

x

Etr, I, F, Lat, Gk, Pol, P, Skt

Table 1D

stinto

fade

x

Etr, I,

x

Table 1D

streta, streter

straight

Etr, I, F, Lat, Alb, E

x

x

Table 1D

stro-, stroph-

arrange

x

x

Etr, Lat, Skt

Table 1D

suba

suffer

Etr, I, F, Lat

x

x

Table 1D

sobra

sober, temperate; to undermine?

Etr, I, F, Lat

x

x

Table 1D

sukato

shake

x

x

Etr, W, I, F, Lat, Skt

Table 1D

strophgla, strophglas

Strophgla, name based on "trickster"?

Etr, I, F, Lat

x

x

Table 1D

super

over, above

Etr, I, F, Lat

x

x

Table 1D

supro

suppose

Etr, I, F, Lat, Alb

x

x

Table 1E

ta

thy

Etr, Lat, F

x

x

Table 1E

te

you, to you

Etr, I, F, Lat, Alb, Pol

x

x

Table 1E

Te

you, plural?

Etr, Alb, Pol

x

x

Table 1E

ti

yourself

Etr, I, Lat, Alb, Pol

x

x

Table 1E

tu

you, your

Etr, I, F, Lat, Pol

x

x

Table 1E

table

table, tablet

Etr, W, I, F, Lat, Alb, Pol, E

x

x

Table 1E

Tages

Tages, a god

Etr

x

x

Table 1E

taiter

foul, hideous

Etr, Lat

x

x

Table 1E

tal

such, similar

Etr, I, F, Lat, Alb

x

x

Table 1E

talena

retaliation?

Etr, F, Lat

x

x

Table 1E

tame, tamir

darken

x

x

Etr, I, F, Lat, Gk, Balt, Skt

Table 1E

Thanchuilus

Tanaquil, Etruscan king

Etr, Lat

x

x

Table 1E

tapis

tapestry, sky?

Etr, I, F, Lat, Gk, Alb

x

x

Table 1E

tar

bull

Etr, W, S, I, F, Gk, P, Skt,

x

x

Table 1E

Tarkonos

Tarquins, kings of Rome

Etr, Lat

x

x

Table 1E

tarina

bull, cow, bull-like?

Etr, W, I, F, Lat, Gk

x

x

Table 1E

tas

silent

Etr, I, F, Lat

x

x

Table 1E

teb, tebe, tebra, tebre, tebri

owe

Etr, I, F, Lat, Alb

x

x

Table 1E

tec, thek, tece, Tekeias

bury, cover, a name? teacher / doctor?

Etr, S, Lat

x

x

Table 1E

Tekories

Tekories, person's name

Etr

x

x

Table 1E

tecum

decorate, embellish

Etr, I, F, Lat, Gk, Alb, Pol

x

x

Table 1E

teu, tev

defy?

x

Etr, F

x

Table 1E

tei, teis, teis, tev

god, gods, godess (2)

x

x

Etr, W, S, Bret, I, F, Lyd, Lyc, Lat, Balt, Av, Skt

Table 1E

tel, telos

earth, hearth

Etr, S, Lat

x

x

Table 1E

tem

pole

Etr, I, F, Lat, Alb

x

x

Table 1E

ten, tena, tene, tenin, teno, tener

hold, possess

Etr, S, I, F, Lat, Skt

x

x

Table 1E

tens

car, density?

Etr, W, I, F, Lat

x

x

Table 1E

tenta, tento

extend, stretch

Etr, W, I, F, Lat, Gk, Alb

x

x

Table 1E

tep

warm, initial TP?

x

x

Etr, I, F, Lat, Skt, E

Table 1E

ter

thrice, third (3)

Etr, I, Lat

x

W, S, F, Gk, Alb, Pol, Av, Skt

Table 1E

tera, teri, terim

terra, earth (4)

Etr, I, F, Lat, Alb,

x

x

Table 1E

teros

to whet, smooth

Etr, Lat

x

x

Table 1E

ters

smooth, terse

Etr, W, I, Lat, E

x

x

Table 1E

termenes

terminus

Etr, I, F, Lat, E

x

x

Table 1E

terti, tertie, terto

third (5)

Etr, I, Lat, Balt

x

x

Table 1E

tes, tesi, tesim

weave

Etr, I, F

x

x

Table 1E

tescam

desecrate?

Etr, Lat

x

x

Table 1E

tesen, tesena

design

Etr, I, F, Lat, E

Etr, I

x

Table 1E

testre, testro

testify

Etr, I, F, Lat

x

x

Table 1E

teto

roof, head

Etr, I, F

x

x

Table 1E

tua, tue, tus, turi

regard

Etr, Lat

x

x

Table 1E

Tia, Thia

Dia, goddess

Etr, Lat

x

x

Table 1E

tic, tikam, ticner

stem

x

Etr, F

x

Table 1E

tie, thie, ties, tio

day

x

x

Etr, W, S, Bret, I, Lat, Alb, Skt

Table 1E

tiga, tige, tigi

stem, stalk

x

x

Etr, F, Skt

Table 1E

tiglo

lime tree

Etr, I, F, Lat

x

x

Table 1E

timem

timid, fear

Etr, S, I, F, Lat, Alb, Balt

x

x

Table 1E

Tin, TN, Tini, Tinia

Tini, supreme god (6)

Etr

x

x

Table 1E

tina, tines, tinirs

ring, tinkle

Etr, I, F, Lat

x

x

Table 1E

tingus

tint, dye, moisten

Etr, I, F, Lat, Alb, E

x

x

Table 1E

tipe, tipes

type

Etr, W, I, F, Lat, Gk, Alb, Pol

x

x

Table 1E

tir, tiri

hurl

x

Etr, I, F

x

Table 1E

Tirai

Tirai, name of the son of Priam, Tyrsenus

Etr, L

x

x

Table 1E

Tis,Tisim

Dis, Pluto, god of wealth, wealth

Etr, Lat

x

x

Table 1E

tister

differ (7)

Etr, I, F, Lat

x

x

Table 1E

tio, tios (tiu, tius)

divine, god-like (9)

Etr, W, I, F, Lat

x

x

Table 1E

tito

Tito, name? Tities-one of the first three tribes of Rome

Etr, Lat

x

x

Table 1E

tra, tras, tram, traks, trao, tre, tro, trom

drag, pull

Etr, W, I, F, Lat, Gk, Alb, Balt, E

x

x

Table 1E

trati

betray

Etr, I, F, Lat, Alb

x

x

Table 1E

tre, trei, tres

three

Etr, I, Alb, Pol

x

x

Table 1E

tre viper

(three) viper, a god

Etr, W, I, F, Lat, Alb

x

x

Table 1E

treb, trebe

truce

Etr, I, F

x

x

Table 1E

tri, tria, trin, trinom, triner

three

x

x

Etr, W, Toch, Phry, Lat, Gk, Alb, Skt

Table 1E

Tri Ivper

(three) judge, a god

Etr, I, F, Lat, Alb, E

x

x

Table 1E

tris

sad

Etr, W, I, F, Lat, Alb, E

x

x

Table 1E

trib, tribo

tribe

Etr, I, F, Lat, E

x

x

Table 1E

tripler

Tripler, a name, to triple?

Etr, I, F, Lat, Gk, Alb, E

x

x

Table 1E

trotan, trotum

trot

x

Etr, W, I, F, Alb, E

x

Table 1E

toca, toce, toces

touch, toga?

Etr, I, F, Lat, Pol

x

x

Table 1E

tokla, tocler

remove, take away

x

Etr, I, F

x

Table 1E

toe

two?, to give?

Etr, W, I, F, Phry, Lat, Gk, Alb, Pol, P

x

x

Table 1E

tol, tolo, tolera, toleran

tolerate

Etr, I, F, Lat, Alb, Pol

x

x

Table 1E

tom

tomb

Etr, I, F, Lat, Alb

x

x

Table 1E

ton, tona, tonam, tone, toni

thunder, tone (8)

Etr, W, S, I, F, Lat, Gk, Alb

P, E

x

Table 1E

tor, tora, tore, tores, tori, toro, tor op

regard, watch

Etr, W, Lat, Gk

x

x

Table 1E

tor, tora, tore, tores, tori, toro, tor op

tower

Etr, W, S, I, F, Lat, Gk, Balt, E

x

x

Table 1E

Toran, Turan

Turan, goddess

Etr, Lat, Alb

x

x

Table 1E

Torines, Turines

Turin, Italy? like a bull?

x

x

x

Table 1E

torov

savage?

Etr, I, Lat

x

x

Table 1E

torm

crowd

Etr, I, Lat, Alb, Pol

x

x

Table 1E

tors

torso? twist?

Etr, I, F, Lat, Alb, Pol

x

x

Table 1E

tos, thos

incense

Etr, Lat

x

x

Table 1E

Tusk

Tuscus, Etruscan?

Etr, Lat

x

x

Table 1E

tose

shave, shear

Etr, I, F, Lat

x

x

Table 1E

tuta, tutas, tute, tuthi, tuto

total, whole, people

Etr, S, I, F, Illyr, Lyc, Hittite, Lat, E

x

x

Table 1E

tutin

protect

Etr, Lat

x

x

Notes:

(1) The two main candidates for "hundred" in Etruscan are sto and cueto; thus the repetition and appearance of cueto here, bearing further analysis.
(2) In Table 1E there is a connection between Persian Xoda, god, Albanian, zot, and Greek, Zeus. The three language groups seem to be one one Indo-European family that moved south from the steppes. The Slavs, we know without too much debate, moved south much later; but both groups I show as being in the center, green, zone of the Indo-European spectrum.
(3) In table 1E there is a separation between the "tri" and "ter" groups, where Etruscan, latin, Italian and Baltic-Sudovian fit in the red zone, whereas all of the others, "tri," go into the blue zone. Persian, so far, is alone in the green zone.
(4) The Proto-Indo-European word for ground is *dhghom (* is used to identify [supposed] Proto-Indo-European words), translating to "ground." Falling into the "red" zone are Etruscan, Latin, Italian, French and Albanian, the rest in the "blue" zone.
(5) In Table IE the split on the word "third" is again Etruscan, Latin, Italian, Baltic-Sudovian in the "red" zone, the balance, "tri" in the "blue" zone
(6) See the Divine_Mirror.html, where Tini's name is spelled, Tinia, with the suffix "ia." Roma and Spina have the suffix, "ia," Helen of Troy has the suffix, "ai," Phersipnei (Persephone) has the suffix "ie." The goddess Turan seems to be Aphrodite (Venus), as she carries a staf topped with an apple or pomegranate. Her sign is the apple, but as an old Asiatic mother goddess (even Ishtar) the pomegranate, signifying fertility, would then be applicable to her. She was in the beginning of Helen's story involved Paris' abduction of Helen. Paris was invited to judge between Aphrodite and Hera, which of the two goddesses was the most beautiful. Paris judged in favor of Aphrodite, who promised him that he would be given the hand of the most beautiful woman in the world (Helen). Next to Turan (Aphrodite) on the top floor of the mirror is Hercules, son of Zeus and Alcmene, who is presenting to Tinia the winged child-god (must be Eros) named Epe Or. (Both names, Epe and Eros, appear in the Etruscan scripts). And it was Eros, instructed by his mother, Aphrodite, who shot his arrow at Paris, causing him to fall in love with Helen of Troy. The supreme god Tinia (Zeus) was Helen's father: He turned into a swan and chased down the goddess Nemesis, who changed into a goose, and after the rape she gave birth to an egg that was given to the wife, Leda, of king Tyndareus. The egg hatched as Helen of Troy. Ralna would be the goddess who gave birth, as a goose, to the egg that produced Helen of Troy. A version of the myth says that Aphrodite changed into an eagle and chased Zeus, the swan, so he would be permitted to land in the lap of Nemesis. Hercules and Helen, being children of Zeus, are half-brother and sister. I am not sure what other connection Hercules has in the divine family of Helen. While Eros is reported as the son of Aphrodite among later writers, the earliest accounts of Eros show him to be one of a triad, Ge (mother earth), Chaos and Eros, the first gods formed in heaven. It may be that Hercules in this story is the father of Eros by Aphrodite. We don't know who the father of Eros is from mythology, and it is perhaps this unknown that resolved the idea that Eros was a sibling of Chaos and Ge, the three having neither father nor mother. Thus, the mirror may be remembering an account that was known to the Etruscans and thus the Lydians which was lost in time.
(7) This is an ephitet which appears as a suffix to the name of the goddess Aph.
(8) See the Divination_Lesson.html for a view of the god Feltune (Script D) who oversees an augury for Tarchonos (Tarquin). Feltune would be translated as "Great Thunder."
(9) In Script HT a short inscription which appears to be addressed to the precinct of Hermes, confirms the use of TIVS. It says, "..HERMeNE TIVS AFETVS..." which appears to say, "Hermes divine of the age [Lat. aetas-atis, aevitas-atis f.]." The word, AFETVS may be A FETVS, "to the bringing forth or hatching of the young (Lat. fetus-us, m.). There is strong evidence for the latter interpretation, since in the script of Uni Suckling Hercules the angelic child below the scene is holding an egg in his right hand and in many banquet scenes (Miscellaneous_Short_Scripts_a.html) in the tombs an egg is being offered to the departed. This tradition may be behind the Christian tradition of decorating Easter eggs.

Key to abbreviation of languges:

Alb, Albanian; Av, Avestan; Bal, Baltic-Sudovian; Bela, Belarus; Br, Breton; Car, Carian; E, English; Etr, Etruscan; F, French; Gk, Greek; I, Italian; Illyr, Illyrian; Irs, Irish; Lat, Latin; Luw, Luwian; Lyc, Lycian; Lyd, Lydian; P, Persian; Phr, Phrygian; Pol, Polish, S, Scott; SC, Serbo-Croatian, Skt, Sanskrit; Toch, Tocharian; W, Welsh; Details on entries may be accessed at the Indo-European Table 1 and its sections.


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Copyright © 1981-2004 Maravot. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 1981-2004 Mel Copeland. All rights reserved.
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